diff --git a/app/os.go b/app/os.go
index 7b6351ba..338797e3 100644
--- a/app/os.go
+++ b/app/os.go
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ type size struct {
 	Height unit.Value
 }
 
+// errOutOfDate is reported when the GPU surface dimensions or properties no
+// longer match the window.
+var errOutOfDate = errors.New("app: GPU surface out of date")
+
 // Config describes a Window configuration.
 type Config struct {
 	// Size is the window dimensions (Width, Height).
diff --git a/app/vulkan.go b/app/vulkan.go
index 037af9c2..87516963 100644
--- a/app/vulkan.go
+++ b/app/vulkan.go
@@ -104,7 +104,13 @@ func mapErr(err error) error {
 		// swapchain (preTransform != currentTransform). However, we don't
 		// support transforming the output ourselves, so we'll live with it.
 		return nil
-	case vkErr.IsDeviceLost():
+	case vkErr == vk.ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR:
+		return errOutOfDate
+	case vkErr == vk.ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR:
+		// Treating a lost surface as a lost device isn't accurate, but
+		// porbably not worth optimizing.
+		return gpu.ErrDeviceLost
+	case vkErr == vk.ERROR_DEVICE_LOST:
 		return gpu.ErrDeviceLost
 	}
 	return err
@@ -149,6 +155,16 @@ func (c *vkContext) refresh(surf vk.Surface, width, height int) error {
 	vk.DeviceWaitIdle(c.dev)
 
 	c.destroyImageViews()
+	// Check whether size is valid. That's needed on X11, where ConfigureNotify
+	// is not always synchronized with the window extent.
+	caps, err := vk.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities(c.physDev, surf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	minExt, maxExt := caps.MinExtent(), caps.MaxExtent()
+	if width < minExt.X || maxExt.X < width || height < minExt.Y || maxExt.Y < height {
+		return errOutOfDate
+	}
 	swchain, imgs, format, err := vk.CreateSwapchain(c.physDev, c.dev, surf, width, height, c.swchain)
 	if c.swchain != 0 {
 		vk.DestroySwapchain(c.dev, c.swchain)
diff --git a/app/vulkan_android.go b/app/vulkan_android.go
index 48df013f..cdfbd958 100644
--- a/app/vulkan_android.go
+++ b/app/vulkan_android.go
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ func (c *wlVkContext) API() gpu.API {
 
 func (c *wlVkContext) Release() {
 	c.ctx.release()
-	vk.DestroySurface(c.inst, c.surf)
+	if c.surf != 0 {
+		vk.DestroySurface(c.inst, c.surf)
+	}
 	vk.DestroyInstance(c.inst)
 	*c = wlVkContext{}
 }
diff --git a/app/window.go b/app/window.go
index 09b07c90..c0180f62 100644
--- a/app/window.go
+++ b/app/window.go
@@ -152,6 +152,11 @@ func (w *Window) validateAndProcess(frameStart time.Time, size image.Point, sync
 				err = w.ctx.Refresh()
 			})
 			if err != nil {
+				if errors.Is(err, errOutOfDate) {
+					// Surface couldn't be created for transient reasons. Skip
+					// this frame and wait for the next.
+					return nil
+				}
 				w.destroyGPU()
 				if errors.Is(err, gpu.ErrDeviceLost) {
 					continue
@@ -174,6 +179,11 @@ func (w *Window) validateAndProcess(frameStart time.Time, size image.Point, sync
 		}
 		if w.gpu != nil {
 			if err := w.render(frame, size); err != nil {
+				if errors.Is(err, errOutOfDate) {
+					// GPU surface needs refreshing.
+					sync = true
+					continue
+				}
 				w.destroyGPU()
 				if errors.Is(err, gpu.ErrDeviceLost) {
 					continue
diff --git a/gpu/internal/vulkan/vulkan.go b/gpu/internal/vulkan/vulkan.go
index 55726983..4d8db056 100644
--- a/gpu/internal/vulkan/vulkan.go
+++ b/gpu/internal/vulkan/vulkan.go
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ func formatFor(format driver.TextureFormat) vk.Format {
 
 func mapErr(err error) error {
 	var vkErr vk.Error
-	if errors.As(err, &vkErr) && vkErr.IsDeviceLost() {
+	if errors.As(err, &vkErr) && vkErr == vk.ERROR_DEVICE_LOST {
 		return driver.ErrDeviceLost
 	}
 	return err
diff --git a/internal/vk/vulkan.go b/internal/vk/vulkan.go
index 6ef59317..7c65bb76 100644
--- a/internal/vk/vulkan.go
+++ b/internal/vk/vulkan.go
@@ -380,6 +380,7 @@ import "C"
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"image"
 	"math"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
@@ -441,7 +442,8 @@ type (
 	Viewport              = C.VkViewport
 	WriteDescriptorSet    = C.VkWriteDescriptorSet
 
-	Surface = C.VkSurfaceKHR
+	Surface             = C.VkSurfaceKHR
+	SurfaceCapabilities = C.VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR
 
 	Swapchain = C.VkSwapchainKHR
 )
@@ -939,11 +941,19 @@ func GetDeviceQueue(d Device, queueFamily, queueIndex int) Queue {
 	return queue
 }
 
-func CreateSwapchain(pd PhysicalDevice, d Device, surf Surface, width, height int, old Swapchain) (Swapchain, []Image, Format, error) {
+func GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities(pd PhysicalDevice, surf Surface) (SurfaceCapabilities, error) {
 	var caps C.VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR
 	err := vkErr(C.vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(funcs.vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR, pd, surf, &caps))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nilSwapchain, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("vulkan: vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR: %w", err)
+		return SurfaceCapabilities{}, fmt.Errorf("vulkan: vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR: %w", err)
+	}
+	return caps, nil
+}
+
+func CreateSwapchain(pd PhysicalDevice, d Device, surf Surface, width, height int, old Swapchain) (Swapchain, []Image, Format, error) {
+	caps, err := GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities(pd, surf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nilSwapchain, nil, 0, err
 	}
 	mode, modeOK, err := choosePresentMode(pd, surf)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1846,6 +1856,14 @@ func (p QueueFamilyProperties) Flags() QueueFlags {
 	return p.queueFlags
 }
 
+func (c SurfaceCapabilities) MinExtent() image.Point {
+	return image.Pt(int(c.minImageExtent.width), int(c.minImageExtent.height))
+}
+
+func (c SurfaceCapabilities) MaxExtent() image.Point {
+	return image.Pt(int(c.maxImageExtent.width), int(c.maxImageExtent.height))
+}
+
 func BuildViewport(x, y, width, height float32) Viewport {
 	return C.VkViewport{
 		x:        C.float(x),
@@ -2048,12 +2066,3 @@ func vkErr(res C.VkResult) error {
 func (e Error) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("error %d", e)
 }
-
-func (e Error) IsDeviceLost() bool {
-	switch e {
-	case ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR, ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR, ERROR_DEVICE_LOST:
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}