wip

Signed-off-by: Elias Naur <mail@eliasnaur.com>

.builds/apple.yml

@@ -8,28 +8,23 @@ packages:
  - libxml2-dev
  - libssl-dev
  - libz-dev
- - llvm-dev # cctools
+ - llvm-dev # for cctools
- - uuid-dev # cctools
+ - uuid-dev ## for cctools
- - ninja-build # cctools
- - systemtap-sdt-dev # cctools
- - libbsd-dev # cctools
- - linux-libc-dev # cctools
  - libplist-utils # for gogio
 sources:
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/applesdks
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/gio
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/giouiorg
- - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/cctools-port
+ - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/cctools-port.git
- - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/apple-libtapi
+ - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/apple-libtapi.git
- - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/apple-libdispatch
+ - https://github.com/mackyle/xar.git
- - https://github.com/mackyle/xar
 environment:
    APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT: /home/build/appletools
    PATH: /home/build/sdk/go/bin:/home/build/go/bin:/usr/bin
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.19.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
  - prepare_toolchain: |
      mkdir -p $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT
      cd $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT
@@ -47,11 +42,6 @@ tasks:
  - install_appletoolchain: |
      cd giouiorg
      go build -o $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/tools ./cmd/appletoolchain
- - build_libdispatch: |
-     cd apple-libdispatch
-     cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libdispatch .
-     ninja
-     ninja install
  - build_xar: |
      cd xar/xar
      ac_cv_lib_crypto_OpenSSL_add_all_ciphers=yes CC=clang ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr
@@ -63,7 +53,7 @@ tasks:
      ./install.sh
  - build_cctools: |
      cd cctools-port/cctools
-     ./configure --target=x86_64-apple-darwin19 --prefix $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/toolchain --with-libtapi=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libtapi --with-libdispatch=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libdispatch --with-libblocksruntime=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libdispatch
+     ./configure --prefix $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/toolchain --with-libtapi=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libtapi --target=x86_64-apple-darwin19
      make install
  - test_macos: |
      cd gio
@@ -72,3 +62,13 @@ tasks:
  - test_ios: |
      cd gio
      CC=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/tools/clang-ios GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go build -tags ios ./...
+ - install_gogio: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go install ./gogio
+ - test_ios_gogio: |
+     mkdir tmp
+     cd tmp
+     go mod init example.com
+     go get -d gioui.org/example/kitchen
+     export PATH=/home/build/appletools/bin:$PATH
+     gogio -target ios -o app.app gioui.org/example/kitchen

.builds/freebsd.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ environment:
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.19.11.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
  - test_gio: |
      cd gio
      go test ./...
+ - test_cmd: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go test ./...

.builds/linux.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ image: debian/testing
 packages:
  - curl
  - pkg-config
- - gcc-multilib
  - libwayland-dev
  - libx11-dev
  - libx11-xcb-dev
@@ -25,11 +24,12 @@ packages:
  - scrot
  - sway
  - grim
+ - wine
  - unzip
 sources:
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/gio
 environment:
- PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/
+ GOFLAGS: -mod=readonly
  PATH: /home/build/sdk/go/bin:/usr/bin:/home/build/go/bin:/home/build/android/tools/bin
  ANDROID_SDK_ROOT: /home/build/android
  android_sdk_tools_zip: sdk-tools-linux-3859397.zip
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ secrets:
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.19.11.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
  - check_gofmt: |
      cd gio
      test -z "$(gofmt -s -l .)"
@@ -54,19 +54,20 @@ tasks:
             exit 1
         fi
      done
- - mirror: |
-     # mirror to github
-     ssh-keyscan github.com > "$HOME"/.ssh/known_hosts && cd gio && git push --mirror "$github_mirror" || echo "failed mirroring"
- - add_32bit_arch: |
-     sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
-     sudo apt-get update
-     sudo apt-get install -y "libwayland-dev:i386" "libx11-dev:i386" "libx11-xcb-dev:i386" "libxkbcommon-dev:i386" "libxkbcommon-x11-dev:i386" "libgles2-mesa-dev:i386" "libegl1-mesa-dev:i386" "libffi-dev:i386" "libvulkan-dev:i386" "libxcursor-dev:i386"
  - test_gio: |
      cd gio
      go test -race ./...
-     CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=386 go test ./...
      GOOS=windows go test -exec=wine ./...
      GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm go build -o /dev/null ./...
+ - install_chrome: |
+     curl -s https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
+     sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'
+     sudo apt-get -qq update
+     sudo apt-get -qq install -y google-chrome-stable
+ - test_cmd: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go test ./...
+     go test -race ./...
  - install_jdk8: |
      curl -so jdk.deb "https://cdn.azul.com/zulu/bin/zulu8.42.0.21-ca-jdk8.0.232-linux_amd64.deb"
      sudo apt-get -qq install -y -f ./jdk.deb
@@ -86,3 +87,15 @@ tasks:
      cd gio
      CC=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android29-clang GOOS=android GOARCH=arm64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go build ./...
      CC=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi29-clang GOOS=android GOARCH=arm CGO_ENABLED=1 go build ./...
+ - install_gogio: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go install ./gogio
+ - test_android_gogio: |
+     mkdir tmp
+     cd tmp
+     go mod init example.com
+     go get -d gioui.org/example/kitchen
+     gogio -target android gioui.org/example/kitchen
+ - mirror: |
+     # mirror to github
+     ssh-keyscan github.com > "$HOME"/.ssh/known_hosts && cd gio && git push --mirror "$github_mirror" || echo "failed mirroring"

.builds/openbsd.yml

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ environment:
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.19.11.src.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.src.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
      cd /home/build/sdk/go/src
      ./make.bash
  - test_gio: |
      cd gio
      go test ./...
+ - test_cmd: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go test ./...

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+.gradle
+**/android/build

README.md

@@ -24,12 +24,3 @@ account is required and you can post without being subscribed.
 See the [contribution guide](https://gioui.org/doc/contribute) for more details.
 
 An [official GitHub mirror](https://github.com/gioui/gio) is available.
-
-## Tags
-
-Pre-1.0 tags are provided for reference only, and do not designate releases with ongoing support. Bugfixes will not be backported to older tags.
-
-Tags follow semantic versioning. In particular, as the major version is zero:
-
-- breaking API or behavior changes will increment the *minor* version component.
-- non-breaking changes will increment the *patch* version component.

app/GioActivity.java

@@ -5,30 +5,16 @@ package org.gioui;
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.content.res.Configuration;
-import android.view.ViewGroup;
-import android.view.View;
-import android.view.ViewGroup;
-import android.widget.FrameLayout;
 
 public final class GioActivity extends Activity {
 	private GioView view;
-	public FrameLayout layer;
 
 	@Override public void onCreate(Bundle state) {
-            super.onCreate(state);
+		super.onCreate(state);
 
-            layer = new FrameLayout(this);
+		this.view = new GioView(this);
-            view = new GioView(this);
 
-            view.setLayoutParams(new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(
+		setContentView(view);
-                FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
-                FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
-            ));
-            view.setFocusable(true);
-            view.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
-
-            layer.addView(view);
-            setContentView(layer);
 	}
 
 	@Override public void onDestroy() {

app/GioView.java

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import android.text.SpannableStringBuilder;
 import android.util.AttributeSet;
 import android.util.TypedValue;
 import android.view.Choreographer;
-import android.view.Display;
 import android.view.KeyCharacterMap;
 import android.view.KeyEvent;
 import android.view.MotionEvent;
@@ -65,8 +64,8 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 	private final InputMethodManager imm;
 	private final float scrollXScale;
 	private final float scrollYScale;
-	private final AccessibilityManager accessManager;
 	private int keyboardHint;
+	private AccessibilityManager accessManager;
 
 	private long nhandle;
 
@@ -106,8 +105,6 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 			scrollYScale = px;
 		}
 
-		setHighRefreshRate();
-
 		accessManager = (AccessibilityManager)context.getSystemService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE);
 		imm = (InputMethodManager)context.getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
 		nhandle = onCreateView(this);
@@ -258,59 +255,6 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 		this.setBarColor(Bar.NAVIGATION, color, luminance);
 	}
 
-	private void setHighRefreshRate() {
-		Context context = getContext();
-		Display display = context.getDisplay();
-		Display.Mode[] supportedModes = display.getSupportedModes();
-		if (supportedModes.length <= 1) {
-			// Nothing to set
-			return;
-		}
-
-		Display.Mode currentMode = display.getMode();
-		int currentWidth = currentMode.getPhysicalWidth();
-		int currentHeight = currentMode.getPhysicalHeight();
-
-		float minRefreshRate = -1;
-		float maxRefreshRate = -1;
-		float bestRefreshRate = -1;
-		int bestModeId = -1;
-		for (Display.Mode mode : supportedModes) {
-			float refreshRate = mode.getRefreshRate();
-			float width = mode.getPhysicalWidth();
-			float height = mode.getPhysicalHeight();
-
-			if (minRefreshRate == -1 || refreshRate < minRefreshRate) {
-				minRefreshRate = refreshRate;
-			}
-			if (maxRefreshRate == -1 || refreshRate > maxRefreshRate) {
-				maxRefreshRate = refreshRate;
-			}
-
-			boolean refreshRateIsBetter = bestRefreshRate == -1 || refreshRate > bestRefreshRate;
-			if (width == currentWidth && height == currentHeight && refreshRateIsBetter) {
-				int modeId = mode.getModeId();
-				bestRefreshRate = refreshRate;
-				bestModeId = modeId;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (bestModeId == -1) {
-			// Not expecting this but just in case
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if (minRefreshRate == maxRefreshRate) {
-			// Can't improve the refresh rate
-			return;
-		}
-
-		Window window = ((Activity) context).getWindow();
-		WindowManager.LayoutParams layoutParams = window.getAttributes();
-		layoutParams.preferredDisplayModeId = bestModeId;
-		window.setAttributes(layoutParams);
-	}
-
 	@Override protected boolean dispatchHoverEvent(MotionEvent event) {
 		if (!accessManager.isTouchExplorationEnabled()) {
 			return super.dispatchHoverEvent(event);
@@ -611,11 +555,7 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 		@Override public int getCursorCapsMode(int reqModes) {
 			Snippet snip = getSnippet();
 			int selStart = imeSelectionStart(nhandle);
-			int off = imeToUTF16(nhandle, selStart - snip.offset);
+			return TextUtils.getCapsMode(snip.snippet, imeToUTF16(nhandle, selStart), reqModes);
-			if (off < 0 || off > snip.snippet.length()) {
-				return 0;
-			}
-			return TextUtils.getCapsMode(snip.snippet, off, reqModes);
 		}
 
 		@Override public ExtractedText getExtractedText(ExtractedTextRequest request, int flags) {

app/app.go

@@ -3,16 +3,8 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"image"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
-	"gioui.org/layout"
-	"gioui.org/op"
-	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
 // extraArgs contains extra arguments to append to
@@ -22,89 +14,10 @@ import (
 // Set with the go linker flag -X.
 var extraArgs string
 
-// ID is the app id exposed to the platform.
+func init() {
-//
+	if extraArgs != "" {
-// On Android ID is the package property of AndroidManifest.xml,
+		args := strings.Split(extraArgs, "|")
-// on iOS ID is the CFBundleIdentifier of the app Info.plist,
+		os.Args = append(os.Args, args...)
-// on Wayland it is the toplevel app_id,
-// on X11 it is the X11 XClassHint.
-//
-// ID is set by the [gioui.org/cmd/gogio] tool or manually with the -X linker flag. For example,
-//
-//	go build -ldflags="-X 'gioui.org/app.ID=org.gioui.example.Kitchen'" .
-//
-// Note that ID is treated as a constant, and that changing it at runtime
-// is not supported. The default value of ID is filepath.Base(os.Args[0]).
-var ID = ""
-
-// A FrameEvent requests a new frame in the form of a list of
-// operations that describes the window content.
-type FrameEvent struct {
-	// Now is the current animation. Use Now instead of time.Now to
-	// synchronize animation and to avoid the time.Now call overhead.
-	Now time.Time
-	// Metric converts device independent dp and sp to device pixels.
-	Metric unit.Metric
-	// Size is the dimensions of the window.
-	Size image.Point
-	// Insets represent the space occupied by system decorations and controls.
-	Insets Insets
-	// Frame completes the FrameEvent by drawing the graphical operations
-	// from ops into the window.
-	Frame func(frame *op.Ops)
-	// Source is the interface between the window and widgets.
-	Source input.Source
-}
-
-// ViewEvent provides handles to the underlying window objects for the
-// current display protocol.
-type ViewEvent interface {
-	implementsViewEvent()
-	ImplementsEvent()
-}
-
-// Insets is the space taken up by
-// system decoration such as translucent
-// system bars and software keyboards.
-type Insets struct {
-	// Values are in pixels.
-	Top, Bottom, Left, Right unit.Dp
-}
-
-// NewContext is shorthand for
-//
-//	layout.Context{
-//	  Ops: ops,
-//	  Now: e.Now,
-//	  Source: e.Source,
-//	  Metric: e.Metric,
-//	  Constraints: layout.Exact(e.Size),
-//	}
-//
-// NewContext calls ops.Reset and adjusts ops for e.Insets.
-func NewContext(ops *op.Ops, e FrameEvent) layout.Context {
-	ops.Reset()
-
-	size := e.Size
-
-	if e.Insets != (Insets{}) {
-		left := e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Left)
-		top := e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Top)
-		op.Offset(image.Point{
-			X: left,
-			Y: top,
-		}).Add(ops)
-
-		size.X -= left + e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Right)
-		size.Y -= top + e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Bottom)
-	}
-
-	return layout.Context{
-		Ops:         ops,
-		Now:         e.Now,
-		Source:      e.Source,
-		Metric:      e.Metric,
-		Constraints: layout.Exact(size),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -120,14 +33,14 @@ func DataDir() (string, error) {
 	return dataDir()
 }
 
-func (FrameEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
+// Main must be called last from the program main function.
-
+// On most platforms Main blocks forever, for Android and
-func init() {
+// iOS it returns immediately to give control of the main
-	if extraArgs != "" {
+// thread back to the system.
-		args := strings.Split(extraArgs, "|")
+//
-		os.Args = append(os.Args, args...)
+// Calling Main is necessary because some operating systems
-	}
+// require control of the main thread of the program for
-	if ID == "" {
+// running windows.
-		ID = filepath.Base(os.Args[0])
+func Main() {
-	}
+	osMain()
 }

app/d3d11_windows.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ type d3d11Context struct {
 	width, height int
 }
 
-const debugDirectX = false
+const debug = false
 
 func init() {
 	drivers = append(drivers, gpuAPI{
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func init() {
 		initializer: func(w *window) (context, error) {
 			hwnd, _, _ := w.HWND()
 			var flags uint32
-			if debugDirectX {
+			if debug {
 				flags |= d3d11.CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG
 			}
 			dev, ctx, _, err := d3d11.CreateDevice(
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ func (c *d3d11Context) RenderTarget() (gpu.RenderTarget, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *d3d11Context) Present() error {
-	return wrapErr(c.swchain.Present(1, 0))
+	err := c.swchain.Present(1, 0)
-}
+	if err == nil {
-
+		return nil
-func wrapErr(err error) error {
+	}
 	if err, ok := err.(d3d11.ErrorCode); ok {
 		switch err.Code {
 		case d3d11.DXGI_STATUS_OCCLUDED:
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (c *d3d11Context) Refresh() error {
 	}
 	c.releaseFBO()
 	if err := c.swchain.ResizeBuffers(0, 0, 0, d3d11.DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0); err != nil {
-		return wrapErr(err)
+		return err
 	}
 	c.width = width
 	c.height = height
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (c *d3d11Context) Release() {
 		d3d11.IUnknownRelease(unsafe.Pointer(c.dev), c.dev.Vtbl.Release)
 	}
 	*c = d3d11Context{}
-	if debugDirectX {
+	if debug {
 		d3d11.ReportLiveObjects()
 	}
 }

app/doc.go

@@ -6,22 +6,23 @@ functionality for running graphical user interfaces.
 
 See https://gioui.org for instructions to set up and run Gio programs.
 
-# Windows
+Windows
 
-A Window is run by calling its Event method in a loop. The first time a
+Create a new Window by calling NewWindow. On mobile platforms or when Gio
-method on Window is called, a new GUI window is created and shown. On mobile
+is embedded in another project, NewWindow merely connects with a previously
-platforms or when Gio is embedded in another project, Window merely connects
+created window.
-with a previously created GUI window.
 
-The most important event is [FrameEvent] that prompts an update of the window
+A Window is run by receiving events from its Events channel. The most
-contents.
+important event is FrameEvent that prompts an update of the window
+contents and state.
 
 For example:
 
-	w := new(app.Window)
+	import "gioui.org/unit"
-	for {
+
-		e := w.Event()
+	w := app.NewWindow()
-		if e, ok := e.(app.FrameEvent); ok {
+	for e := range w.Events() {
+		if e, ok := e.(system.FrameEvent); ok {
 			ops.Reset()
 			// Add operations to ops.
 			...
@@ -31,16 +32,38 @@ For example:
 	}
 
 A program must keep receiving events from the event channel until
-[DestroyEvent] is received.
+DestroyEvent is received.
 
-# Main Thread
+Main
 
-Some GUI platform need access to the main thread of the program. To avoid a
+The Main function must be called from a program's main function, to hand over
-deadlock on such platforms, at least one Window must have its Event method
+control of the main thread to operating systems that need it.
-called by the main goroutine. It doesn't have to be any particular Window;
-even a destroyed Window suffices.
 
-# Permissions
+Because Main is also blocking on some platforms, the event loop of a Window must run in a goroutine.
+
+For example, to display a blank but otherwise functional window:
+
+	package main
+
+	import "gioui.org/app"
+
+	func main() {
+		go func() {
+			w := app.NewWindow()
+			for range w.Events() {
+			}
+		}()
+		app.Main()
+	}
+
+
+Event queue
+
+A FrameEvent's Queue method returns an event.Queue implementation that distributes
+incoming events to the event handlers declared in the last frame.
+See the gioui.org/io/event package for more information about event handlers.
+
+Permissions
 
 The packages under gioui.org/app/permission should be imported
 by a Gio program or by one of its dependencies to indicate that specific

app/egl_android.go

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build !noopengl
-
 package app
 
 /*

app/egl_wayland.go

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd) && !nowayland && !noopengl
+//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd) && !nowayland
 // +build linux,!android freebsd
 // +build !nowayland
-// +build !noopengl
 
 package app
 
@@ -69,17 +68,7 @@ func (c *wlContext) Refresh() error {
 	}
 	c.eglWin = eglWin
 	eglSurf := egl.NativeWindowType(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(eglWin)))
-	if err := c.Context.CreateSurface(eglSurf, width, height); err != nil {
+	return c.Context.CreateSurface(eglSurf, width, height)
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := c.Context.MakeCurrent(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer c.Context.ReleaseCurrent()
-	// We're in charge of the frame callbacks, don't let eglSwapBuffers
-	// wait for callbacks that may never arrive.
-	c.Context.EnableVSync(false)
-	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *wlContext) Lock() error {

app/egl_windows.go

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build !noopengl
-
 package app
 
 import (

app/egl_x11.go

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd || openbsd) && !nox11 && !noopengl
+//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd || openbsd) && !nox11
 // +build linux,!android freebsd openbsd
 // +build !nox11
-// +build !noopengl
 
 package app
 
@@ -46,8 +45,8 @@ func (c *x11Context) Refresh() error {
 	if err := c.Context.MakeCurrent(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer c.Context.ReleaseCurrent()
 	c.Context.EnableVSync(true)
+	c.Context.ReleaseCurrent()
 	return nil
 }
 

app/gl_js.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 type glContext struct {
 	ctx js.Value
 	cnv js.Value
-	w   *window
 }
 
 func newContext(w *window) (*glContext, error) {
@@ -33,15 +32,11 @@ func newContext(w *window) (*glContext, error) {
 	c := &glContext{
 		ctx: ctx,
 		cnv: w.cnv,
-		w:   w,
 	}
 	return c, nil
 }
 
 func (c *glContext) RenderTarget() (gpu.RenderTarget, error) {
-	if c.w.contextStatus != contextStatusOkay {
-		return nil, gpu.ErrDeviceLost
-	}
 	return gpu.OpenGLRenderTarget{}, nil
 }
 
@@ -53,6 +48,9 @@ func (c *glContext) Release() {
 }
 
 func (c *glContext) Present() error {
+	if c.ctx.Call("isContextLost").Bool() {
+		return errors.New("context lost")
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -63,15 +61,7 @@ func (c *glContext) Lock() error {
 func (c *glContext) Unlock() {}
 
 func (c *glContext) Refresh() error {
-	switch c.w.contextStatus {
+	return nil
-	case contextStatusLost:
-		return errOutOfDate
-	case contextStatusRestored:
-		c.w.contextStatus = contextStatusOkay
-		return gpu.ErrDeviceLost
-	default:
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 func (w *window) NewContext() (context, error) {

app/gl_macos.go

@@ -16,9 +16,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 /*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -DGL_SILENCE_DEPRECATION -xobjective-c -fobjc-arc
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework OpenGL
-
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h>
 #include <AppKit/AppKit.h>

app/gl_macos.m

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 
 // +build darwin,!ios,nometal
 
-#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+@import AppKit;
+
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>
 #include "_cgo_export.h"

app/ime.go

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-package app
-
-import (
-	"unicode"
-	"unicode/utf16"
-
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
-	"gioui.org/io/key"
-)
-
-type editorState struct {
-	input.EditorState
-	compose key.Range
-}
-
-func (e *editorState) Replace(r key.Range, text string) {
-	if r.Start > r.End {
-		r.Start, r.End = r.End, r.Start
-	}
-	runes := []rune(text)
-	newEnd := r.Start + len(runes)
-	adjust := func(pos int) int {
-		switch {
-		case newEnd < pos && pos <= r.End:
-			return newEnd
-		case r.End < pos:
-			diff := newEnd - r.End
-			return pos + diff
-		}
-		return pos
-	}
-	e.Selection.Start = adjust(e.Selection.Start)
-	e.Selection.End = adjust(e.Selection.End)
-	if e.compose.Start != -1 {
-		e.compose.Start = adjust(e.compose.Start)
-		e.compose.End = adjust(e.compose.End)
-	}
-	s := e.Snippet
-	if r.End < s.Start || r.Start > s.End {
-		// Discard snippet if it doesn't overlap with replacement.
-		s = key.Snippet{
-			Range: key.Range{
-				Start: r.Start,
-				End:   r.Start,
-			},
-		}
-	}
-	var newSnippet []rune
-	snippet := []rune(s.Text)
-	// Append first part of existing snippet.
-	if end := r.Start - s.Start; end > 0 {
-		newSnippet = append(newSnippet, snippet[:end]...)
-	}
-	// Append replacement.
-	newSnippet = append(newSnippet, runes...)
-	// Append last part of existing snippet.
-	if start := r.End; start < s.End {
-		newSnippet = append(newSnippet, snippet[start-s.Start:]...)
-	}
-	// Adjust snippet range to include replacement.
-	if r.Start < s.Start {
-		s.Start = r.Start
-	}
-	s.End = s.Start + len(newSnippet)
-	s.Text = string(newSnippet)
-	e.Snippet = s
-}
-
-// UTF16Index converts the given index in runes into an index in utf16 characters.
-func (e *editorState) UTF16Index(runes int) int {
-	if runes == -1 {
-		return -1
-	}
-	if runes < e.Snippet.Start {
-		// Assume runes before sippet are one UTF-16 character each.
-		return runes
-	}
-	chars := e.Snippet.Start
-	runes -= e.Snippet.Start
-	for _, r := range e.Snippet.Text {
-		if runes == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		runes--
-		chars++
-		if r1, _ := utf16.EncodeRune(r); r1 != unicode.ReplacementChar {
-			chars++
-		}
-	}
-	// Assume runes after snippets are one UTF-16 character each.
-	return chars + runes
-}
-
-// RunesIndex converts the given index in utf16 characters to an index in runes.
-func (e *editorState) RunesIndex(chars int) int {
-	if chars == -1 {
-		return -1
-	}
-	if chars < e.Snippet.Start {
-		// Assume runes before offset are one UTF-16 character each.
-		return chars
-	}
-	runes := e.Snippet.Start
-	chars -= e.Snippet.Start
-	for _, r := range e.Snippet.Text {
-		if chars == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		chars--
-		runes++
-		if r1, _ := utf16.EncodeRune(r); r1 != unicode.ReplacementChar {
-			chars--
-		}
-	}
-	// Assume runes after snippets are one UTF-16 character each.
-	return runes + chars
-}

app/ime_test.go

@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
-	"gioui.org/font"
 	"gioui.org/font/gofont"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
+	"gioui.org/io/router"
 	"gioui.org/layout"
 	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/text"
@@ -29,14 +28,14 @@ func FuzzIME(f *testing.F) {
 	f.Add([]byte("20007800002\x02000"))
 	f.Add([]byte("200A02000990\x19002\x17\x0200"))
 	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, cmds []byte) {
-		cache := text.NewShaper(text.WithCollection(gofont.Collection()))
+		cache := text.NewCache(gofont.Collection())
 		e := new(widget.Editor)
+		e.Focus()
 
-		var r input.Router
+		var r router.Router
-		gtx := layout.Context{Ops: new(op.Ops), Source: r.Source()}
+		gtx := layout.Context{Ops: new(op.Ops), Queue: &r}
-		gtx.Execute(key.FocusCmd{Tag: e})
 		// Layout once to register focus.
-		e.Layout(gtx, cache, font.Font{}, unit.Sp(10), op.CallOp{}, op.CallOp{})
+		e.Layout(gtx, cache, text.Font{}, unit.Px(10), nil)
 		r.Frame(gtx.Ops)
 
 		var state editorState
@@ -104,32 +103,11 @@ func FuzzIME(f *testing.F) {
 				}
 			}
 			cmds = cmds[cmdLen:]
-			e.Layout(gtx, cache, font.Font{}, unit.Sp(10), op.CallOp{}, op.CallOp{})
+			e.Layout(gtx, cache, text.Font{}, unit.Px(10), nil)
 			r.Frame(gtx.Ops)
 			newState := r.EditorState()
 			// We don't track caret position.
 			state.Selection.Caret = newState.Selection.Caret
-			// Expanded snippets are ok.
-			their, our := newState.Snippet, state.EditorState.Snippet
-			beforeLen := 0
-			for before := our.Start - their.Start; before > 0; before-- {
-				_, n := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(their.Text[beforeLen:])
-				beforeLen += n
-			}
-			afterLen := 0
-			for after := their.End - our.End; after > 0; after-- {
-				_, n := utf8.DecodeLastRuneInString(their.Text[:len(their.Text)-afterLen])
-				afterLen += n
-			}
-			if beforeLen > 0 {
-				our.Text = their.Text[:beforeLen] + our.Text
-				our.Start = their.Start
-			}
-			if afterLen > 0 {
-				our.Text = our.Text + their.Text[len(their.Text)-afterLen:]
-				our.End = their.End
-			}
-			state.EditorState.Snippet = our
 			if newState != state.EditorState {
 				t.Errorf("IME state: %+v\neditor state: %+v", state.EditorState, newState)
 			}

app/internal/log/log.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+// Package points standard output, standard error and the standard
+// library package log to the platform logger.
+package log
+
+var appID = "gio"

app/internal/log/log_android.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-package app
+package log
 
 /*
 #cgo LDFLAGS: -llog
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 // 1024 is the truncation limit from android/log.h, plus a \n.
 const logLineLimit = 1024
 
-var logTag = C.CString(ID)
+var logTag = C.CString(appID)
 
 func init() {
 	// Android's logcat already includes timestamps.

app/internal/log/log_ios.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //go:build darwin && ios
 // +build darwin,ios
 
-package app
+package log
 
 /*
 #cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -fmodules -fobjc-arc -x objective-c

app/internal/log/log_windows.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-package app
+package log
 
 import (
 	"log"

app/internal/windows/windows.go

@@ -47,13 +47,6 @@ type WndClassEx struct {
 	HIconSm       syscall.Handle
 }
 
-type Margins struct {
-	CxLeftWidth    int32
-	CxRightWidth   int32
-	CyTopHeight    int32
-	CyBottomHeight int32
-}
-
 type Msg struct {
 	Hwnd     syscall.Handle
 	Message  uint32
@@ -76,21 +69,6 @@ type MinMaxInfo struct {
 	PtMaxTrackSize Point
 }
 
-type NCCalcSizeParams struct {
-	Rgrc  [3]Rect
-	LpPos *WindowPos
-}
-
-type WindowPos struct {
-	HWND            syscall.Handle
-	HWNDInsertAfter syscall.Handle
-	x               int32
-	y               int32
-	cx              int32
-	cy              int32
-	flags           uint32
-}
-
 type WindowPlacement struct {
 	length           uint32
 	flags            uint32
@@ -135,16 +113,7 @@ const (
 
 	HWND_TOPMOST = ^(uint32(1) - 1) // -1
 
-	HTCAPTION     = 2
+	HTCLIENT = 1
-	HTCLIENT      = 1
-	HTLEFT        = 10
-	HTRIGHT       = 11
-	HTTOP         = 12
-	HTTOPLEFT     = 13
-	HTTOPRIGHT    = 14
-	HTBOTTOM      = 15
-	HTBOTTOMLEFT  = 16
-	HTBOTTOMRIGHT = 17
 
 	IDC_APPSTARTING = 32650 // Standard arrow and small hourglass
 	IDC_ARROW       = 32512 // Standard arrow
@@ -177,16 +146,13 @@ const (
 
 	SCS_SETSTR = GCS_COMPREADSTR | GCS_COMPSTR
 
-	SM_CXSIZEFRAME = 32
-	SM_CYSIZEFRAME = 33
-
 	SW_SHOWDEFAULT   = 10
 	SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2
 	SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED = 3
 	SW_SHOWNORMAL    = 1
 	SW_SHOW          = 5
+	SWP_FRAMECHANGED = 0x0020
 
-	SWP_FRAMECHANGED  = 0x0020
 	SWP_NOMOVE        = 0x0002
 	SWP_NOOWNERZORDER = 0x0200
 	SWP_NOSIZE        = 0x0001
@@ -265,9 +231,6 @@ const (
 	WM_MOUSEMOVE            = 0x0200
 	WM_MOUSEWHEEL           = 0x020A
 	WM_MOUSEHWHEEL          = 0x020E
-	WM_NCACTIVATE           = 0x0086
-	WM_NCHITTEST            = 0x0084
-	WM_NCCALCSIZE           = 0x0083
 	WM_PAINT                = 0x000F
 	WM_QUIT                 = 0x0012
 	WM_SETCURSOR            = 0x0020
@@ -283,7 +246,7 @@ const (
 	WM_USER                 = 0x0400
 	WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED     = 0x0047
 
-	WS_CLIPCHILDREN     = 0x02000000
+	WS_CLIPCHILDREN     = 0x00010000
 	WS_CLIPSIBLINGS     = 0x04000000
 	WS_MAXIMIZE         = 0x01000000
 	WS_ICONIC           = 0x20000000
@@ -346,7 +309,6 @@ var (
 	_DispatchMessage             = user32.NewProc("DispatchMessageW")
 	_EmptyClipboard              = user32.NewProc("EmptyClipboard")
 	_GetWindowRect               = user32.NewProc("GetWindowRect")
-	_GetClientRect               = user32.NewProc("GetClientRect")
 	_GetClipboardData            = user32.NewProc("GetClipboardData")
 	_GetDC                       = user32.NewProc("GetDC")
 	_GetDpiForWindow             = user32.NewProc("GetDpiForWindow")
@@ -354,7 +316,6 @@ var (
 	_GetMessage                  = user32.NewProc("GetMessageW")
 	_GetMessageTime              = user32.NewProc("GetMessageTime")
 	_GetMonitorInfo              = user32.NewProc("GetMonitorInfoW")
-	_GetSystemMetrics            = user32.NewProc("GetSystemMetrics")
 	_GetWindowLong               = user32.NewProc("GetWindowLongPtrW")
 	_GetWindowLong32             = user32.NewProc("GetWindowLongW")
 	_GetWindowPlacement          = user32.NewProc("GetWindowPlacement")
@@ -403,9 +364,6 @@ var (
 	_ImmReleaseContext       = imm32.NewProc("ImmReleaseContext")
 	_ImmSetCandidateWindow   = imm32.NewProc("ImmSetCandidateWindow")
 	_ImmSetCompositionWindow = imm32.NewProc("ImmSetCompositionWindow")
-
-	dwmapi                        = syscall.NewLazySystemDLL("dwmapi")
-	_DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea = dwmapi.NewProc("DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea")
 )
 
 func AdjustWindowRectEx(r *Rect, dwStyle uint32, bMenu int, dwExStyle uint32) {
@@ -457,14 +415,6 @@ func DispatchMessage(m *Msg) {
 	_DispatchMessage.Call(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(m)))
 }
 
-func DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(hwnd syscall.Handle, margins Margins) error {
-	r, _, _ := _DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&margins)))
-	if r != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea: %#x", r)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func EmptyClipboard() error {
 	r, _, err := _EmptyClipboard.Call()
 	if r == 0 {
@@ -479,12 +429,6 @@ func GetWindowRect(hwnd syscall.Handle) Rect {
 	return r
 }
 
-func GetClientRect(hwnd syscall.Handle) Rect {
-	var r Rect
-	_GetClientRect.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&r)))
-	return r
-}
-
 func GetClipboardData(format uint32) (syscall.Handle, error) {
 	r, _, err := _GetClipboardData.Call(uintptr(format))
 	if r == 0 {
@@ -555,11 +499,6 @@ func GetMessageTime() time.Duration {
 	return time.Duration(r) * time.Millisecond
 }
 
-func GetSystemMetrics(nIndex int) int {
-	r, _, _ := _GetSystemMetrics.Call(uintptr(nIndex))
-	return int(r)
-}
-
 // GetWindowDPI returns the effective DPI of the window.
 func GetWindowDPI(hwnd syscall.Handle) int {
 	// Check for GetDpiForWindow, introduced in Windows 10.

app/internal/xkb/xkb_unix.go

@@ -136,10 +136,6 @@ func (x *Context) LoadKeymap(format int, fd int, size int) error {
 
 func (x *Context) Modifiers() key.Modifiers {
 	var mods key.Modifiers
-	if x.state == nil {
-		return mods
-	}
-
 	if C.xkb_state_mod_name_is_active(x.state, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&_XKB_MOD_NAME_CTRL[0])), C.XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE) == 1 {
 		mods |= key.ModCtrl
 	}
@@ -223,9 +219,6 @@ func (x *Context) charsForKeycode(keyCode C.xkb_keycode_t) []byte {
 }
 
 func (x *Context) IsRepeatKey(keyCode uint32) bool {
-	if x.state == nil {
-		return false
-	}
 	kc := C.xkb_keycode_t(keyCode)
 	return C.xkb_keymap_key_repeats(x.keyMap, kc) == 1
 }
@@ -238,17 +231,14 @@ func (x *Context) UpdateMask(depressed, latched, locked, depressedGroup, latched
 		C.xkb_layout_index_t(depressedGroup), C.xkb_layout_index_t(latchedGroup), C.xkb_layout_index_t(lockedGroup))
 }
 
-func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
+func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (string, bool) {
 	if 'a' <= s && s <= 'z' {
-		return key.Name(rune(s - 'a' + 'A')), true
+		return string(rune(s - 'a' + 'A')), true
-	}
-	if C.XKB_KEY_KP_0 <= s && s <= C.XKB_KEY_KP_9 {
-		return key.Name(rune(s - C.XKB_KEY_KP_0 + '0')), true
 	}
 	if ' ' < s && s <= '~' {
-		return key.Name(rune(s)), true
+		return string(rune(s)), true
 	}
-	var n key.Name
+	var n string
 	switch s {
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Escape:
 		n = key.NameEscape
@@ -258,6 +248,8 @@ func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameRightArrow
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Return:
 		n = key.NameReturn
+	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Enter:
+		n = key.NameEnter
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Up:
 		n = key.NameUpArrow
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Down:
@@ -298,9 +290,9 @@ func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameF11
 	case C.XKB_KEY_F12:
 		n = key.NameF12
-	case C.XKB_KEY_Tab, C.XKB_KEY_ISO_Left_Tab:
+	case C.XKB_KEY_Tab, C.XKB_KEY_KP_Tab, C.XKB_KEY_ISO_Left_Tab:
 		n = key.NameTab
-	case 0x20:
+	case 0x20, C.XKB_KEY_KP_Space:
 		n = key.NameSpace
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Control_L, C.XKB_KEY_Control_R:
 		n = key.NameCtrl
@@ -310,64 +302,6 @@ func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameAlt
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Super_L, C.XKB_KEY_Super_R:
 		n = key.NameSuper
-
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Space:
-		n = key.NameSpace
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Tab:
-		n = key.NameTab
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Enter:
-		n = key.NameEnter
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F1:
-		n = key.NameF1
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F2:
-		n = key.NameF2
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F3:
-		n = key.NameF3
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F4:
-		n = key.NameF4
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Home:
-		n = key.NameHome
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Left:
-		n = key.NameLeftArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Up:
-		n = key.NameUpArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Right:
-		n = key.NameRightArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Down:
-		n = key.NameDownArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Prior:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Next:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_End:
-		n = key.NameEnd
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Begin:
-		n = key.NameHome
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Insert:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Delete:
-		n = key.NameDeleteForward
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Multiply:
-		n = "*"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Add:
-		n = "+"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Separator:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Subtract:
-		n = "-"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Decimal:
-		// TODO(dh): does a German keyboard layout also translate the numpad key to XKB_KEY_KP_DECIMAL? Because in
-		// German, the decimal is a comma, not a period.
-		n = "."
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Divide:
-		n = "/"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Equal:
-		n = "="
-
 	default:
 		return "", false
 	}

app/metal_darwin.go

@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 /*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fobjc-arc
+#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fmodules -fobjc-arc
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework QuartzCore -framework Metal
 
-#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+@import Metal;
-#import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+@import QuartzCore.CAMetalLayer;
 
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 
@@ -60,9 +59,8 @@ static void presentDrawable(CFTypeRef queueRef, CFTypeRef drawableRef) {
 		id<MTLDrawable> drawable = (__bridge id<MTLDrawable>)drawableRef;
 		id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = (__bridge id<MTLCommandQueue>)queueRef;
 		id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmdBuffer = [queue commandBuffer];
+		[cmdBuffer presentDrawable:drawable];
 		[cmdBuffer commit];
-		[cmdBuffer waitUntilScheduled];
-		[drawable present];
 	}
 }
 

app/metal_ios.go

@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@ Class gio_layerClass(void) {
 static CFTypeRef getMetalLayer(CFTypeRef viewRef) {
 	@autoreleasepool {
 		UIView *view = (__bridge UIView *)viewRef;
-		CAMetalLayer *l = (CAMetalLayer *)view.layer;
+		return CFBridgingRetain(view.layer);
-		l.needsDisplayOnBoundsChange = YES;
-		l.presentsWithTransaction = YES;
-		return CFBridgingRetain(l);
 	}
 }
 

app/metal_macos.go

@@ -6,19 +6,17 @@
 package app
 
 /*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fobjc-arc
+#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fmodules -fobjc-arc
+
+@import AppKit;
+
+@import QuartzCore.CAMetalLayer;
 
-#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
-#import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 
 CALayer *gio_layerFactory(void) {
 	@autoreleasepool {
-		CAMetalLayer *l = [CAMetalLayer layer];
+		return [CAMetalLayer layer];
-		l.autoresizingMask = kCALayerHeightSizable|kCALayerWidthSizable;
-		l.needsDisplayOnBoundsChange = YES;
-		l.presentsWithTransaction = YES;
-		return l;
 	}
 }
 

app/os.go

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
 
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 
 	"gioui.org/gpu"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
@@ -43,13 +41,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	// CustomRenderer is true when the window content is rendered by the
 	// client.
 	CustomRenderer bool
+	// center is a flag used to center the window. Set by option.
+	center bool
 	// Decorated reports whether window decorations are provided automatically.
 	Decorated bool
-	// Focused reports whether has the keyboard focus.
-	Focused bool
-	// decoHeight is the height of the fallback decoration for platforms such
-	// as Wayland that may need fallback client-side decorations.
-	decoHeight unit.Dp
 }
 
 // ConfigEvent is sent whenever the configuration of a Window changes.
@@ -135,30 +130,8 @@ func (o Orientation) String() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// eventLoop implements the functionality required for drivers where
-// window event loops must run on a separate thread.
-type eventLoop struct {
-	win *callbacks
-	// wakeup is the callback to wake up the event loop.
-	wakeup func()
-	// driverFuncs is a channel of functions to run the next
-	// time the window loop waits for events.
-	driverFuncs chan func()
-	// invalidates is notified when an invalidate is requested by the client.
-	invalidates chan struct{}
-	// immediateInvalidates is an optimistic invalidates that doesn't require a wakeup.
-	immediateInvalidates chan struct{}
-	// events is where the platform backend delivers events bound for the
-	// user program.
-	events   chan event.Event
-	frames   chan *op.Ops
-	frameAck chan struct{}
-	// delivering avoids re-entrant event delivery.
-	delivering bool
-}
-
 type frameEvent struct {
-	FrameEvent
+	system.FrameEvent
 
 	Sync bool
 }
@@ -173,19 +146,9 @@ type context interface {
 	Unlock()
 }
 
-// basicDriver is the subset of [driver] that may be called even after
+// Driver is the interface for the platform implementation
-// a window is destroyed.
-type basicDriver interface {
-	// Event blocks until an even is available and returns it.
-	Event() event.Event
-	// Invalidate requests a FrameEvent.
-	Invalidate()
-}
-
-// driver is the interface for the platform implementation
 // of a window.
 type driver interface {
-	basicDriver
 	// SetAnimating sets the animation flag. When the window is animating,
 	// FrameEvents are delivered as fast as the display can handle them.
 	SetAnimating(anim bool)
@@ -196,29 +159,27 @@ type driver interface {
 	// ReadClipboard requests the clipboard content.
 	ReadClipboard()
 	// WriteClipboard requests a clipboard write.
-	WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte)
+	WriteClipboard(s string)
 	// Configure the window.
 	Configure([]Option)
 	// SetCursor updates the current cursor to name.
 	SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor)
+	// Raise the window at the top.
+	Raise()
+	// Close the window.
+	Close()
 	// Wakeup wakes up the event loop and sends a WakeupEvent.
-	// Wakeup()
+	Wakeup()
 	// Perform actions on the window.
 	Perform(system.Action)
 	// EditorStateChanged notifies the driver that the editor state changed.
 	EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState)
-	// Run a function on the window thread.
-	Run(f func())
-	// Frame receives a frame.
-	Frame(frame *op.Ops)
-	// ProcessEvent processes an event.
-	ProcessEvent(e event.Event)
 }
 
 type windowRendezvous struct {
-	in      chan windowAndConfig
+	in   chan windowAndConfig
-	out     chan windowAndConfig
+	out  chan windowAndConfig
-	windows chan struct{}
+	errs chan error
 }
 
 type windowAndConfig struct {
@@ -228,137 +189,32 @@ type windowAndConfig struct {
 
 func newWindowRendezvous() *windowRendezvous {
 	wr := &windowRendezvous{
-		in:      make(chan windowAndConfig),
+		in:   make(chan windowAndConfig),
-		out:     make(chan windowAndConfig),
+		out:  make(chan windowAndConfig),
-		windows: make(chan struct{}),
+		errs: make(chan error),
 	}
 	go func() {
-		in := wr.in
+		var main windowAndConfig
-		var window windowAndConfig
 		var out chan windowAndConfig
 		for {
 			select {
-			case w := <-in:
+			case w := <-wr.in:
-				window = w
+				var err error
+				if main.window != nil {
+					err = errors.New("multiple windows are not supported")
+				}
+				wr.errs <- err
+				main = w
 				out = wr.out
-			case out <- window:
+			case out <- main:
 			}
 		}
 	}()
 	return wr
 }
 
-func newEventLoop(w *callbacks, wakeup func()) *eventLoop {
+func (wakeupEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-	return &eventLoop{
+func (ConfigEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-		win:                  w,
-		wakeup:               wakeup,
-		events:               make(chan event.Event),
-		invalidates:          make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		immediateInvalidates: make(chan struct{}),
-		frames:               make(chan *op.Ops),
-		frameAck:             make(chan struct{}),
-		driverFuncs:          make(chan func(), 1),
-	}
-}
-
-// Frame receives a frame and waits for its processing. It is called by
-// the client goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	e.frames <- frame
-	<-e.frameAck
-}
-
-// Event returns the next available event. It is called by the client
-// goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Event() event.Event {
-	for {
-		evt := <-e.events
-		// Receiving a flushEvent indicates to the platform backend that
-		// all previous events have been processed by the user program.
-		if _, ok := evt.(flushEvent); ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		return evt
-	}
-}
-
-// Invalidate requests invalidation of the window. It is called by the client
-// goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Invalidate() {
-	select {
-	case e.immediateInvalidates <- struct{}{}:
-		// The event loop was waiting, no need for a wakeup.
-	case e.invalidates <- struct{}{}:
-		// The event loop is sleeping, wake it up.
-		e.wakeup()
-	default:
-		// A redraw is pending.
-	}
-}
-
-// Run f in the window loop thread. It is called by the client goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Run(f func()) {
-	e.driverFuncs <- f
-	e.wakeup()
-}
-
-// FlushEvents delivers pending events to the client.
-func (e *eventLoop) FlushEvents() {
-	if e.delivering {
-		return
-	}
-	e.delivering = true
-	defer func() { e.delivering = false }()
-	for {
-		evt, ok := e.win.nextEvent()
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-		e.deliverEvent(evt)
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *eventLoop) deliverEvent(evt event.Event) {
-	var frames <-chan *op.Ops
-	for {
-		select {
-		case f := <-e.driverFuncs:
-			f()
-		case frame := <-frames:
-			// The client called FrameEvent.Frame.
-			frames = nil
-			e.win.ProcessFrame(frame, e.frameAck)
-		case e.events <- evt:
-			switch evt.(type) {
-			case flushEvent, DestroyEvent:
-				// DestroyEvents are not flushed.
-				return
-			case FrameEvent:
-				frames = e.frames
-			}
-			evt = theFlushEvent
-		case <-e.invalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		case <-e.immediateInvalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *eventLoop) Wakeup() {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case f := <-e.driverFuncs:
-			f()
-		case <-e.invalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		case <-e.immediateInvalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		default:
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
 
 func walkActions(actions system.Action, do func(system.Action)) {
 	for a := system.Action(1); actions != 0; a <<= 1 {
@@ -368,6 +224,3 @@ func walkActions(actions system.Action, do func(system.Action)) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func (wakeupEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-func (ConfigEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}

app/os_android.go

@@ -123,57 +123,51 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
-	"io"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/cgo"
 	"runtime/debug"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf16"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
+	"gioui.org/io/router"
 	"gioui.org/io/semantic"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
 type window struct {
 	callbacks *callbacks
-	loop      *eventLoop
 
 	view   C.jobject
 	handle cgo.Handle
 
 	dpi       int
 	fontScale float32
-	insets    pixelInsets
+	insets    system.Insets
 
-	visible   bool
+	stage     system.Stage
 	started   bool
 	animating bool
 
-	win       *C.ANativeWindow
+	win    *C.ANativeWindow
-	config    Config
+	config Config
-	inputHint key.InputHint
 
 	semantic struct {
-		hoverID input.SemanticID
+		hoverID router.SemanticID
-		rootID  input.SemanticID
+		rootID  router.SemanticID
-		focusID input.SemanticID
+		focusID router.SemanticID
-		diffs   []input.SemanticID
+		diffs   []router.SemanticID
 	}
 }
 
@@ -201,13 +195,9 @@ var gioView struct {
 	updateCaret        C.jmethodID
 }
 
-type pixelInsets struct {
+// ViewEvent is sent whenever the Window's underlying Android view
-	top, bottom, left, right int
-}
-
-// AndroidViewEvent is sent whenever the Window's underlying Android view
 // changes.
-type AndroidViewEvent struct {
+type ViewEvent struct {
 	// View is a JNI global reference to the android.view.View
 	// instance backing the Window. The reference is valid until
 	// the next ViewEvent is received.
@@ -320,7 +310,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 func (w *window) NewContext() (context, error) {
-	funcs := []func(w *window) (context, error){newAndroidGLESContext, newAndroidVulkanContext}
+	funcs := []func(w *window) (context, error){newAndroidVulkanContext, newAndroidGLESContext}
 	var firstErr error
 	for _, f := range funcs {
 		if f == nil {
@@ -344,6 +334,20 @@ func (w *window) NewContext() (context, error) {
 func dataDir() (string, error) {
 	dataDirOnce.Do(func() {
 		dataPath = <-dataDirChan
+		// Set XDG_CACHE_HOME to make os.UserCacheDir work.
+		if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CACHE_HOME"); !exists {
+			cachePath := filepath.Join(dataPath, "cache")
+			os.Setenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", cachePath)
+		}
+		// Set XDG_CONFIG_HOME to make os.UserConfigDir work.
+		if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME"); !exists {
+			cfgPath := filepath.Join(dataPath, "config")
+			os.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", cfgPath)
+		}
+		// Set HOME to make os.UserHomeDir work.
+		if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("HOME"); !exists {
+			os.Setenv("HOME", dataPath)
+		}
 	})
 	return dataPath, nil
 }
@@ -381,22 +385,6 @@ func Java_org_gioui_Gio_runGoMain(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, jdataDir C.jbyt
 	}
 	n := C.jni_GetArrayLength(env, jdataDir)
 	dataDir := C.GoStringN((*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(dirBytes)), n)
-
-	// Set XDG_CACHE_HOME to make os.UserCacheDir work.
-	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CACHE_HOME"); !exists {
-		cachePath := filepath.Join(dataDir, "cache")
-		os.Setenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", cachePath)
-	}
-	// Set XDG_CONFIG_HOME to make os.UserConfigDir work.
-	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME"); !exists {
-		cfgPath := filepath.Join(dataDir, "config")
-		os.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", cfgPath)
-	}
-	// Set HOME to make os.UserHomeDir work.
-	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("HOME"); !exists {
-		os.Setenv("HOME", dataDir)
-	}
-
 	dataDirChan <- dataDir
 	C.jni_ReleaseByteArrayElements(env, jdataDir, dirBytes)
 
@@ -491,30 +479,24 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onCreateView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.j
 	})
 	view = C.jni_NewGlobalRef(env, view)
 	wopts := <-mainWindow.out
-	var cnf Config
 	w, ok := windows[wopts.window]
 	if !ok {
 		w = &window{
 			callbacks: wopts.window,
 		}
-		w.loop = newEventLoop(w.callbacks, w.wakeup)
-		w.callbacks.SetDriver(w)
-		cnf.apply(unit.Metric{}, wopts.options)
 		windows[wopts.window] = w
-	} else {
-		cnf = w.config
 	}
-	mainWindow.windows <- struct{}{}
 	if w.view != 0 {
 		w.detach(env)
 	}
 	w.view = view
-	w.visible = false
 	w.handle = cgo.NewHandle(w)
+	w.callbacks.SetDriver(w)
 	w.loadConfig(env, class)
-	w.setConfig(env, cnf)
+	w.Configure(wopts.options)
-	w.SetInputHint(w.inputHint)
+	w.SetInputHint(key.HintAny)
-	w.processEvent(AndroidViewEvent{View: uintptr(view)})
+	w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
+	w.callbacks.Event(ViewEvent{View: uintptr(view)})
 	return C.jlong(w.handle)
 }
 
@@ -528,7 +510,7 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onDestroyView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onStopView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
 	w.started = false
-	w.visible = false
+	w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onStartView
@@ -544,7 +526,7 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onStartView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onSurfaceDestroyed(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
 	w.win = nil
-	w.visible = false
+	w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onSurfaceChanged
@@ -566,7 +548,9 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onLowMemory(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass) {
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onConfigurationChanged(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
 	w.loadConfig(env, class)
-	w.draw(env, true)
+	if w.stage >= system.StageRunning {
+		w.draw(env, true)
+	}
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFrameCallback
@@ -575,7 +559,10 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFrameCallback(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view
 	if !exist {
 		return
 	}
-	if w.visible && w.animating {
+	if w.stage < system.StageRunning {
+		return
+	}
+	if w.animating {
 		w.draw(env, false)
 		callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.postFrameCallback)
 	}
@@ -584,7 +571,9 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFrameCallback(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onBack
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onBack(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong) C.jboolean {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
-	if w.processEvent(key.Event{Name: key.NameBack}) {
+	ev := &system.CommandEvent{Type: system.CommandBack}
+	w.callbacks.Event(ev)
+	if ev.Cancel {
 		return C.JNI_TRUE
 	}
 	return C.JNI_FALSE
@@ -593,20 +582,21 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onBack(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong)
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFocusChange
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFocusChange(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong, focus C.jboolean) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
-	w.config.Focused = focus == C.JNI_TRUE
+	w.callbacks.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: focus == C.JNI_TRUE})
-	w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onWindowInsets
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onWindowInsets(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong, top, right, bottom, left C.jint) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
-	w.insets = pixelInsets{
+	w.insets = system.Insets{
-		top:    int(top),
+		Top:    unit.Px(float32(top)),
-		bottom: int(bottom),
+		Bottom: unit.Px(float32(bottom)),
-		left:   int(left),
+		Left:   unit.Px(float32(left)),
-		right:  int(right),
+		Right:  unit.Px(float32(right)),
+	}
+	if w.stage >= system.StageRunning {
+		w.draw(env, true)
 	}
-	w.draw(env, true)
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_initializeAccessibilityNodeInfo
@@ -667,35 +657,7 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onClearA11yFocus(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
+func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem router.SemanticNode, off image.Point, info C.jobject) error {
-	w.processEvent(e)
-}
-
-func (w *window) processEvent(e event.Event) bool {
-	if !w.callbacks.ProcessEvent(e) {
-		return false
-	}
-	w.loop.FlushEvents()
-	return true
-}
-
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
-	return w.loop.Event()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	w.loop.Invalidate()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	w.loop.Run(f)
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.loop.Frame(frame)
-}
-
-func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem input.SemanticNode, off image.Point, info C.jobject) error {
 	for _, ch := range sem.Children {
 		err := callVoidMethod(env, info, android.accessibilityNodeInfo.addChild, jvalue(w.view), jvalue(w.virtualIDFor(ch.ID)))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -738,7 +700,7 @@ func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem input.SemanticNode
 			panic(err)
 		}
 	}
-	if d.Gestures&input.ClickGesture != 0 {
+	if d.Gestures&router.ClickGesture != 0 {
 		addAction(ACTION_CLICK)
 	}
 	clsName := android.strings.androidViewView
@@ -783,23 +745,25 @@ func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem input.SemanticNode
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (w *window) virtualIDFor(id input.SemanticID) C.jint {
+func (w *window) virtualIDFor(id router.SemanticID) C.jint {
+	// TODO: Android virtual IDs are 32-bit Java integers, but childID is a int64.
 	if id == w.semantic.rootID {
 		return HOST_VIEW_ID
 	}
 	return C.jint(id)
 }
 
-func (w *window) semIDFor(virtID C.jint) input.SemanticID {
+func (w *window) semIDFor(virtID C.jint) router.SemanticID {
 	if virtID == HOST_VIEW_ID {
 		return w.semantic.rootID
 	}
-	return input.SemanticID(virtID)
+	return router.SemanticID(virtID)
 }
 
 func (w *window) detach(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 	callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.unregister)
-	w.processEvent(AndroidViewEvent{})
+	w.callbacks.Event(ViewEvent{})
+	w.callbacks.SetDriver(nil)
 	w.handle.Delete()
 	C.jni_DeleteGlobalRef(env, w.view)
 	w.view = 0
@@ -810,10 +774,18 @@ func (w *window) setVisible(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 	if width == 0 || height == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	w.visible = true
+	w.setStage(system.StageRunning)
 	w.draw(env, true)
 }
 
+func (w *window) setStage(stage system.Stage) {
+	if stage == w.stage {
+		return
+	}
+	w.stage = stage
+	w.callbacks.Event(system.StageEvent{stage})
+}
+
 func (w *window) setVisual(visID int) error {
 	if C.ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(w.win, 0, 0, C.int32_t(visID)) != 0 {
 		return errors.New("ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry failed")
@@ -850,31 +822,21 @@ func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
 }
 
 func (w *window) draw(env *C.JNIEnv, sync bool) {
-	if !w.visible {
-		return
-	}
 	size := image.Pt(int(C.ANativeWindow_getWidth(w.win)), int(C.ANativeWindow_getHeight(w.win)))
 	if size != w.config.Size {
 		w.config.Size = size
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.callbacks.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
 	if size.X == 0 || size.Y == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	const inchPrDp = 1.0 / 160
 	ppdp := float32(w.dpi) * inchPrDp
-	dppp := unit.Dp(1.0 / ppdp)
+	w.callbacks.Event(frameEvent{
-	insets := Insets{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
-		Top:    unit.Dp(w.insets.top) * dppp,
-		Bottom: unit.Dp(w.insets.bottom) * dppp,
-		Left:   unit.Dp(w.insets.left) * dppp,
-		Right:  unit.Dp(w.insets.right) * dppp,
-	}
-	w.processEvent(frameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
 			Now:    time.Now(),
 			Size:   w.config.Size,
-			Insets: insets,
+			Insets: w.insets,
 			Metric: unit.Metric{
 				PxPerDp: ppdp,
 				PxPerSp: w.fontScale * ppdp,
@@ -905,6 +867,8 @@ func (w *window) draw(env *C.JNIEnv, sync bool) {
 	}
 }
 
+type keyMapper func(devId, keyCode C.int32_t) rune
+
 func runInJVM(jvm *C.JavaVM, f func(env *C.JNIEnv)) {
 	if jvm == nil {
 		panic("nil JVM")
@@ -925,8 +889,8 @@ func runInJVM(jvm *C.JavaVM, f func(env *C.JNIEnv)) {
 	f(env)
 }
 
-func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (key.Name, bool) {
+func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (string, bool) {
-	var n key.Name
+	var n string
 	switch code {
 	case C.AKEYCODE_FORWARD_DEL:
 		n = key.NameDeleteForward
@@ -944,14 +908,6 @@ func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameAlt
 	case C.AKEYCODE_META_LEFT, C.AKEYCODE_META_RIGHT:
 		n = key.NameSuper
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_UP:
-		n = key.NameUpArrow
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN:
-		n = key.NameDownArrow
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT:
-		n = key.NameLeftArrow
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT:
-		n = key.NameRightArrow
 	default:
 		return "", false
 	}
@@ -961,16 +917,26 @@ func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (key.Name, bool) {
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onKeyEvent
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onKeyEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong, keyCode, r C.jint, pressed C.jboolean, t C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
-	if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE && keyCode == C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER {
+	if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE {
-		w.callbacks.ClickFocus()
+		switch keyCode {
-		return
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_UP:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusUp)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusDown)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusLeft)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusRight)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER:
+			w.callbacks.ClickFocus()
+		}
 	}
 	if n, ok := convertKeyCode(keyCode); ok {
 		state := key.Release
 		if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE {
 			state = key.Press
 		}
-		w.processEvent(key.Event{Name: n, State: state})
+		w.callbacks.Event(key.Event{Name: n, State: state})
 	}
 	if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE && r != 0 && r != '\n' { // Checking for "\n" to prevent duplication with key.NameEnter (gio#224).
 		w.callbacks.EditorInsert(string(rune(r)))
@@ -980,18 +946,18 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onKeyEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.j
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onTouchEvent
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onTouchEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong, action, pointerID, tool C.jint, x, y, scrollX, scrollY C.jfloat, jbtns C.jint, t C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
-	var kind pointer.Kind
+	var typ pointer.Type
 	switch action {
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
-		kind = pointer.Press
+		typ = pointer.Press
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP:
-		kind = pointer.Release
+		typ = pointer.Release
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL:
-		kind = pointer.Cancel
+		typ = pointer.Cancel
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
-		kind = pointer.Move
+		typ = pointer.Move
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL:
-		kind = pointer.Scroll
+		typ = pointer.Scroll
 	default:
 		return
 	}
@@ -1020,8 +986,8 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onTouchEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C
 	default:
 		return
 	}
-	w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.callbacks.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    src,
 		Buttons:   btns,
 		PointerID: pointer.ID(pointerID),
@@ -1091,12 +1057,6 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_imeSnippetStart(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handl
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_imeSetSnippet
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_imeSetSnippet(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong, start, end C.jint) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
-	if start < 0 {
-		start = 0
-	}
-	if end < start {
-		end = start
-	}
 	r := key.Range{Start: int(start), End: int(end)}
 	w.callbacks.SetEditorSnippet(r)
 }
@@ -1172,41 +1132,22 @@ func (w *window) ShowTextInput(show bool) {
 }
 
 func (w *window) SetInputHint(mode key.InputHint) {
-	w.inputHint = mode
-
 	// Constants defined at https://developer.android.com/reference/android/text/InputType.
 	const (
-		TYPE_NULL = 0
+		TYPE_NULL                            = 0
-
+		TYPE_CLASS_TEXT                      = 1
-		TYPE_CLASS_TEXT                   = 1
+		TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER                    = 2
-		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 32
+		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL             = 8192
-		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI           = 16
+		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED              = 4096
-		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD      = 128
+		TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS        = 524288
-		TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES      = 16384
+		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD = 144
-		TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT       = 32768
-
-		TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER        = 2
-		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL = 8192
-		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED  = 4096
-
-		TYPE_CLASS_PHONE = 3
 	)
 
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 		var m jvalue
 		switch mode {
-		case key.HintText:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT | TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES
 		case key.HintNumeric:
 			m = TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER | TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL | TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED
-		case key.HintEmail:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS
-		case key.HintURL:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI
-		case key.HintTelephone:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_PHONE
-		case key.HintPassword:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD
 		default:
 			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT
 		}
@@ -1317,14 +1258,17 @@ func findClass(env *C.JNIEnv, name string) C.jclass {
 	return C.jni_FindClass(env, cn)
 }
 
-func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func osMain() {
-	mainWindow.in <- windowAndConfig{window, options}
-	<-mainWindow.windows
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) error {
+	mainWindow.in <- windowAndConfig{window, options}
+	return <-mainWindow.errs
+}
+
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
-		jstr := javaString(env, string(s))
+		jstr := javaString(env, s)
 		callStaticVoidMethod(env, android.gioCls, android.mwriteClipboard,
 			jvalue(android.appCtx), jvalue(jstr))
 	})
@@ -1338,68 +1282,62 @@ func (w *window) ReadClipboard() {
 			return
 		}
 		content := goString(env, C.jstring(c))
-		w.processEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
+		w.callbacks.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: content})
-			Type: "application/text",
-			Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(content))
-			},
-		})
 	})
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
-	cnf := w.config
-	cnf.apply(unit.Metric{}, options)
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
-		w.setConfig(env, cnf)
+		prev := w.config
+		cnf := w.config
+		cnf.apply(unit.Metric{}, options)
+		// Decorations are never disabled.
+		cnf.Decorated = true
+
+		if prev.Orientation != cnf.Orientation {
+			w.config.Orientation = cnf.Orientation
+			setOrientation(env, w.view, cnf.Orientation)
+		}
+		if prev.NavigationColor != cnf.NavigationColor {
+			w.config.NavigationColor = cnf.NavigationColor
+			setNavigationColor(env, w.view, cnf.NavigationColor)
+		}
+		if prev.StatusColor != cnf.StatusColor {
+			w.config.StatusColor = cnf.StatusColor
+			setStatusColor(env, w.view, cnf.StatusColor)
+		}
+		if prev.Mode != cnf.Mode {
+			switch cnf.Mode {
+			case Fullscreen:
+				callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_TRUE)
+				w.config.Mode = Fullscreen
+			case Windowed:
+				callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_FALSE)
+				w.config.Mode = Windowed
+			}
+		}
+		if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
+			w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
+		}
+		if w.config != prev {
+			w.callbacks.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		}
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) setConfig(env *C.JNIEnv, cnf Config) {
-	prev := w.config
-	// Decorations are never disabled.
-	cnf.Decorated = true
-
-	if prev.Orientation != cnf.Orientation {
-		w.config.Orientation = cnf.Orientation
-		setOrientation(env, w.view, cnf.Orientation)
-	}
-	if prev.NavigationColor != cnf.NavigationColor {
-		w.config.NavigationColor = cnf.NavigationColor
-		setNavigationColor(env, w.view, cnf.NavigationColor)
-	}
-	if prev.StatusColor != cnf.StatusColor {
-		w.config.StatusColor = cnf.StatusColor
-		setStatusColor(env, w.view, cnf.StatusColor)
-	}
-	if prev.Mode != cnf.Mode {
-		switch cnf.Mode {
-		case Fullscreen:
-			callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_TRUE)
-			w.config.Mode = Fullscreen
-		case Windowed:
-			callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_FALSE)
-			w.config.Mode = Windowed
-		}
-	}
-	if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
-		w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
-	}
-	w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
-}
-
 func (w *window) Perform(system.Action) {}
 
+func (w *window) Raise() {}
+
 func (w *window) SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor) {
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 		setCursor(env, w.view, cursor)
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) wakeup() {
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
 	runOnMain(func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
-		w.loop.Wakeup()
+		w.callbacks.Event(wakeupEvent{})
-		w.loop.FlushEvents()
 	})
 }
 
@@ -1468,6 +1406,9 @@ func setNavigationColor(env *C.JNIEnv, view C.jobject, color color.NRGBA) {
 	)
 }
 
+// Close the window. Not implemented for Android.
+func (w *window) Close() {}
+
 // runOnMain runs a function on the Java main thread.
 func runOnMain(f func(env *C.JNIEnv)) {
 	go func() {
@@ -1490,5 +1431,4 @@ func Java_org_gioui_Gio_scheduleMainFuncs(env *C.JNIEnv, cls C.jclass) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (AndroidViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
+func (_ ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-func (AndroidViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}

app/os_darwin.go

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ package app
 #include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_wakeupMainThread(void);
-__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(void);
+__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(uintptr_t handle);
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_releaseDisplayLink(CFTypeRef dl);
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) int gio_startDisplayLink(CFTypeRef dl);
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) int gio_stopDisplayLink(CFTypeRef dl);
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_hideCursor();
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_showCursor();
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID);
 
-static int isMainThread() {
+static bool isMainThread() {
-	return [NSThread isMainThread] ? 1 : 0;
+	return [NSThread isMainThread];
 }
 
 static NSUInteger nsstringLength(CFTypeRef cstr) {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static CFTypeRef newNSString(unichar *chars, NSUInteger length) {
 import "C"
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"sync"
+	"runtime/cgo"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf16"
@@ -70,14 +70,11 @@ type displayLink struct {
 	running uint32
 }
 
-// displayLinks maps CFTypeRefs to *displayLinks.
-var displayLinks sync.Map
-
 var mainFuncs = make(chan func(), 1)
 
 // runOnMain runs the function on the main thread.
 func runOnMain(f func()) {
-	if isMainThread() {
+	if C.isMainThread() {
 		f()
 		return
 	}
@@ -87,10 +84,6 @@ func runOnMain(f func()) {
 	}()
 }
 
-func isMainThread() bool {
-	return C.isMainThread() != 0
-}
-
 //export gio_dispatchMainFuncs
 func gio_dispatchMainFuncs() {
 	for {
@@ -128,25 +121,25 @@ func stringToNSString(str string) C.CFTypeRef {
 	return C.newNSString(chars, C.NSUInteger(len(u16)))
 }
 
-func newDisplayLink(callback func()) (*displayLink, error) {
+func NewDisplayLink(callback func()) (*displayLink, error) {
 	d := &displayLink{
 		callback: callback,
 		done:     make(chan struct{}),
 		states:   make(chan bool),
 		dids:     make(chan uint64),
 	}
-	dl := C.gio_createDisplayLink()
+	h := cgo.NewHandle(d)
+	dl := C.gio_createDisplayLink(C.uintptr_t(h))
 	if dl == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("app: failed to create display link")
 	}
-	go d.run(dl)
+	go d.run(dl, h)
 	return d, nil
 }
 
-func (d *displayLink) run(dl C.CFTypeRef) {
+func (d *displayLink) run(dl C.CFTypeRef, h cgo.Handle) {
 	defer C.gio_releaseDisplayLink(dl)
-	displayLinks.Store(dl, d)
+	defer h.Delete()
-	defer displayLinks.Delete(dl)
 	var stopTimer *time.Timer
 	var tchan <-chan time.Time
 	started := false
@@ -207,14 +200,10 @@ func (d *displayLink) SetDisplayID(did uint64) {
 }
 
 //export gio_onFrameCallback
-func gio_onFrameCallback(ref C.CFTypeRef) {
+func gio_onFrameCallback(dl C.CFTypeRef, handle C.uintptr_t) {
-	d, exists := displayLinks.Load(ref)
+	d := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*displayLink)
-	if !exists {
+	if atomic.LoadUint32(&d.running) != 0 {
-		return
+		d.callback()
-	}
-	dl := d.(*displayLink)
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&dl.running) != 0 {
-		dl.callback()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -263,3 +252,9 @@ func windowSetCursor(from, to pointer.Cursor) pointer.Cursor {
 	C.gio_setCursor(C.NSUInteger(macosCursorID[to]))
 	return to
 }
+
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
+	runOnMain(func() {
+		w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
+	})
+}

app/os_darwin.m

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+@import Dispatch;
+@import Foundation;
+
+#include "_cgo_export.h"
+
+void gio_wakeupMainThread(void) {
+	dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
+		gio_dispatchMainFuncs();
+	});
+}

app/os_ios.go

@@ -12,8 +12,6 @@ package app
 #include <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_viewSetHandle(CFTypeRef viewRef, uintptr_t handle);
-
 struct drawParams {
 	CGFloat dpi, sdpi;
 	CGFloat width, height;
@@ -74,26 +72,21 @@ import "C"
 
 import (
 	"image"
-	"io"
 	"runtime"
-	"runtime/cgo"
 	"runtime/debug"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf16"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
-type UIKitViewEvent struct {
+type ViewEvent struct {
 	// ViewController is a CFTypeRef for the UIViewController backing a Window.
 	ViewController uintptr
 }
@@ -102,17 +95,18 @@ type window struct {
 	view        C.CFTypeRef
 	w           *callbacks
 	displayLink *displayLink
-	loop        *eventLoop
 
-	hidden bool
+	visible bool
-	cursor pointer.Cursor
+	cursor  pointer.Cursor
-	config Config
+	config  Config
 
 	pointerMap []C.CFTypeRef
 }
 
 var mainWindow = newWindowRendezvous()
 
+var views = make(map[C.CFTypeRef]*window)
+
 func init() {
 	// Darwin requires UI operations happen on the main thread only.
 	runtime.LockOSThread()
@@ -120,99 +114,85 @@ func init() {
 
 //export onCreate
 func onCreate(view, controller C.CFTypeRef) {
-	wopts := <-mainWindow.out
 	w := &window{
 		view: view,
-		w:    wopts.window,
 	}
-	w.loop = newEventLoop(w.w, w.wakeup)
+	dl, err := NewDisplayLink(func() {
-	w.w.SetDriver(w)
-	mainWindow.windows <- struct{}{}
-	dl, err := newDisplayLink(func() {
 		w.draw(false)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		w.w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: err})
+		panic(err)
-		return
 	}
 	w.displayLink = dl
-	C.gio_viewSetHandle(view, C.uintptr_t(cgo.NewHandle(w)))
+	wopts := <-mainWindow.out
+	w.w = wopts.window
+	w.w.SetDriver(w)
+	views[view] = w
 	w.Configure(wopts.options)
-	w.ProcessEvent(UIKitViewEvent{ViewController: uintptr(controller)})
+	w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StagePaused})
-}
+	w.w.Event(ViewEvent{ViewController: uintptr(controller)})
-
-func viewFor(h C.uintptr_t) *window {
-	return cgo.Handle(h).Value().(*window)
 }
 
 //export gio_onDraw
-func gio_onDraw(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func gio_onDraw(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
+	w := views[view]
 	w.draw(true)
 }
 
 func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
-	if w.hidden {
-		return
-	}
 	params := C.viewDrawParams(w.view)
 	if params.width == 0 || params.height == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	const inchPrDp = 1.0 / 163
+	wasVisible := w.visible
-	m := unit.Metric{
+	w.visible = true
-		PxPerDp: float32(params.dpi) * inchPrDp,
+	if !wasVisible {
-		PxPerSp: float32(params.sdpi) * inchPrDp,
+		w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StageRunning})
 	}
-	dppp := unit.Dp(1. / m.PxPerDp)
+	const inchPrDp = 1.0 / 163
-	w.ProcessEvent(frameEvent{
+	w.w.Event(frameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
 			Now: time.Now(),
 			Size: image.Point{
 				X: int(params.width + .5),
 				Y: int(params.height + .5),
 			},
-			Insets: Insets{
+			Insets: system.Insets{
-				Top:    unit.Dp(params.top) * dppp,
+				Top:    unit.Px(float32(params.top)),
-				Bottom: unit.Dp(params.bottom) * dppp,
+				Bottom: unit.Px(float32(params.bottom)),
-				Left:   unit.Dp(params.left) * dppp,
+				Left:   unit.Px(float32(params.left)),
-				Right:  unit.Dp(params.right) * dppp,
+				Right:  unit.Px(float32(params.right)),
+			},
+			Metric: unit.Metric{
+				PxPerDp: float32(params.dpi) * inchPrDp,
+				PxPerSp: float32(params.sdpi) * inchPrDp,
 			},
-			Metric: m,
 		},
 		Sync: sync,
 	})
 }
 
 //export onStop
-func onStop(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func onStop(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
+	w := views[view]
-	w.hidden = true
+	w.visible = false
-}
+	w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StagePaused})
-
-//export onStart
-func onStart(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
-	w.hidden = false
-	w.draw(true)
 }
 
 //export onDestroy
-func onDestroy(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func onDestroy(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
+	w := views[view]
-	w.ProcessEvent(UIKitViewEvent{})
+	delete(views, view)
-	w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{})
+	w.w.Event(ViewEvent{})
+	w.w.Event(system.DestroyEvent{})
 	w.displayLink.Close()
-	w.displayLink = nil
-	cgo.Handle(h).Delete()
 	w.view = 0
 }
 
 //export onFocus
-func onFocus(h C.uintptr_t, focus int) {
+func onFocus(view C.CFTypeRef, focus int) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
+	w := views[view]
-	w.config.Focused = focus != 0
+	w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: focus != 0})
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 }
 
 //export onLowMemory
@@ -222,56 +202,56 @@ func onLowMemory() {
 }
 
 //export onUpArrow
-func onUpArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func onUpArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameUpArrow)
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameUpArrow)
 }
 
 //export onDownArrow
-func onDownArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func onDownArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameDownArrow)
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameDownArrow)
 }
 
 //export onLeftArrow
-func onLeftArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func onLeftArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameLeftArrow)
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameLeftArrow)
 }
 
 //export onRightArrow
-func onRightArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func onRightArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameRightArrow)
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameRightArrow)
 }
 
 //export onDeleteBackward
-func onDeleteBackward(h C.uintptr_t) {
+func onDeleteBackward(view C.CFTypeRef) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameDeleteBackward)
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameDeleteBackward)
 }
 
 //export onText
-func onText(h C.uintptr_t, str C.CFTypeRef) {
+func onText(view, str C.CFTypeRef) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
+	w := views[view]
 	w.w.EditorInsert(nsstringToString(str))
 }
 
 //export onTouch
-func onTouch(h C.uintptr_t, last C.int, touchRef C.CFTypeRef, phase C.NSInteger, x, y C.CGFloat, ti C.double) {
+func onTouch(last C.int, view, touchRef C.CFTypeRef, phase C.NSInteger, x, y C.CGFloat, ti C.double) {
-	var kind pointer.Kind
+	var typ pointer.Type
 	switch phase {
 	case C.UITouchPhaseBegan:
-		kind = pointer.Press
+		typ = pointer.Press
 	case C.UITouchPhaseMoved:
-		kind = pointer.Move
+		typ = pointer.Move
 	case C.UITouchPhaseEnded:
-		kind = pointer.Release
+		typ = pointer.Release
 	case C.UITouchPhaseCancelled:
-		kind = pointer.Cancel
+		typ = pointer.Cancel
 	default:
 		return
 	}
-	w := viewFor(h)
+	w := views[view]
 	t := time.Duration(float64(ti) * float64(time.Second))
 	p := f32.Point{X: float32(x), Y: float32(y)}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    pointer.Touch,
 		PointerID: w.lookupTouch(last != 0, touchRef),
 		Position:  p,
@@ -283,16 +263,11 @@ func (w *window) ReadClipboard() {
 	cstr := C.readClipboard()
 	defer C.CFRelease(cstr)
 	content := nsstringToString(cstr)
-	w.ProcessEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
+	w.w.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: content})
-		Type: "application/text",
-		Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-			return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(content))
-		},
-	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
-	u16 := utf16.Encode([]rune(string(s)))
+	u16 := utf16.Encode([]rune(s))
 	var chars *C.unichar
 	if len(u16) > 0 {
 		chars = (*C.unichar)(unsafe.Pointer(&u16[0]))
@@ -301,16 +276,25 @@ func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure([]Option) {
+	prev := w.config
 	// Decorations are never disabled.
 	w.config.Decorated = true
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if w.config != prev {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	}
 }
 
 func (w *window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {}
 
 func (w *window) Perform(system.Action) {}
 
+func (w *window) Raise() {}
+
 func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
+	v := w.view
+	if v == 0 {
+		return
+	}
 	if anim {
 		w.displayLink.Start()
 	} else {
@@ -322,8 +306,8 @@ func (w *window) SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor) {
 	w.cursor = windowSetCursor(w.cursor, cursor)
 }
 
-func (w *window) onKeyCommand(name key.Name) {
+func (w *window) onKeyCommand(name string) {
-	w.ProcessEvent(key.Event{
+	w.w.Event(key.Event{
 		Name: name,
 	})
 }
@@ -362,30 +346,15 @@ func (w *window) ShowTextInput(show bool) {
 
 func (w *window) SetInputHint(_ key.InputHint) {}
 
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
+// Close the window. Not implemented for iOS.
-	w.w.ProcessEvent(e)
+func (w *window) Close() {}
-	w.loop.FlushEvents()
-}
 
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
+func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) error {
-	return w.loop.Event()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	w.loop.Invalidate()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	w.loop.Run(f)
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.loop.Frame(frame)
-}
-
-func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
 	mainWindow.in <- windowAndConfig{win, options}
-	<-mainWindow.windows
+	return <-mainWindow.errs
+}
+
+func osMain() {
 }
 
 //export gio_runMain
@@ -393,12 +362,4 @@ func gio_runMain() {
 	runMain()
 }
 
-func (w *window) wakeup() {
+func (_ ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-	runOnMain(func() {
-		w.loop.Wakeup()
-		w.loop.FlushEvents()
-	})
-}
-
-func (UIKitViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
-func (UIKitViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}

app/os_ios.m

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) Class gio_layerClass(void);
 
 @interface GioView: UIView <UIKeyInput>
-@property uintptr_t handle;
 @end
 
 @implementation GioViewController
@@ -55,33 +54,33 @@ CGFloat _keyboardHeight;
 }
 
 - (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application {
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
+	UIView *drawView = self.view.subviews[0];
-	if (view != nil) {
+	if (drawView != nil) {
-		onStart(view.handle);
+		gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)drawView);
 	}
 }
 
 - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
+	UIView *drawView = self.view.subviews[0];
-	if (view != nil) {
+	if (drawView != nil) {
-		onStop(view.handle);
+		onStop((__bridge CFTypeRef)drawView);
 	}
 }
 
 - (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
 	[super viewDidDisappear:animated];
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
+	CFTypeRef viewRef = (__bridge CFTypeRef)self.view.subviews[0];
-	onDestroy(view.handle);
+	onDestroy(viewRef);
 }
 
 - (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
 	[super viewDidLayoutSubviews];
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
+	UIView *view = self.view.subviews[0];
 	CGRect frame = self.view.bounds;
 	// Adjust view bounds to make room for the keyboard.
 	frame.size.height -= _keyboardHeight;
 	view.frame = frame;
-	gio_onDraw(view.handle);
+	gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)view);
 }
 
 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
@@ -102,10 +101,11 @@ CGFloat _keyboardHeight;
 }
 @end
 
-static void handleTouches(int last, GioView *view, NSSet<UITouch *> *touches, UIEvent *event) {
+static void handleTouches(int last, UIView *view, NSSet<UITouch *> *touches, UIEvent *event) {
 	CGFloat scale = view.contentScaleFactor;
 	NSUInteger i = 0;
 	NSUInteger n = [touches count];
+	CFTypeRef viewRef = (__bridge CFTypeRef)view;
 	for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
 		CFTypeRef touchRef = (__bridge CFTypeRef)touch;
 		i++;
@@ -116,16 +116,13 @@ static void handleTouches(int last, GioView *view, NSSet<UITouch *> *touches, UI
 			CGPoint loc = [coalescedTouch locationInView:view];
 			j++;
 			int lastTouch = last && i == n && j == m;
-			onTouch(view.handle, lastTouch, touchRef, touch.phase, loc.x*scale, loc.y*scale, [coalescedTouch timestamp]);
+			onTouch(lastTouch, viewRef, touchRef, touch.phase, loc.x*scale, loc.y*scale, [coalescedTouch timestamp]);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 @implementation GioView
 NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
-+ (void)onFrameCallback:(CADisplayLink *)link {
-       gio_onFrameCallback((__bridge CFTypeRef)link);
-}
 + (Class)layerClass {
     return gio_layerClass();
 }
@@ -151,13 +148,13 @@ NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
 
 - (void)onWindowDidBecomeKey:(NSNotification *)note {
 	if (self.isFirstResponder) {
-		onFocus(self.handle, YES);
+		onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, YES);
 	}
 }
 
 - (void)onWindowDidResignKey:(NSNotification *)note {
 	if (self.isFirstResponder) {
-		onFocus(self.handle, NO);
+		onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, NO);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -178,7 +175,7 @@ NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
 }
 
 - (void)insertText:(NSString *)text {
-	onText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)text);
+	onText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)text);
 }
 
 - (BOOL)canBecomeFirstResponder {
@@ -190,23 +187,23 @@ NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
 }
 
 - (void)deleteBackward {
-	onDeleteBackward(self.handle);
+	onDeleteBackward((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onUpArrow {
-	onUpArrow(self.handle);
+	onUpArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onDownArrow {
-	onDownArrow(self.handle);
+	onDownArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onLeftArrow {
-	onLeftArrow(self.handle);
+	onLeftArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onRightArrow {
-	onRightArrow(self.handle);
+	onRightArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *)keyCommands {
@@ -230,8 +227,23 @@ NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
 }
 @end
 
-CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(void) {
+@interface DisplayLinkHandle : NSObject {
-	CADisplayLink *dl = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:[GioView class] selector:@selector(onFrameCallback:)];
+}
+@property uintptr_t handle;
+@end
+
+@implementation DisplayLinkHandle {
+}
+
+- (void)onFrameCallback:(CADisplayLink *)link {
+	gio_onFrameCallback((__bridge CFTypeRef)link, _handle);
+}
+@end
+
+CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(uintptr_t handle) {
+	DisplayLinkHandle *h = [DisplayLinkHandle alloc];
+	h.handle = handle;
+	CADisplayLink *dl = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:h selector:@selector(onFrameCallback:)];
 	dl.paused = YES;
 	NSRunLoop *runLoop = [NSRunLoop mainRunLoop];
 	[dl addToRunLoop:runLoop forMode:[runLoop currentMode]];
@@ -271,14 +283,3 @@ void gio_showCursor() {
 void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 	// Not supported.
 }
-
-void gio_viewSetHandle(CFTypeRef viewRef, uintptr_t handle) {
-	GioView *v = (__bridge GioView *)viewRef;
-	v.handle = handle;
-}
-
-void gio_wakeupMainThread(void) {
-	dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
-		gio_dispatchMainFuncs();
-	});
-}

app/os_js.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
-	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall/js"
 	"time"
@@ -14,28 +13,16 @@ import (
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
-type JSViewEvent struct {
+type ViewEvent struct{}
-	Element js.Value
-}
-
-type contextStatus int
-
-const (
-	contextStatusOkay contextStatus = iota
-	contextStatusLost
-	contextStatusRestored
-)
 
 type window struct {
 	window                js.Value
@@ -56,6 +43,9 @@ type window struct {
 	composing             bool
 	requestFocus          bool
 
+	chanAnimation chan struct{}
+	chanRedraw    chan struct{}
+
 	config    Config
 	inset     f32.Point
 	scale     float32
@@ -64,11 +54,9 @@ type window struct {
 	// is pending.
 	animRequested bool
 	wakeups       chan struct{}
-
-	contextStatus contextStatus
 }
 
-func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	doc := js.Global().Get("document")
 	cont := getContainer(doc)
 	cnv := createCanvas(doc)
@@ -83,9 +71,7 @@ func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
 		head:      doc.Get("head"),
 		clipboard: js.Global().Get("navigator").Get("clipboard"),
 		wakeups:   make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		w:         win,
 	}
-	w.w.SetDriver(w)
 	w.requestAnimationFrame = w.window.Get("requestAnimationFrame")
 	w.browserHistory = w.window.Get("history")
 	w.visualViewport = w.window.Get("visualViewport")
@@ -95,28 +81,41 @@ func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
 	if screen := w.window.Get("screen"); screen.Truthy() {
 		w.screenOrientation = screen.Get("orientation")
 	}
+	w.chanAnimation = make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	w.chanRedraw = make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	w.redraw = w.funcOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		w.draw(false)
+		w.chanAnimation <- struct{}{}
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.clipboardCallback = w.funcOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		content := args[0].String()
-		w.processEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
+		go win.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: content})
-			Type: "application/text",
-			Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(content))
-			},
-		})
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListeners()
 	w.addHistory()
+	w.w = win
 
-	w.Configure(options)
+	go func() {
-	w.blur()
+		defer w.cleanup()
-	w.processEvent(JSViewEvent{Element: cont})
+		w.w.SetDriver(w)
-	w.resize()
+		w.Configure(options)
-	w.draw(true)
+		w.blur()
+		w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StageRunning})
+		w.resize()
+		w.draw(true)
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-w.wakeups:
+				w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
+			case <-w.chanAnimation:
+				w.animCallback()
+			case <-w.chanRedraw:
+				w.draw(true)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	return nil
 }
 
 func getContainer(doc js.Value) js.Value {
@@ -163,25 +162,9 @@ func (w *window) cleanup() {
 }
 
 func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
-	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "webglcontextlost", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		args[0].Call("preventDefault")
-		w.contextStatus = contextStatusLost
-		return nil
-	})
-	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "webglcontextrestored", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		args[0].Call("preventDefault")
-		w.contextStatus = contextStatusRestored
-
-		// Resize is required to force update the canvas content when restored.
-		w.cnv.Set("width", 0)
-		w.cnv.Set("height", 0)
-		w.resize()
-		w.draw(true)
-		return nil
-	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.visualViewport, "resize", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		w.resize()
-		w.draw(true)
+		w.chanRedraw <- struct{}{}
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.window, "contextmenu", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
@@ -189,11 +172,25 @@ func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.window, "popstate", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		if w.processEvent(key.Event{Name: key.NameBack}) {
+		ev := &system.CommandEvent{Type: system.CommandBack}
+		w.w.Event(ev)
+		if ev.Cancel {
 			return w.browserHistory.Call("forward")
 		}
+
 		return w.browserHistory.Call("back")
 	})
+	w.addEventListener(w.document, "visibilitychange", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+		ev := system.StageEvent{}
+		switch w.document.Get("visibilityState").String() {
+		case "hidden", "prerender", "unloaded":
+			ev.Stage = system.StagePaused
+		default:
+			ev.Stage = system.StageRunning
+		}
+		w.w.Event(ev)
+		return nil
+	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "mousemove", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		w.pointerEvent(pointer.Move, 0, 0, args[0])
 		return nil
@@ -213,10 +210,6 @@ func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
 	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "wheel", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		e := args[0]
 		dx, dy := e.Get("deltaX").Float(), e.Get("deltaY").Float()
-		// horizontal scroll if shift is pressed.
-		if e.Get("shiftKey").Bool() {
-			dx, dy = dy, dx
-		}
 		mode := e.Get("deltaMode").Int()
 		switch mode {
 		case 0x01: // DOM_DELTA_LINE
@@ -251,20 +244,18 @@ func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
 			w.touches[i] = js.Null()
 		}
 		w.touches = w.touches[:0]
-		w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-			Kind:   pointer.Cancel,
+			Type:   pointer.Cancel,
 			Source: pointer.Touch,
 		})
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "focus", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		w.config.Focused = true
+		w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: true})
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "blur", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		w.config.Focused = false
+		w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: false})
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 		w.blur()
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -337,8 +328,6 @@ func (w *window) keyboard(hint key.InputHint) {
 		m = "url"
 	case key.HintTelephone:
 		m = "tel"
-	case key.HintPassword:
-		m = "password"
 	default:
 		m = "text"
 	}
@@ -353,50 +342,10 @@ func (w *window) keyEvent(e js.Value, ks key.State) {
 			Modifiers: modifiersFor(e),
 			State:     ks,
 		}
-		w.processEvent(cmd)
+		w.w.Event(cmd)
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
-	w.processEvent(e)
-}
-
-func (w *window) processEvent(e event.Event) bool {
-	if !w.w.ProcessEvent(e) {
-		return false
-	}
-	select {
-	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
-	default:
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
-	for {
-		evt, ok := w.w.nextEvent()
-		if ok {
-			if _, destroy := evt.(DestroyEvent); destroy {
-				w.cleanup()
-			}
-			return evt
-		}
-		<-w.wakeups
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	w.w.Invalidate()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	f()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.w.ProcessFrame(frame, nil)
-}
-
 // modifiersFor returns the modifier set for a DOM MouseEvent or
 // KeyEvent.
 func modifiersFor(e js.Value) key.Modifiers {
@@ -417,7 +366,7 @@ func modifiersFor(e js.Value) key.Modifiers {
 	return mods
 }
 
-func (w *window) touchEvent(kind pointer.Kind, e js.Value) {
+func (w *window) touchEvent(typ pointer.Type, e js.Value) {
 	e.Call("preventDefault")
 	t := time.Duration(e.Get("timeStamp").Int()) * time.Millisecond
 	changedTouches := e.Get("changedTouches")
@@ -444,8 +393,8 @@ func (w *window) touchEvent(kind pointer.Kind, e js.Value) {
 			X: float32(x) * scale,
 			Y: float32(y) * scale,
 		}
-		w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-			Kind:      kind,
+			Type:      typ,
 			Source:    pointer.Touch,
 			Position:  pos,
 			PointerID: pid,
@@ -467,7 +416,7 @@ func (w *window) touchIDFor(touch js.Value) pointer.ID {
 	return pid
 }
 
-func (w *window) pointerEvent(kind pointer.Kind, dx, dy float32, e js.Value) {
+func (w *window) pointerEvent(typ pointer.Type, dx, dy float32, e js.Value) {
 	e.Call("preventDefault")
 	x, y := e.Get("clientX").Float(), e.Get("clientY").Float()
 	rect := w.cnv.Call("getBoundingClientRect")
@@ -494,8 +443,8 @@ func (w *window) pointerEvent(kind pointer.Kind, dx, dy float32, e js.Value) {
 	if jbtns&4 != 0 {
 		btns |= pointer.ButtonTertiary
 	}
-	w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    pointer.Mouse,
 		Buttons:   btns,
 		Position:  pos,
@@ -521,6 +470,17 @@ func (w *window) funcOf(f func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{}) js.F
 	return jsf
 }
 
+func (w *window) animCallback() {
+	anim := w.animating
+	w.animRequested = anim
+	if anim {
+		w.requestAnimationFrame.Invoke(w.redraw)
+	}
+	if anim {
+		w.draw(false)
+	}
+}
+
 func (w *window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {}
 
 func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
@@ -541,14 +501,14 @@ func (w *window) ReadClipboard() {
 	w.clipboard.Call("readText", w.clipboard).Call("then", w.clipboardCallback)
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
 	if w.clipboard.IsUndefined() {
 		return
 	}
 	if w.clipboard.Get("writeText").IsUndefined() {
 		return
 	}
-	w.clipboard.Call("writeText", string(s))
+	w.clipboard.Call("writeText", s)
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
@@ -576,11 +536,15 @@ func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
 	if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
 		w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
 	}
-	w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if w.config != prev {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	}
 }
 
 func (w *window) Perform(system.Action) {}
 
+func (w *window) Raise() {}
+
 var webCursor = [...]string{
 	pointer.CursorDefault:                  "default",
 	pointer.CursorNone:                     "none",
@@ -615,20 +579,32 @@ func (w *window) SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor) {
 	style.Set("cursor", webCursor[cursor])
 }
 
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
+	select {
+	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
 func (w *window) ShowTextInput(show bool) {
 	// Run in a goroutine to avoid a deadlock if the
 	// focus change result in an event.
-	if show {
+	go func() {
-		w.focus()
+		if show {
-	} else {
+			w.focus()
-		w.blur()
+		} else {
-	}
+			w.blur()
+		}
+	}()
 }
 
 func (w *window) SetInputHint(mode key.InputHint) {
 	w.keyboard(mode)
 }
 
+// Close the window. Not implemented for js.
+func (w *window) Close() {}
+
 func (w *window) resize() {
 	w.scale = float32(w.window.Get("devicePixelRatio").Float())
 
@@ -639,7 +615,7 @@ func (w *window) resize() {
 	}
 	if size != w.config.Size {
 		w.config.Size = size
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
 
 	if vx, vy := w.visualViewport.Get("width"), w.visualViewport.Get("height"); !vx.IsUndefined() && !vy.IsUndefined() {
@@ -656,23 +632,12 @@ func (w *window) resize() {
 }
 
 func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
-	if w.contextStatus == contextStatusLost {
-		return
-	}
-	anim := w.animating
-	w.animRequested = anim
-	if anim {
-		w.requestAnimationFrame.Invoke(w.redraw)
-	} else if !sync {
-		return
-	}
 	size, insets, metric := w.getConfig()
 	if metric == (unit.Metric{}) || size.X == 0 || size.Y == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-
+	w.w.Event(frameEvent{
-	w.processEvent(frameEvent{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
 			Now:    time.Now(),
 			Size:   size,
 			Insets: insets,
@@ -682,12 +647,11 @@ func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) getConfig() (image.Point, Insets, unit.Metric) {
+func (w *window) getConfig() (image.Point, system.Insets, unit.Metric) {
-	invscale := unit.Dp(1. / w.scale)
 	return image.Pt(w.config.Size.X, w.config.Size.Y),
-		Insets{
+		system.Insets{
-			Bottom: unit.Dp(w.inset.Y) * invscale,
+			Bottom: unit.Px(w.inset.Y),
-			Right:  unit.Dp(w.inset.X) * invscale,
+			Right:  unit.Px(w.inset.X),
 		}, unit.Metric{
 			PxPerDp: w.scale,
 			PxPerSp: w.scale,
@@ -741,8 +705,12 @@ func (w *window) navigationColor(c color.NRGBA) {
 	theme.Set("content", fmt.Sprintf("#%06X", []uint8{rgba.R, rgba.G, rgba.B}))
 }
 
-func translateKey(k string) (key.Name, bool) {
+func osMain() {
-	var n key.Name
+	select {}
+}
+
+func translateKey(k string) (string, bool) {
+	var n string
 
 	switch k {
 	case "ArrowUp":
@@ -809,12 +777,11 @@ func translateKey(k string) (key.Name, bool) {
 		r, s := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(k)
 		// If there is exactly one printable character, return that.
 		if s == len(k) && unicode.IsPrint(r) {
-			return key.Name(strings.ToUpper(k)), true
+			return strings.ToUpper(k), true
 		}
 		return "", false
 	}
 	return n, true
 }
 
-func (JSViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
+func (_ ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-func (JSViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}

app/os_macos.m

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 // +build darwin,!ios
 
-#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+@import AppKit;
 
 #include "_cgo_export.h"
 
@@ -14,50 +14,45 @@ __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CALayer *gio_layerFactory(void);
 @interface GioWindowDelegate : NSObject<NSWindowDelegate>
 @end
 
-@interface GioView : NSView <CALayerDelegate,NSTextInputClient>
-@property uintptr_t handle;
-@end
-
 @implementation GioWindowDelegate
 - (void)windowWillMiniaturize:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
+	gio_onHide((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
-	gio_onHide(view.handle);
 }
 - (void)windowDidDeminiaturize:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
+	gio_onShow((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
-	gio_onShow(view.handle);
 }
 - (void)windowWillEnterFullScreen:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
+	gio_onFullscreen((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
-	gio_onFullscreen(view.handle);
 }
 - (void)windowWillExitFullScreen:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
+	gio_onWindowed((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
-	gio_onWindowed(view.handle);
 }
 - (void)windowDidChangeScreen:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
 	CGDirectDisplayID dispID = [[[window screen] deviceDescription][@"NSScreenNumber"] unsignedIntValue];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
+	CFTypeRef view = (__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView;
-	gio_onChangeScreen(view.handle, dispID);
+	gio_onChangeScreen(view, dispID);
 }
 - (void)windowDidBecomeKey:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
+	gio_onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView, 1);
-	gio_onFocus(view.handle, 1);
 }
 - (void)windowDidResignKey:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
+	gio_onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView, 0);
-	gio_onFocus(view.handle, 0);
+}
+- (void)windowWillClose:(NSNotification *)notification {
+	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
+	window.delegate = nil;
+	gio_onClose((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
 }
 @end
 
-static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFloat dy) {
+static void handleMouse(NSView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFloat dy) {
 	NSPoint p = [view convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
 	if (!event.hasPreciseScrollingDeltas) {
 		// dx and dy are in rows and columns.
@@ -66,213 +61,10 @@ static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFl
 	}
 	// Origin is in the lower left corner. Convert to upper left.
 	CGFloat height = view.bounds.size.height;
-	gio_onMouse(view.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)event, typ, event.buttonNumber, p.x, height - p.y, dx, dy, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags]);
+	gio_onMouse((__bridge CFTypeRef)view, typ, [NSEvent pressedMouseButtons], p.x, height - p.y, dx, dy, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags]);
 }
 
-@interface GioApplication: NSApplication
+@interface GioView : NSView <CALayerDelegate,NSTextInputClient>
-@end
-
-// Variables for tracking resizes.
-static struct {
-	NSPoint dir;
-	NSEvent *lastMouseDown;
-	NSPoint off;
-} resizeState = {};
-
-static NSBitmapImageRep *nsImageBitmap(NSImage *img) {
-	NSArray<NSImageRep *> *reps = img.representations;
-	if ([reps count] == 0) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	NSImageRep *rep = reps[0];
-	if (![rep isKindOfClass:[NSBitmapImageRep class]]) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	return (NSBitmapImageRep *)rep;
-}
-
-static NSCursor *lookupPrivateNSCursor(SEL name) {
-	if (![NSCursor respondsToSelector:name]) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	id obj = [NSCursor performSelector:name];
-	if (![obj isKindOfClass:[NSCursor class]]) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	return (NSCursor *)obj;
-}
-
-static BOOL isEqualNSCursor(NSCursor *c1, SEL name2) {
-	NSCursor *c2 = lookupPrivateNSCursor(name2);
-	if (c2 == nil || !NSEqualPoints(c1.hotSpot, c2.hotSpot)) {
-		return NO;
-	}
-	NSImage *img1 = c1.image;
-	NSImage *img2 = c2.image;
-	if (!NSEqualSizes(img1.size, img2.size)) {
-		return NO;
-	}
-	NSBitmapImageRep *bit1 = nsImageBitmap(img1);
-	NSBitmapImageRep *bit2 = nsImageBitmap(img2);
-	if (bit1 == nil || bit2 == nil) {
-		return NO;
-	}
-	NSInteger n1 = bit1.numberOfPlanes*bit1.bytesPerPlane;
-	NSInteger n2 = bit1.numberOfPlanes*bit1.bytesPerPlane;
-	if (n1 != n2) {
-		return NO;
-	}
-	if (memcmp(bit1.bitmapData, bit2.bitmapData, n1) != 0) {
-		return NO;
-	}
-	return YES;
-}
-
-@implementation GioApplication
-- (NSEvent *)nextEventMatchingMask:(NSEventMask)mask
-                         untilDate:(NSDate *)expiration
-                            inMode:(NSRunLoopMode)mode
-                           dequeue:(BOOL)deqFlag {
-	if ([mode isEqualToString:NSEventTrackingRunLoopMode]) {
-		NSEvent *l = resizeState.lastMouseDown;
-		if (l != nil) {
-			//lastMouseDown = nil;
-			NSCursor *cur = [NSCursor currentSystemCursor];
-			NSPoint dir = {};
-			NSPoint off = {};
-			NSSize wsz = [l window].frame.size;
-			NSPoint center = NSMakePoint(wsz.width/2, wsz.height/2);
-			NSPoint p = [l locationInWindow];
-			if (p.x >= center.x) {
-				dir.x = 1;
-				off.x = p.x - wsz.width;
-			} else {
-				dir.x = -1;
-				off.x = p.x;
-			}
-			if (p.y >= center.y) {
-				dir.y = 1;
-				off.y = p.y - wsz.height;
-			} else {
-				dir.y = -1;
-				off.y = p.y;
-			}
-			// The button down coordinate distinguish the four quadrants. Use the
-			// cursor image to determine the precise direction.
-			SEL nw = @selector(_windowResizeNorthWestCursor);
-			SEL n = @selector(_windowResizeNorthCursor);
-			SEL ne = @selector(_windowResizeNorthEastCursor);
-			SEL e = @selector(_windowResizeEastCursor);
-			SEL se = @selector(_windowResizeSouthEastCursor);
-			SEL s = @selector(_windowResizeSouthCursor);
-			SEL sw = @selector(_windowResizeSouthWestCursor);
-			SEL w = @selector(_windowResizeWestCursor);
-			SEL ns = @selector(_windowResizeNorthSouthCursor);
-			SEL ew = @selector(_windowResizeEastWestCursor);
-			SEL nwse = @selector(_windowResizeNorthWestSouthEastCursor);
-			SEL nesw = @selector(_windowResizeNorthEastSouthWestCursor);
-			BOOL match = YES;
-			if (dir.x != 0 && (isEqualNSCursor(cur, ew) || isEqualNSCursor(cur, w) || isEqualNSCursor(cur, e))) {
-				dir.y = 0;
-			}
-			if (dir.y != 0 && (isEqualNSCursor(cur, ns) || isEqualNSCursor(cur, s) || isEqualNSCursor(cur, n))) {
-					dir.x = 0;
-			}
-			// If none of the cursors matched, we may deduce that the resize
-			// direction is one of the corners. However, to ensure that at least
-			// one cursor matches, check the corner cursors.
-			if (dir.x == 1 && dir.y == 1) {
-				if (!isEqualNSCursor(cur, nesw) && !isEqualNSCursor(cur, sw)) {
-					dir = NSZeroPoint;
-				}
-			} else if (dir.x == 1 && dir.y == -1) {
-				if (!isEqualNSCursor(cur, nwse) && !isEqualNSCursor(cur, nw)) {
-					dir = NSZeroPoint;
-				}
-			} else if (dir.x == -1 && dir.y == 1) {
-				if (!isEqualNSCursor(cur, nwse) && !isEqualNSCursor(cur, se)) {
-					dir = NSZeroPoint;
-				}
-			} else if (dir.x == -1 && dir.y == -1) {
-				if (!isEqualNSCursor(cur, nesw) && !isEqualNSCursor(cur, ne)) {
-					dir = NSZeroPoint;
-				}
-			}
-			if (!NSEqualPoints(dir, NSZeroPoint)) {
-				NSEvent *cancel = [NSEvent mouseEventWithType:NSEventTypeLeftMouseUp
-											                       location:l.locationInWindow
-											                  modifierFlags:l.modifierFlags
-											                      timestamp:l.timestamp
-											                   windowNumber:l.windowNumber
-											                        context:l.context
-											                    eventNumber:l.eventNumber
-											                     clickCount:l.clickCount
-											                       pressure:l.pressure];
-				resizeState.off = off;
-				resizeState.dir = dir;
-				return cancel;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return [super nextEventMatchingMask:mask untilDate:expiration inMode:mode dequeue:deqFlag];
-}
-@end
-
-@interface GioWindow: NSWindow
-@end
-
-@implementation GioWindow
-- (void)sendEvent:(NSEvent *)evt {
-	if (evt.type == NSEventTypeLeftMouseDown) {
-		resizeState.lastMouseDown = evt;
-	}
-	NSPoint dir = resizeState.dir;
-	if (NSEqualPoints(dir, NSZeroPoint)) {
-		[super sendEvent:evt];
-		return;
-	}
-	switch (evt.type) {
-	default:
-		return;
-	case NSEventTypeLeftMouseUp:
-		resizeState.dir = NSZeroPoint;
-		resizeState.lastMouseDown = nil;
-		return;
-	case NSEventTypeLeftMouseDragged:
-		// Ok to proceed.
-		break;
-	}
-	NSPoint loc = evt.locationInWindow;
-	NSPoint off = resizeState.off;
-	loc.x -= off.x;
-	loc.y -= off.y;
-	NSRect frame = [self frame];
-	NSSize min = [self minSize];
-	NSSize max = [self maxSize];
-	CGFloat width = frame.size.width;
-	if (dir.x > 0) {
-		width = loc.x;
-	} else if (dir.x < 0) {
-		width -= loc.x;
-	}
-	width = MIN(max.width, MAX(min.width, width));
-	if (dir.x < 0) {
-		frame.origin.x += frame.size.width - width;
-	}
-	frame.size.width = width;
-	CGFloat height = frame.size.height;
-	if (dir.y > 0) {
-		height = loc.y;
-	} else if (dir.y < 0) {
-		height -= loc.y;
-	}
-	height = MIN(max.height, MAX(min.height, height));
-	if (dir.y < 0) {
-		frame.origin.y += frame.size.height - height;
-	}
-	frame.size.height = height;
-	[self setFrame:frame display:YES animate:NO];
-}
 @end
 
 @implementation GioView
@@ -283,50 +75,41 @@ static BOOL isEqualNSCursor(NSCursor *c1, SEL name2) {
 // drawRect is called when OpenGL is used, displayLayer otherwise.
 // Don't know why.
 - (void)drawRect:(NSRect)r {
-	gio_onDraw(self.handle);
+	gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (void)displayLayer:(CALayer *)layer {
 	layer.contentsScale = self.window.backingScaleFactor;
-	gio_onDraw(self.handle);
+	gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (CALayer *)makeBackingLayer {
 	CALayer *layer = gio_layerFactory();
 	layer.delegate = self;
 	return layer;
 }
-- (void)viewDidMoveToWindow {
-	gio_onAttached(self.handle, self.window != nil ? 1 : 0);
-}
 - (void)mouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
 }
 - (void)mouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
 }
+- (void)middleMouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
+	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
+}
+- (void)middletMouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
+	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
+}
 - (void)rightMouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
 }
 - (void)rightMouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
 }
-- (void)otherMouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
-}
-- (void)otherMouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
-}
 - (void)mouseMoved:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
 }
 - (void)mouseDragged:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
 }
-- (void)rightMouseDragged:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
-}
-- (void)otherMouseDragged:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
-}
 - (void)scrollWheel:(NSEvent *)event {
 	CGFloat dx = -event.scrollingDeltaX;
 	CGFloat dy = -event.scrollingDeltaY;
@@ -335,31 +118,32 @@ static BOOL isEqualNSCursor(NSCursor *c1, SEL name2) {
 - (void)keyDown:(NSEvent *)event {
 	[self interpretKeyEvents:[NSArray arrayWithObject:event]];
 	NSString *keys = [event charactersIgnoringModifiers];
-	gio_onKeys(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], true);
+	gio_onKeys((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], true);
 }
 - (void)keyUp:(NSEvent *)event {
 	NSString *keys = [event charactersIgnoringModifiers];
-	gio_onKeys(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], false);
+	gio_onKeys((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], false);
 }
 - (void)insertText:(id)string {
-	gio_onText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)string);
+	gio_onText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)string);
 }
 - (void)doCommandBySelector:(SEL)sel {
 	// Don't pass commands up the responder chain.
 	// They will end up in a beep.
 }
+
 - (BOOL)hasMarkedText {
-	int res = gio_hasMarkedText(self.handle);
+	int res = gio_hasMarkedText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 	return res ? YES : NO;
 }
 - (NSRange)markedRange {
-	return gio_markedRange(self.handle);
+	return gio_markedRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (NSRange)selectedRange {
-	return gio_selectedRange(self.handle);
+	return gio_selectedRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (void)unmarkText {
-	gio_unmarkText(self.handle);
+	gio_unmarkText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (void)setMarkedText:(id)string
         selectedRange:(NSRange)selRange
@@ -371,14 +155,14 @@ static BOOL isEqualNSCursor(NSCursor *c1, SEL name2) {
 	} else {
 		str = string;
 	}
-	gio_setMarkedText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, selRange, replaceRange);
+	gio_setMarkedText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, selRange, replaceRange);
 }
 - (NSArray<NSAttributedStringKey> *)validAttributesForMarkedText {
 	return nil;
 }
 - (NSAttributedString *)attributedSubstringForProposedRange:(NSRange)range
                                                 actualRange:(NSRangePointer)actualRange {
-	NSString *str = CFBridgingRelease(gio_substringForProposedRange(self.handle, range, actualRange));
+	NSString *str = CFBridgingRelease(gio_substringForProposedRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, range, actualRange));
 	return [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:str attributes:nil];
 }
 - (void)insertText:(id)string
@@ -390,26 +174,17 @@ static BOOL isEqualNSCursor(NSCursor *c1, SEL name2) {
 	} else {
 		str = string;
 	}
-	gio_insertText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, replaceRange);
+	gio_insertText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, replaceRange);
 }
 - (NSUInteger)characterIndexForPoint:(NSPoint)p {
-	return gio_characterIndexForPoint(self.handle, p);
+	return gio_characterIndexForPoint((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, p);
 }
 - (NSRect)firstRectForCharacterRange:(NSRange)rng
                          actualRange:(NSRangePointer)actual {
-    NSRect r = gio_firstRectForCharacterRange(self.handle, rng, actual);
+    NSRect r = gio_firstRectForCharacterRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, rng, actual);
     r = [self convertRect:r toView:nil];
     return [[self window] convertRectToScreen:r];
 }
-- (void)applicationWillUnhide:(NSNotification *)notification {
-	gio_onShow(self.handle);
-}
-- (void)applicationDidHide:(NSNotification *)notification {
-	gio_onHide(self.handle);
-}
-- (void)dealloc {
-	gio_onDestroy(self.handle);
-}
 @end
 
 // Delegates are weakly referenced from their peers. Nothing
@@ -418,14 +193,14 @@ static BOOL isEqualNSCursor(NSCursor *c1, SEL name2) {
 static GioWindowDelegate *globalWindowDel;
 
 static CVReturn displayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef dl, const CVTimeStamp *inNow, const CVTimeStamp *inOutputTime, CVOptionFlags flagsIn, CVOptionFlags *flagsOut, void *handle) {
-	gio_onFrameCallback(dl);
+	gio_onFrameCallback(dl, (uintptr_t)handle);
 	return kCVReturnSuccess;
 }
 
-CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(void) {
+CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(uintptr_t handle) {
 	CVDisplayLinkRef dl;
 	CVDisplayLinkCreateWithActiveCGDisplays(&dl);
-	CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(dl, displayLinkCallback, nil);
+	CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(dl, displayLinkCallback, (void *)(handle));
 	return dl;
 }
 
@@ -459,12 +234,15 @@ void gio_showCursor() {
 
 // some cursors are not public, this tries to use a private cursor
 // and uses fallback when the use of private cursor fails.
-static void trySetPrivateCursor(SEL cursorName, NSCursor* fallback) {
+void gio_trySetPrivateCursor(SEL cursorName, NSCursor* fallback) {
-	NSCursor *cur = lookupPrivateNSCursor(cursorName);
+	if ([NSCursor respondsToSelector:cursorName]) {
-	if (cur == nil) {
+		id object = [NSCursor performSelector:cursorName];
-		cur = fallback;
+		if ([object isKindOfClass:[NSCursor class]]) {
+			[(NSCursor*)object set];
+			return;
+		}
 	}
-	[cur set];
+	[fallback set];
 }
 
 void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
@@ -488,7 +266,7 @@ void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 				break;
 			case 6: // pointer.CursorAllScroll
 				// For some reason, using _moveCursor fails on Monterey.
-				// trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_moveCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
+				// gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_moveCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				[NSCursor.arrowCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 7: // pointer.CursorColResize
@@ -498,31 +276,33 @@ void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 				[NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 9: // pointer.CursorGrab
-				[NSCursor.openHandCursor set];
+				// [NSCursor.openHandCursor set];
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(openHandCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 10: // pointer.CursorGrabbing
-				[NSCursor.closedHandCursor set];
+				// [NSCursor.closedHandCursor set];
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(closedHandCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 11: // pointer.CursorNotAllowed
 				[NSCursor.operationNotAllowedCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 12: // pointer.CursorWait
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 13: // pointer.CursorProgress
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 14: // pointer.CursorNorthWestResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 15: // pointer.CursorNorthEastResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 16: // pointer.CursorSouthWestResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 17: // pointer.CursorSouthEastResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 18: // pointer.CursorNorthSouthResize
 				[NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor set];
@@ -543,10 +323,10 @@ void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 				[NSCursor.resizeDownCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 24: // pointer.CursorNorthEastSouthWestResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 25: // pointer.CursorNorthWestSouthEastResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			default:
 				[NSCursor.arrowCursor set];
@@ -563,7 +343,7 @@ CFTypeRef gio_createWindow(CFTypeRef viewRef, CGFloat width, CGFloat height, CGF
 			NSMiniaturizableWindowMask |
 			NSClosableWindowMask;
 
-		GioWindow* window = [[GioWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:rect
+		NSWindow* window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect:rect
 													   styleMask:styleMask
 														 backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
 														   defer:NO];
@@ -577,6 +357,7 @@ CFTypeRef gio_createWindow(CFTypeRef viewRef, CGFloat width, CGFloat height, CGF
 		NSView *view = (__bridge NSView *)viewRef;
 		[window setContentView:view];
 		[window makeFirstResponder:view];
+		window.releasedWhenClosed = NO;
 		window.delegate = globalWindowDel;
 		return (__bridge_retained CFTypeRef)window;
 	}
@@ -588,48 +369,27 @@ CFTypeRef gio_createView(void) {
 		GioView* view = [[GioView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
 		view.wantsLayer = YES;
 		view.layerContentsRedrawPolicy = NSViewLayerContentsRedrawDuringViewResize;
-
-		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:view
-												 selector:@selector(applicationWillUnhide:)
-													 name:NSApplicationWillUnhideNotification
-												   object:nil];
-		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:view
-												 selector:@selector(applicationDidHide:)
-													 name:NSApplicationDidHideNotification
-												   object:nil];
 		return CFBridgingRetain(view);
 	}
 }
 
-void gio_viewSetHandle(CFTypeRef viewRef, uintptr_t handle) {
-	@autoreleasepool {
-		GioView *v = (__bridge GioView *)viewRef;
-		v.handle = handle;
-	}
-}
-
 @implementation GioAppDelegate
 - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
 	[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
 	[NSApp activateIgnoringOtherApps:YES];
-	// Force the [NSApp run] call to return.
+	gio_onFinishLaunching();
-	[NSApp stop:nil];
+}
-	NSEvent *dummy = [NSEvent otherEventWithType:NSEventTypeApplicationDefined
+- (void)applicationDidHide:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
-	              location:NSZeroPoint
+	gio_onAppHide();
-	         modifierFlags:0
+}
-	             timestamp:0
+- (void)applicationWillUnhide:(NSNotification *)notification {
-	          windowNumber:0
+	gio_onAppShow();
-	               context:nil
-	               subtype:0
-	                 data1:0
-	                 data2:0];
-	[NSApp postEvent:dummy atStart:YES];
 }
 @end
 
-void gio_initApp() {
+void gio_main() {
 	@autoreleasepool {
-		[GioApplication sharedApplication];
+		[NSApplication sharedApplication];
 		GioAppDelegate *del = [[GioAppDelegate alloc] init];
 		[NSApp setDelegate:del];
 
@@ -651,22 +411,6 @@ void gio_initApp() {
 
 		globalWindowDel = [[GioWindowDelegate alloc] init];
 
-		// Runs until stopped by applicationDidFinishLaunching.
 		[NSApp run];
 	}
 }
-
-void gio_wakeupMainThread(void) {
-	@autoreleasepool {
-		NSEvent *dummy = [NSEvent otherEventWithType:NSEventTypeApplicationDefined
-		              location:NSZeroPoint
-		         modifierFlags:0
-		             timestamp:0
-		          windowNumber:0
-		               context:nil
-		               subtype:0
-		                 data1:0
-		                 data2:0];
-		[NSApp postEvent:dummy atStart:YES];
-	}
-}

app/os_unix.go

@@ -9,10 +9,16 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 )
 
+// ViewEvent provides handles to the underlying window objects for the
+// current display protocol.
+type ViewEvent interface {
+	implementsViewEvent()
+	ImplementsEvent()
+}
+
 type X11ViewEvent struct {
 	// Display is a pointer to the X11 Display created by XOpenDisplay.
 	Display unsafe.Pointer
@@ -33,13 +39,17 @@ type WaylandViewEvent struct {
 func (WaylandViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
 func (WaylandViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}
 
+func osMain() {
+	select {}
+}
+
 type windowDriver func(*callbacks, []Option) error
 
 // Instead of creating files with build tags for each combination of wayland +/- x11
 // let each driver initialize these variables with their own version of createWindow.
 var wlDriver, x11Driver windowDriver
 
-func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	var errFirst error
 	for _, d := range []windowDriver{wlDriver, x11Driver} {
 		if d == nil {
@@ -47,39 +57,16 @@ func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) {
 		}
 		err := d(window, options)
 		if err == nil {
-			return
+			return nil
 		}
 		if errFirst == nil {
 			errFirst = err
 		}
 	}
-	window.SetDriver(&dummyDriver{
+	if errFirst != nil {
-		win:     window,
+		return errFirst
-		wakeups: make(chan event.Event, 1),
-	})
-	if errFirst == nil {
-		errFirst = errors.New("app: no window driver available")
-	}
-	window.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: errFirst})
-}
-
-type dummyDriver struct {
-	win     *callbacks
-	wakeups chan event.Event
-}
-
-func (d *dummyDriver) Event() event.Event {
-	if e, ok := d.win.nextEvent(); ok {
-		return e
-	}
-	return <-d.wakeups
-}
-
-func (d *dummyDriver) Invalidate() {
-	select {
-	case d.wakeups <- wakeupEvent{}:
-	default:
 	}
+	return errors.New("app: no window driver available")
 }
 
 // xCursor contains mapping from pointer.Cursor to XCursor.

app/os_wayland.go

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
 	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -26,12 +26,10 @@ import (
 	"gioui.org/app/internal/xkb"
 	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/fling"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
@@ -100,9 +98,7 @@ type wlDisplay struct {
 		read, write int
 	}
 
-	repeat        repeatState
+	repeat repeatState
-	poller        poller
-	readClipClose chan struct{}
 }
 
 type wlSeat struct {
@@ -142,7 +138,7 @@ type repeatState struct {
 	delay time.Duration
 
 	key   uint32
-	win   *window
+	win   *callbacks
 	stopC chan struct{}
 
 	start time.Duration
@@ -172,23 +168,7 @@ type window struct {
 	cursor struct {
 		theme  *C.struct_wl_cursor_theme
 		cursor *C.struct_wl_cursor
-		// system is the active cursor for system gestures
+		surf   *C.struct_wl_surface
-		// such as border resizes and window moves. It
-		// is nil if the pointer is not in a system gesture
-		// area.
-		system  *C.struct_wl_cursor
-		surf    *C.struct_wl_surface
-		cursors struct {
-			pointer         *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeNorth     *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeSouth     *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeWest      *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeEast      *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeNorthWest *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeNorthEast *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeSouthWest *C.struct_wl_cursor
-			resizeSouthEast *C.struct_wl_cursor
-		}
 	}
 
 	fling struct {
@@ -199,10 +179,12 @@ type window struct {
 		dir            f32.Point
 	}
 
-	configured        bool
+	stage             system.Stage
+	dead              bool
 	lastFrameCallback *C.struct_wl_callback
 
 	animating bool
+	redraw    bool
 	// The most recent configure serial waiting to be ack'ed.
 	serial C.uint32_t
 	scale  int
@@ -212,13 +194,9 @@ type window struct {
 	wsize        image.Point // window config size before going fullscreen or maximized
 	inCompositor bool        // window is moving or being resized
 
-	clipReads chan transfer.DataEvent
+	clipReads chan clipboard.Event
 
 	wakeups chan struct{}
-
-	// invMu avoids the race between the destruction of disp and
-	// Invalidate waking it up.
-	invMu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 type poller struct {
@@ -267,17 +245,25 @@ func newWLWindow(callbacks *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	w.w = callbacks
-	w.w.SetDriver(w)
+	go func() {
+		defer d.destroy()
+		defer w.destroy()
 
-	// Finish and commit setup from createNativeWindow.
+		w.w.SetDriver(w)
-	w.Configure(options)
-	w.draw(true)
-	C.wl_surface_commit(w.surf)
 
-	w.ProcessEvent(WaylandViewEvent{
+		// Finish and commit setup from createNativeWindow.
-		Display: unsafe.Pointer(w.display()),
+		w.Configure(options)
-		Surface: unsafe.Pointer(w.surf),
+		C.wl_surface_commit(w.surf)
-	})
+
+		w.w.Event(WaylandViewEvent{
+			Display: unsafe.Pointer(w.display()),
+			Surface: unsafe.Pointer(w.surf),
+		})
+
+		err := w.loop()
+		w.w.Event(WaylandViewEvent{})
+		w.w.Event(system.DestroyEvent{Err: err})
+	}()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -353,7 +339,7 @@ func (d *wlDisplay) createNativeWindow(options []Option) (*window, error) {
 		ppdp:      ppdp,
 		ppsp:      ppdp,
 		wakeups:   make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		clipReads: make(chan transfer.DataEvent, 1),
+		clipReads: make(chan clipboard.Event, 1),
 	}
 	w.surf = C.wl_compositor_create_surface(d.compositor)
 	if w.surf == nil {
@@ -372,28 +358,14 @@ func (d *wlDisplay) createNativeWindow(options []Option) (*window, error) {
 		w.destroy()
 		return nil, errors.New("wayland: xdg_surface_get_toplevel failed")
 	}
-
+	w.cursor.theme = C.wl_cursor_theme_load(nil, 32, d.shm)
-	id := C.CString(ID)
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(id))
-	C.xdg_toplevel_set_app_id(w.topLvl, id)
-
-	cursorTheme := C.CString(os.Getenv("XCURSOR_THEME"))
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cursorTheme))
-	cursorSize := 32
-	if envSize, ok := os.LookupEnv("XCURSOR_SIZE"); ok && envSize != "" {
-		size, err := strconv.Atoi(envSize)
-		if err == nil {
-			cursorSize = size
-		}
-	}
-
-	w.cursor.theme = C.wl_cursor_theme_load(cursorTheme, C.int(cursorSize*w.scale), d.shm)
 	if w.cursor.theme == nil {
 		w.destroy()
 		return nil, errors.New("wayland: wl_cursor_theme_load failed")
 	}
-	w.loadCursors()
+	cname := C.CString("left_ptr")
-	w.cursor.cursor = w.cursor.cursors.pointer
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
+	w.cursor.cursor = C.wl_cursor_theme_get_cursor(w.cursor.theme, cname)
 	if w.cursor.cursor == nil {
 		w.destroy()
 		return nil, errors.New("wayland: wl_cursor_theme_get_cursor failed")
@@ -403,7 +375,6 @@ func (d *wlDisplay) createNativeWindow(options []Option) (*window, error) {
 		w.destroy()
 		return nil, errors.New("wayland: wl_compositor_create_surface failed")
 	}
-	C.wl_surface_set_buffer_scale(w.cursor.surf, C.int32_t(w.scale))
 	C.xdg_wm_base_add_listener(d.wm, &C.gio_xdg_wm_base_listener, unsafe.Pointer(w.surf))
 	C.wl_surface_add_listener(w.surf, &C.gio_surface_listener, unsafe.Pointer(w.surf))
 	C.xdg_surface_add_listener(w.wmSurf, &C.gio_xdg_surface_listener, unsafe.Pointer(w.surf))
@@ -417,33 +388,6 @@ func (d *wlDisplay) createNativeWindow(options []Option) (*window, error) {
 	return w, nil
 }
 
-func (w *window) loadCursors() {
-	w.cursor.cursors.pointer = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorDefault)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeNorth = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorNorthResize)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeSouth = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorSouthResize)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeWest = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorWestResize)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeEast = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorEastResize)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeSouthWest = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorSouthWestResize)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeSouthEast = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorSouthEastResize)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeNorthWest = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorNorthWestResize)
-	w.cursor.cursors.resizeNorthEast = w.loadCursor(pointer.CursorNorthEastResize)
-}
-
-func (w *window) loadCursor(name pointer.Cursor) *C.struct_wl_cursor {
-	if name == pointer.CursorNone {
-		return nil
-	}
-	xcursor := xCursor[name]
-	cname := C.CString(xcursor)
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
-	c := C.wl_cursor_theme_get_cursor(w.cursor.theme, cname)
-	if c == nil {
-		// Fall back to default cursor.
-		c = w.cursor.cursors.pointer
-	}
-	return c
-}
-
 func callbackDelete(k unsafe.Pointer) {
 	callbackMap.Delete(k)
 }
@@ -548,15 +492,15 @@ func gio_onSeatName(data unsafe.Pointer, seat *C.struct_wl_seat, name *C.char) {
 func gio_onXdgSurfaceConfigure(data unsafe.Pointer, wmSurf *C.struct_xdg_surface, serial C.uint32_t) {
 	w := callbackLoad(data).(*window)
 	w.serial = serial
+	w.redraw = true
 	C.xdg_surface_ack_configure(wmSurf, serial)
-	w.configured = true
+	w.setStage(system.StageRunning)
-	w.draw(true)
 }
 
 //export gio_onToplevelClose
 func gio_onToplevelClose(data unsafe.Pointer, topLvl *C.struct_xdg_toplevel) {
 	w := callbackLoad(data).(*window)
-	w.close(nil)
+	w.dead = true
 }
 
 //export gio_onToplevelConfigure
@@ -579,14 +523,8 @@ func gio_onToplevelDecorationConfigure(data unsafe.Pointer, deco *C.struct_zxdg_
 		w.config.Decorated = true
 	}
 	if decorated != w.config.Decorated {
-		w.setWindowConstraints()
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
-		if w.config.Decorated {
+		w.redraw = true
-			w.size.Y -= int(w.config.decoHeight)
-		} else {
-			w.size.Y += int(w.config.decoHeight)
-		}
-		w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
-		w.draw(true)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -622,7 +560,7 @@ func gio_onOutputDone(data unsafe.Pointer, output *C.struct_wl_output) {
 	d := callbackLoad(data).(*wlDisplay)
 	conf := d.outputConfig[output]
 	for _, w := range conf.windows {
-		w.updateOutputs()
+		w.redraw = true
 	}
 }
 
@@ -644,7 +582,7 @@ func gio_onSurfaceEnter(data unsafe.Pointer, surf *C.struct_wl_surface, output *
 	if w.config.Mode == Minimized {
 		// Minimized window got brought back up: it is no longer so.
 		w.config.Mode = Windowed
-		w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -690,7 +628,15 @@ func gio_onRegistryGlobal(data unsafe.Pointer, reg *C.struct_wl_registry, name C
 		}
 		callbackStore(unsafe.Pointer(s), d.seat)
 		C.wl_seat_add_listener(s, &C.gio_seat_listener, unsafe.Pointer(s))
-		d.bindDataDevice()
+		if d.dataDeviceManager == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		d.seat.dataDev = C.wl_data_device_manager_get_data_device(d.dataDeviceManager, s)
+		if d.seat.dataDev == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		callbackStore(unsafe.Pointer(d.seat.dataDev), d.seat)
+		C.wl_data_device_add_listener(d.seat.dataDev, &C.gio_data_device_listener, unsafe.Pointer(d.seat.dataDev))
 	case "wl_shm":
 		d.shm = (*C.struct_wl_shm)(C.wl_registry_bind(reg, name, &C.wl_shm_interface, 1))
 	case "xdg_wm_base":
@@ -702,7 +648,6 @@ func gio_onRegistryGlobal(data unsafe.Pointer, reg *C.struct_wl_registry, name C
 		d.imm = (*C.struct_zwp_text_input_manager_v3)(C.wl_registry_bind(reg, name, &C.zwp_text_input_manager_v3_interface, 1))*/
 	case "wl_data_device_manager":
 		d.dataDeviceManager = (*C.struct_wl_data_device_manager)(C.wl_registry_bind(reg, name, &C.wl_data_device_manager_interface, 3))
-		d.bindDataDevice()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -789,8 +734,8 @@ func gio_onTouchDown(data unsafe.Pointer, touch *C.struct_wl_touch, serial, t C.
 		X: fromFixed(x) * float32(w.scale),
 		Y: fromFixed(y) * float32(w.scale),
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      pointer.Press,
+		Type:      pointer.Press,
 		Source:    pointer.Touch,
 		Position:  w.lastTouch,
 		PointerID: pointer.ID(id),
@@ -805,8 +750,8 @@ func gio_onTouchUp(data unsafe.Pointer, touch *C.struct_wl_touch, serial, t C.ui
 	s.serial = serial
 	w := s.touchFoci[id]
 	delete(s.touchFoci, id)
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      pointer.Release,
+		Type:      pointer.Release,
 		Source:    pointer.Touch,
 		Position:  w.lastTouch,
 		PointerID: pointer.ID(id),
@@ -823,8 +768,8 @@ func gio_onTouchMotion(data unsafe.Pointer, touch *C.struct_wl_touch, t C.uint32
 		X: fromFixed(x) * float32(w.scale),
 		Y: fromFixed(y) * float32(w.scale),
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      pointer.Move,
+		Type:      pointer.Move,
 		Position:  w.lastTouch,
 		Source:    pointer.Touch,
 		PointerID: pointer.ID(id),
@@ -842,8 +787,8 @@ func gio_onTouchCancel(data unsafe.Pointer, touch *C.struct_wl_touch) {
 	s := callbackLoad(data).(*wlSeat)
 	for id, w := range s.touchFoci {
 		delete(s.touchFoci, id)
-		w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-			Kind:   pointer.Cancel,
+			Type:   pointer.Cancel,
 			Source: pointer.Touch,
 		})
 	}
@@ -868,7 +813,7 @@ func gio_onPointerLeave(data unsafe.Pointer, p *C.struct_wl_pointer, serial C.ui
 	s.serial = serial
 	if w.inCompositor {
 		w.inCompositor = false
-		w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Cancel})
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{Type: pointer.Cancel})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -902,35 +847,21 @@ func gio_onPointerButton(data unsafe.Pointer, p *C.struct_wl_pointer, serial, t,
 	default:
 		return
 	}
-	if state == 1 && btn == pointer.ButtonPrimary {
+	var typ pointer.Type
-		if _, edge := w.systemGesture(); edge != 0 {
-			w.resize(serial, edge)
-			return
-		}
-		act, ok := w.w.ActionAt(w.lastPos)
-		if ok && w.config.Mode == Windowed {
-			switch act {
-			case system.ActionMove:
-				w.move(serial)
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	var kind pointer.Kind
 	switch state {
 	case 0:
 		w.pointerBtns &^= btn
-		kind = pointer.Release
+		typ = pointer.Release
 		// Move or resize gestures no longer applies.
 		w.inCompositor = false
 	case 1:
 		w.pointerBtns |= btn
-		kind = pointer.Press
+		typ = pointer.Press
 	}
 	w.flushScroll()
 	w.resetFling()
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    pointer.Mouse,
 		Buttons:   w.pointerBtns,
 		Position:  w.lastPos,
@@ -952,12 +883,7 @@ func gio_onPointerAxis(data unsafe.Pointer, p *C.struct_wl_pointer, t, axis C.ui
 	case C.WL_POINTER_AXIS_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL:
 		w.scroll.dist.X += v
 	case C.WL_POINTER_AXIS_VERTICAL_SCROLL:
-		// horizontal scroll if shift + mousewheel(up/down) pressed.
+		w.scroll.dist.Y += v
-		if w.disp.xkb.Modifiers() == key.ModShift {
-			w.scroll.dist.X += v
-		} else {
-			w.scroll.dist.Y += v
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1007,44 +933,28 @@ func gio_onPointerAxisDiscrete(data unsafe.Pointer, p *C.struct_wl_pointer, axis
 	case C.WL_POINTER_AXIS_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL:
 		w.scroll.steps.X += int(discrete)
 	case C.WL_POINTER_AXIS_VERTICAL_SCROLL:
-		// horizontal scroll if shift + mousewheel(up/down) pressed.
+		w.scroll.steps.Y += int(discrete)
-		if w.disp.xkb.Modifiers() == key.ModShift {
-			w.scroll.steps.X += int(discrete)
-		} else {
-			w.scroll.steps.Y += int(discrete)
-		}
 	}
 }
 
 func (w *window) ReadClipboard() {
-	if w.disp.readClipClose != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	w.disp.readClipClose = make(chan struct{})
 	r, err := w.disp.readClipboard()
+	// Send empty responses on unavailable clipboards or errors.
 	if r == nil || err != nil {
+		w.w.Event(clipboard.Event{})
 		return
 	}
 	// Don't let slow clipboard transfers block event loop.
 	go func() {
 		defer r.Close()
-		data, _ := io.ReadAll(r)
+		data, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
-		e := transfer.DataEvent{
+		w.clipReads <- clipboard.Event{Text: string(data)}
-			Type: "application/text",
+		w.Wakeup()
-			Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-				return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(data))
-			},
-		}
-		select {
-		case w.clipReads <- e:
-			w.disp.wakeup()
-		case <-w.disp.readClipClose:
-		}
 	}()
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
-	w.disp.writeClipboard(s)
+	w.disp.writeClipboard([]byte(s))
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
@@ -1052,7 +962,6 @@ func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
 	prev := w.config
 	cnf := w.config
 	cnf.apply(cfg, options)
-	w.config.decoHeight = cnf.decoHeight
 
 	switch cnf.Mode {
 	case Fullscreen:
@@ -1095,35 +1004,25 @@ func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
 		w.setTitle(prev, cnf)
 		if prev.Size != cnf.Size {
 			w.config.Size = cnf.Size
-			w.config.Size.Y += int(w.decoHeight()) * w.scale
+			w.size = cnf.Size.Div(w.scale)
-			w.size = w.config.Size.Div(w.scale)
+		}
+		if prev.MinSize != cnf.MinSize {
+			w.config.MinSize = cnf.MinSize
+			C.xdg_toplevel_set_min_size(w.topLvl, C.int32_t(cnf.MinSize.X), C.int32_t(cnf.MinSize.Y))
+		}
+		if prev.MaxSize != cnf.MaxSize {
+			w.config.MaxSize = cnf.MaxSize
+			C.xdg_toplevel_set_max_size(w.topLvl, C.int32_t(cnf.MaxSize.X), C.int32_t(cnf.MaxSize.Y))
 		}
-		w.config.MinSize = cnf.MinSize
-		w.config.MaxSize = cnf.MaxSize
-		w.setWindowConstraints()
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
-}
+		w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
-
-func (w *window) setWindowConstraints() {
-	decoHeight := w.decoHeight()
-	if scaled := w.config.MinSize.Div(w.scale); scaled != (image.Point{}) {
-		C.xdg_toplevel_set_min_size(w.topLvl, C.int32_t(scaled.X), C.int32_t(scaled.Y+decoHeight))
 	}
-	if scaled := w.config.MaxSize.Div(w.scale); scaled != (image.Point{}) {
+	if w.config != prev {
-		C.xdg_toplevel_set_max_size(w.topLvl, C.int32_t(scaled.X), C.int32_t(scaled.Y+decoHeight))
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
 }
 
-// decoHeight returns the adjustment for client-side decorations, if applicable.
-// The unit is in surface-local coordinates.
-func (w *window) decoHeight() int {
-	if !w.config.Decorated {
-		return int(w.config.decoHeight)
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
 func (w *window) setTitle(prev, cnf Config) {
 	if prev.Title != cnf.Title {
 		w.config.Title = cnf.Title
@@ -1134,62 +1033,88 @@ func (w *window) setTitle(prev, cnf Config) {
 }
 
 func (w *window) Perform(actions system.Action) {
-	// NB. there is no way for a minimized window to be unminimized.
-	// https://wayland.app/protocols/xdg-shell#xdg_toplevel:request:set_minimized
 	walkActions(actions, func(action system.Action) {
 		switch action {
-		case system.ActionClose:
+		case system.ActionMove:
-			w.close(nil)
+			w.move()
+		default:
+			w.resize(action)
 		}
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) move(serial C.uint32_t) {
+func (w *window) move() {
-	s := w.seat
+	if !w.inCompositor && w.seat != nil {
-	if !w.inCompositor && s != nil {
 		w.inCompositor = true
-		C.xdg_toplevel_move(w.topLvl, s.seat, serial)
+		s := w.seat
+		C.xdg_toplevel_move(w.topLvl, s.seat, s.serial)
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) resize(serial, edge C.uint32_t) {
+func (w *window) resize(a system.Action) {
-	s := w.seat
+	if w.inCompositor || w.seat == nil {
-	if w.inCompositor || s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var edge int
+	switch a {
+	case system.ActionResizeNorth:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_TOP
+	case system.ActionResizeSouth:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_BOTTOM
+	case system.ActionResizeEast:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_LEFT
+	case system.ActionResizeWest:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_RIGHT
+	case system.ActionResizeNorthWest:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_TOP_LEFT
+	case system.ActionResizeNorthEast:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_TOP_RIGHT
+	case system.ActionResizeSouthEast:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_BOTTOM_RIGHT
+	case system.ActionResizeSouthWest:
+		edge = C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_BOTTOM_LEFT
+	default:
 		return
 	}
 	w.inCompositor = true
-	C.xdg_toplevel_resize(w.topLvl, s.seat, serial, edge)
+	s := w.seat
+	C.xdg_toplevel_resize(w.topLvl, s.seat, s.serial, C.uint32_t(edge))
+}
+
+func (w *window) Raise() {
+	// NB. there is no way for a minimized window to be unminimized.
+	// https://wayland.app/protocols/xdg-shell#xdg_toplevel:request:set_minimized
 }
 
 func (w *window) SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor) {
-	w.cursor.cursor = w.loadCursor(cursor)
-	w.updateCursor()
-}
-
-func (w *window) updateCursor() {
 	ptr := w.disp.seat.pointer
 	if ptr == nil {
 		return
 	}
+	if cursor == pointer.CursorNone {
+		C.wl_pointer_set_cursor(ptr, w.serial, nil, 0, 0)
+		return
+	}
+
+	xcursor := xCursor[cursor]
+	cname := C.CString(xcursor)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
+	c := C.wl_cursor_theme_get_cursor(w.cursor.theme, cname)
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	w.cursor.cursor = c
 	w.setCursor(ptr, w.serial)
 }
 
 func (w *window) setCursor(pointer *C.struct_wl_pointer, serial C.uint32_t) {
-	c := w.cursor.system
-	if c == nil {
-		c = w.cursor.cursor
-	}
-	if c == nil {
-		C.wl_pointer_set_cursor(pointer, w.serial, nil, 0, 0)
-		return
-	}
 	// Get images[0].
-	img := *c.images
+	img := *w.cursor.cursor.images
 	buf := C.wl_cursor_image_get_buffer(img)
 	if buf == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	C.wl_pointer_set_cursor(pointer, serial, w.cursor.surf, C.int32_t(img.hotspot_x/C.uint(w.scale)), C.int32_t(img.hotspot_y/C.uint(w.scale)))
+	C.wl_pointer_set_cursor(pointer, serial, w.cursor.surf, C.int32_t(img.hotspot_x), C.int32_t(img.hotspot_y))
 	C.wl_surface_attach(w.cursor.surf, buf, 0, 0)
 	C.wl_surface_damage(w.cursor.surf, 0, 0, C.int32_t(img.width), C.int32_t(img.height))
 	C.wl_surface_commit(w.cursor.surf)
@@ -1222,8 +1147,7 @@ func gio_onKeyboardEnter(data unsafe.Pointer, keyboard *C.struct_wl_keyboard, se
 	w := callbackLoad(unsafe.Pointer(surf)).(*window)
 	s.keyboardFocus = w
 	s.disp.repeat.Stop(0)
-	w.config.Focused = true
+	w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: true})
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 }
 
 //export gio_onKeyboardLeave
@@ -1232,8 +1156,7 @@ func gio_onKeyboardLeave(data unsafe.Pointer, keyboard *C.struct_wl_keyboard, se
 	s.serial = serial
 	s.disp.repeat.Stop(0)
 	w := s.keyboardFocus
-	w.config.Focused = false
+	w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: false})
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 }
 
 //export gio_onKeyboardKey
@@ -1251,7 +1174,7 @@ func gio_onKeyboardKey(data unsafe.Pointer, keyboard *C.struct_wl_keyboard, seri
 			// There's no support for IME yet.
 			w.w.EditorInsert(ee.Text)
 		} else {
-			w.ProcessEvent(e)
+			w.w.Event(e)
 		}
 	}
 	if state != C.WL_KEYBOARD_KEY_STATE_PRESSED {
@@ -1286,7 +1209,7 @@ func (r *repeatState) Start(w *window, keyCode uint32, t time.Duration) {
 	r.now = 0
 	r.stopC = stopC
 	r.key = keyCode
-	r.win = w
+	r.win = w.w
 	rate, delay := r.rate, r.delay
 	go func() {
 		timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
@@ -1344,9 +1267,9 @@ func (r *repeatState) Repeat(d *wlDisplay) {
 		for _, e := range d.xkb.DispatchKey(r.key, key.Press) {
 			if ee, ok := e.(key.EditEvent); ok {
 				// There's no support for IME yet.
-				r.win.w.EditorInsert(ee.Text)
+				r.win.EditorInsert(ee.Text)
 			} else {
-				r.win.ProcessEvent(e)
+				r.win.Event(e)
 			}
 		}
 		r.last += delay
@@ -1359,106 +1282,37 @@ func gio_onFrameDone(data unsafe.Pointer, callback *C.struct_wl_callback, t C.ui
 	w := callbackLoad(data).(*window)
 	if w.lastFrameCallback == callback {
 		w.lastFrameCallback = nil
-		w.draw(false)
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) close(err error) {
+func (w *window) loop() error {
-	w.ProcessEvent(WaylandViewEvent{})
+	var p poller
-	w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: err})
-}
-
-func (w *window) dispatch() {
-	if w.disp == nil {
-		<-w.wakeups
-		w.w.Invalidate()
-		return
-	}
-	if err := w.disp.dispatch(); err != nil {
-		w.close(err)
-		return
-	}
-	select {
-	case e := <-w.clipReads:
-		w.disp.readClipClose = nil
-		w.ProcessEvent(e)
-	case <-w.wakeups:
-		w.w.Invalidate()
-	default:
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
-	w.w.ProcessEvent(e)
-}
-
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
 	for {
-		evt, ok := w.w.nextEvent()
+		if err := w.disp.dispatch(&p); err != nil {
-		if !ok {
+			return err
-			w.dispatch()
-			continue
 		}
-		if _, destroy := evt.(DestroyEvent); destroy {
+		select {
-			w.destroy()
+		case e := <-w.clipReads:
-			w.invMu.Lock()
+			w.w.Event(e)
-			w.disp.destroy()
+		case <-w.wakeups:
-			w.disp = nil
+			w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
-			w.invMu.Unlock()
+		default:
 		}
-		return evt
+		if w.dead {
-	}
+			break
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	select {
-	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
-	default:
-		return
-	}
-	w.invMu.Lock()
-	defer w.invMu.Unlock()
-	if w.disp != nil {
-		w.disp.wakeup()
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	f()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.w.ProcessFrame(frame, nil)
-}
-
-// bindDataDevice initializes the dataDev field if and only if both
-// the seat and dataDeviceManager fields are initialized.
-func (d *wlDisplay) bindDataDevice() {
-	if d.seat != nil && d.dataDeviceManager != nil {
-		d.seat.dataDev = C.wl_data_device_manager_get_data_device(d.dataDeviceManager, d.seat.seat)
-		if d.seat.dataDev == nil {
-			return
 		}
-		callbackStore(unsafe.Pointer(d.seat.dataDev), d.seat)
+		w.draw()
-		C.wl_data_device_add_listener(d.seat.dataDev, &C.gio_data_device_listener, unsafe.Pointer(d.seat.dataDev))
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *wlDisplay) dispatch() error {
+func (d *wlDisplay) dispatch(p *poller) error {
-	// wl_display_prepare_read records the current thread for
-	// use in wl_display_read_events or wl_display_cancel_events.
-	runtime.LockOSThread()
-	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
-
 	dispfd := C.wl_display_get_fd(d.disp)
 	// Poll for events and notifications.
-	pollfds := append(d.poller.pollfds[:0],
+	pollfds := append(p.pollfds[:0],
 		syscall.PollFd{Fd: int32(dispfd), Events: syscall.POLLIN | syscall.POLLERR},
 		syscall.PollFd{Fd: int32(d.notify.read), Events: syscall.POLLIN | syscall.POLLERR},
 	)
-	for C.wl_display_prepare_read(d.disp) != 0 {
-		C.wl_display_dispatch_pending(d.disp)
-	}
 	dispFd := &pollfds[0]
 	if ret, err := C.wl_display_flush(d.disp); ret < 0 {
 		if err != syscall.EAGAIN {
@@ -1469,25 +1323,11 @@ func (d *wlDisplay) dispatch() error {
 		dispFd.Events |= syscall.POLLOUT
 	}
 	if _, err := syscall.Poll(pollfds, -1); err != nil && err != syscall.EINTR {
-		C.wl_display_cancel_read(d.disp)
 		return fmt.Errorf("wayland: poll failed: %v", err)
 	}
-	if dispFd.Revents&(syscall.POLLERR|syscall.POLLHUP) != 0 {
-		C.wl_display_cancel_read(d.disp)
-		return errors.New("wayland: display file descriptor gone")
-	}
-	// Handle events.
-	if dispFd.Revents&syscall.POLLIN != 0 {
-		if ret, err := C.wl_display_read_events(d.disp); ret < 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("wayland: wl_display_read_events failed: %v", err)
-		}
-		C.wl_display_dispatch_pending(d.disp)
-	} else {
-		C.wl_display_cancel_read(d.disp)
-	}
 	// Clear notifications.
 	for {
-		_, err := syscall.Read(d.notify.read, d.poller.buf[:])
+		_, err := syscall.Read(d.notify.read, p.buf[:])
 		if err == syscall.EAGAIN {
 			break
 		}
@@ -1495,15 +1335,29 @@ func (d *wlDisplay) dispatch() error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("wayland: read from notify pipe failed: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
+	// Handle events
+	switch {
+	case dispFd.Revents&syscall.POLLIN != 0:
+		if ret, err := C.wl_display_dispatch(d.disp); ret < 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("wayland: wl_display_dispatch failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	case dispFd.Revents&(syscall.POLLERR|syscall.POLLHUP) != 0:
+		return errors.New("wayland: display file descriptor gone")
+	}
 	d.repeat.Repeat(d)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
+	select {
+	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+	w.disp.wakeup()
+}
+
 func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
 	w.animating = anim
-	if anim {
-		w.draw(false)
-	}
 }
 
 // Wakeup wakes up the event loop through the notification pipe.
@@ -1639,8 +1493,8 @@ func (w *window) flushScroll() {
 	if total == (f32.Point{}) {
 		return
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      pointer.Scroll,
+		Type:      pointer.Scroll,
 		Source:    pointer.Mouse,
 		Buttons:   w.pointerBtns,
 		Position:  w.lastPos,
@@ -1662,57 +1516,14 @@ func (w *window) onPointerMotion(x, y C.wl_fixed_t, t C.uint32_t) {
 		X: fromFixed(x) * float32(w.scale),
 		Y: fromFixed(y) * float32(w.scale),
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      pointer.Move,
+		Type:      pointer.Move,
 		Position:  w.lastPos,
 		Buttons:   w.pointerBtns,
 		Source:    pointer.Mouse,
 		Time:      time.Duration(t) * time.Millisecond,
 		Modifiers: w.disp.xkb.Modifiers(),
 	})
-	c, _ := w.systemGesture()
-	if c != w.cursor.system {
-		w.cursor.system = c
-		w.updateCursor()
-	}
-}
-
-// updateCursor updates the system gesture cursor according to the pointer
-// position.
-func (w *window) systemGesture() (*C.struct_wl_cursor, C.uint32_t) {
-	if w.config.Mode != Windowed || w.config.Decorated {
-		return nil, 0
-	}
-	_, cfg := w.getConfig()
-	border := cfg.Dp(3)
-	x, y, size := int(w.lastPos.X), int(w.lastPos.Y), w.config.Size
-	north := y <= border
-	south := y >= size.Y-border
-	west := x <= border
-	east := x >= size.X-border
-
-	switch {
-	default:
-		fallthrough
-	case !north && !south && !west && !east:
-		return nil, 0
-	case north && west:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeNorthWest, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_TOP_LEFT
-	case north && east:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeNorthEast, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_TOP_RIGHT
-	case south && west:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeSouthWest, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_BOTTOM_LEFT
-	case south && east:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeSouthEast, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_BOTTOM_RIGHT
-	case north:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeNorth, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_TOP
-	case south:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeSouth, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_BOTTOM
-	case west:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeWest, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_LEFT
-	case east:
-		return w.cursor.cursors.resizeEast, C.XDG_TOPLEVEL_RESIZE_EDGE_RIGHT
-	}
 }
 
 func (w *window) updateOpaqueRegion() {
@@ -1738,10 +1549,12 @@ func (w *window) updateOutputs() {
 	if found && scale != w.scale {
 		w.scale = scale
 		C.wl_surface_set_buffer_scale(w.surf, C.int32_t(w.scale))
-		w.draw(true)
 	}
-	if found {
+	if !found {
-		w.draw(true)
+		w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
+	} else {
+		w.setStage(system.StageRunning)
+		w.redraw = true
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1753,10 +1566,7 @@ func (w *window) getConfig() (image.Point, unit.Metric) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
+func (w *window) draw() {
-	if !w.configured {
-		return
-	}
 	w.flushScroll()
 	size, cfg := w.getConfig()
 	if cfg == (unit.Metric{}) {
@@ -1764,9 +1574,11 @@ func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
 	}
 	if size != w.config.Size {
 		w.config.Size = size
-		w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
 	anim := w.animating || w.fling.anim.Active()
+	sync := w.redraw
+	w.redraw = false
 	// Draw animation only when not waiting for frame callback.
 	redrawAnim := anim && w.lastFrameCallback == nil
 	if !redrawAnim && !sync {
@@ -1777,8 +1589,8 @@ func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
 		// Use the surface as listener data for gio_onFrameDone.
 		C.wl_callback_add_listener(w.lastFrameCallback, &C.gio_callback_listener, unsafe.Pointer(w.surf))
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(frameEvent{
+	w.w.Event(frameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
 			Now:    time.Now(),
 			Size:   w.config.Size,
 			Metric: cfg,
@@ -1787,6 +1599,14 @@ func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
 	})
 }
 
+func (w *window) setStage(s system.Stage) {
+	if s == w.stage {
+		return
+	}
+	w.stage = s
+	w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: s})
+}
+
 func (w *window) display() *C.struct_wl_display {
 	return w.disp.disp
 }
@@ -1802,16 +1622,21 @@ func (w *window) SetInputHint(_ key.InputHint) {}
 
 func (w *window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {}
 
+// Close the window.
+func (w *window) Close() {
+	w.dead = true
+}
+
 func (w *window) NewContext() (context, error) {
 	var firstErr error
-	if f := newWaylandEGLContext; f != nil {
+	if f := newWaylandVulkanContext; f != nil {
 		c, err := f(w)
 		if err == nil {
 			return c, nil
 		}
 		firstErr = err
 	}
-	if f := newWaylandVulkanContext; f != nil {
+	if f := newWaylandEGLContext; f != nil {
 		c, err := f(w)
 		if err == nil {
 			return c, nil
@@ -1878,10 +1703,6 @@ func newWLDisplay() (*wlDisplay, error) {
 }
 
 func (d *wlDisplay) destroy() {
-	if d.readClipClose != nil {
-		close(d.readClipClose)
-		d.readClipClose = nil
-	}
 	if d.notify.write != 0 {
 		syscall.Close(d.notify.write)
 		d.notify.write = 0
@@ -1923,7 +1744,6 @@ func (d *wlDisplay) destroy() {
 	if d.disp != nil {
 		C.wl_display_disconnect(d.disp)
 		callbackDelete(unsafe.Pointer(d.disp))
-		d.disp = nil
 	}
 }
 

app/os_windows.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
-	"io"
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
@@ -19,26 +18,30 @@ import (
 	syscall "golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 
 	"gioui.org/app/internal/windows"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 	gowindows "golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
 )
 
-type Win32ViewEvent struct {
+type ViewEvent struct {
 	HWND uintptr
 }
 
+type winDeltas struct {
+	width  int32
+	height int32
+}
+
 type window struct {
 	hwnd        syscall.Handle
 	hdc         syscall.Handle
 	w           *callbacks
+	stage       system.Stage
 	pointerBtns pointer.Buttons
 
 	// cursorIn tracks whether the cursor was inside the window according
@@ -51,12 +54,8 @@ type window struct {
 
 	animating bool
 
-	borderSize image.Point
+	deltas winDeltas
-	config     Config
+	config Config
-	loop       *eventLoop
-
-	// invMu avoids the race between destroying the window and Invalidate.
-	invMu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 const _WM_WAKEUP = windows.WM_USER + iota
@@ -85,38 +84,40 @@ var resources struct {
 	cursor syscall.Handle
 }
 
-func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func osMain() {
-	done := make(chan struct{})
+	select {}
+}
+
+func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) error {
+	cerr := make(chan error)
 	go func() {
 		// GetMessage and PeekMessage can filter on a window HWND, but
 		// then thread-specific messages such as WM_QUIT are ignored.
 		// Instead lock the thread so window messages arrive through
 		// unfiltered GetMessage calls.
 		runtime.LockOSThread()
-
+		w, err := createNativeWindow()
-		w := &window{
-			w: win,
-		}
-		w.loop = newEventLoop(w.w, w.wakeup)
-		w.w.SetDriver(w)
-		err := w.init()
-		done <- struct{}{}
 		if err != nil {
-			w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: err})
+			cerr <- err
 			return
 		}
+		cerr <- nil
 		winMap.Store(w.hwnd, w)
 		defer winMap.Delete(w.hwnd)
-		w.ProcessEvent(Win32ViewEvent{HWND: uintptr(w.hwnd)})
+		w.w = window
+		w.w.SetDriver(w)
+		w.w.Event(ViewEvent{HWND: uintptr(w.hwnd)})
 		w.Configure(options)
 		windows.SetForegroundWindow(w.hwnd)
 		windows.SetFocus(w.hwnd)
 		// Since the window class for the cursor is null,
 		// set it here to show the cursor.
 		w.SetCursor(pointer.CursorDefault)
-		w.runLoop()
+		if err := w.loop(); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
 	}()
-	<-done
+	return <-cerr
 }
 
 // initResources initializes the resources global.
@@ -149,20 +150,18 @@ func initResources() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-const dwExStyle = windows.WS_EX_APPWINDOW | windows.WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE
+func createNativeWindow() (*window, error) {
-
-func (w *window) init() error {
 	var resErr error
 	resources.once.Do(func() {
 		resErr = initResources()
 	})
 	if resErr != nil {
-		return resErr
+		return nil, resErr
 	}
-	const dwStyle = windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
+	dwStyle := uint32(windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW)
+	dwExStyle := uint32(windows.WS_EX_APPWINDOW | windows.WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE)
 
-	hwnd, err := windows.CreateWindowEx(
+	hwnd, err := windows.CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle,
-		dwExStyle,
 		resources.class,
 		"",
 		dwStyle|windows.WS_CLIPSIBLINGS|windows.WS_CLIPCHILDREN,
@@ -173,32 +172,55 @@ func (w *window) init() error {
 		resources.handle,
 		0)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	w := &window{
+		hwnd: hwnd,
 	}
 	w.hdc, err = windows.GetDC(hwnd)
 	if err != nil {
-		windows.DestroyWindow(hwnd)
+		return nil, err
-		return err
 	}
-	w.hwnd = hwnd
+	return w, nil
-	return nil
 }
 
 // update() handles changes done by the user, and updates the configuration.
 // It reads the window style and size/position and updates w.config.
 // If anything has changed it emits a ConfigEvent to notify the application.
 func (w *window) update() {
-	cr := windows.GetClientRect(w.hwnd)
+	var triggerEvent bool
-	w.config.Size = image.Point{
+	r := windows.GetWindowRect(w.hwnd)
-		X: int(cr.Right - cr.Left),
+	size := image.Point{
-		Y: int(cr.Bottom - cr.Top),
+		X: int(r.Right - r.Left - w.deltas.width),
+		Y: int(r.Bottom - r.Top - w.deltas.height),
 	}
 
-	w.borderSize = image.Pt(
+	// Check the window mode.
-		windows.GetSystemMetrics(windows.SM_CXSIZEFRAME),
+	mode := w.config.Mode
-		windows.GetSystemMetrics(windows.SM_CYSIZEFRAME),
+	p := windows.GetWindowPlacement(w.hwnd)
-	)
+	style := windows.GetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE)
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if style&windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW == 0 {
+		mode = Fullscreen
+		mi := windows.GetMonitorInfo(w.hwnd).Monitor
+		size = image.Point{X: int(mi.Right - mi.Left), Y: int(mi.Bottom - mi.Top)}
+	} else if p.IsMinimized() {
+		mode = Minimized
+	} else if p.IsMaximized() {
+		mode = Maximized
+	} else {
+		mode = Windowed
+	}
+	if size != w.config.Size {
+		w.config.Size = size
+		triggerEvent = true
+	}
+	if mode != w.config.Mode {
+		w.config.Mode = mode
+		triggerEvent = true
+	}
+	if triggerEvent {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	}
 }
 
 func windowProc(hwnd syscall.Handle, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) uintptr {
@@ -239,7 +261,7 @@ func windowProc(hwnd syscall.Handle, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) uintptr
 				e.State = key.Release
 			}
 
-			w.ProcessEvent(e)
+			w.w.Event(e)
 
 			if (wParam == windows.VK_F10) && (msg == windows.WM_SYSKEYDOWN || msg == windows.WM_SYSKEYUP) {
 				// Reserve F10 for ourselves, and don't let it open the system menu. Other Windows programs
@@ -260,109 +282,62 @@ func windowProc(hwnd syscall.Handle, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) uintptr
 	case windows.WM_MBUTTONUP:
 		w.pointerButton(pointer.ButtonTertiary, false, lParam, getModifiers())
 	case windows.WM_CANCELMODE:
-		w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-			Kind: pointer.Cancel,
+			Type: pointer.Cancel,
 		})
 	case windows.WM_SETFOCUS:
-		w.config.Focused = true
+		w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: true})
-		w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	case windows.WM_KILLFOCUS:
-		w.config.Focused = false
+		w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: false})
-		w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
-	case windows.WM_NCHITTEST:
-		if w.config.Decorated {
-			// Let the system handle it.
-			break
-		}
-		x, y := coordsFromlParam(lParam)
-		np := windows.Point{X: int32(x), Y: int32(y)}
-		windows.ScreenToClient(w.hwnd, &np)
-		return w.hitTest(int(np.X), int(np.Y))
 	case windows.WM_MOUSEMOVE:
 		x, y := coordsFromlParam(lParam)
 		p := f32.Point{X: float32(x), Y: float32(y)}
-		w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-			Kind:      pointer.Move,
+			Type:     pointer.Move,
-			Source:    pointer.Mouse,
+			Source:   pointer.Mouse,
-			Position:  p,
+			Position: p,
-			Buttons:   w.pointerBtns,
+			Buttons:  w.pointerBtns,
-			Time:      windows.GetMessageTime(),
+			Time:     windows.GetMessageTime(),
-			Modifiers: getModifiers(),
 		})
 	case windows.WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
-		w.scrollEvent(wParam, lParam, false, getModifiers())
+		w.scrollEvent(wParam, lParam, false)
 	case windows.WM_MOUSEHWHEEL:
-		w.scrollEvent(wParam, lParam, true, getModifiers())
+		w.scrollEvent(wParam, lParam, true)
 	case windows.WM_DESTROY:
-		w.ProcessEvent(Win32ViewEvent{})
+		w.w.Event(ViewEvent{})
-		w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{})
+		w.w.Event(system.DestroyEvent{})
 		if w.hdc != 0 {
 			windows.ReleaseDC(w.hdc)
 			w.hdc = 0
 		}
-		w.invMu.Lock()
 		// The system destroys the HWND for us.
 		w.hwnd = 0
-		w.invMu.Unlock()
 		windows.PostQuitMessage(0)
-	case windows.WM_NCCALCSIZE:
-		if w.config.Decorated {
-			// Let Windows handle decorations.
-			break
-		}
-		// No client areas; we draw decorations ourselves.
-		if wParam != 1 {
-			return 0
-		}
-		// lParam contains an NCCALCSIZE_PARAMS for us to adjust.
-		place := windows.GetWindowPlacement(w.hwnd)
-		if !place.IsMaximized() {
-			// Nothing do adjust.
-			return 0
-		}
-		// Adjust window position to avoid the extra padding in maximized
-		// state. See https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20150304-00/?p=44543.
-		// Note that trying to do the adjustment in WM_GETMINMAXINFO is ignored by Windows.
-		szp := (*windows.NCCalcSizeParams)(unsafe.Pointer(lParam))
-		mi := windows.GetMonitorInfo(w.hwnd)
-		szp.Rgrc[0] = mi.WorkArea
-		return 0
 	case windows.WM_PAINT:
 		w.draw(true)
 	case windows.WM_SIZE:
-		w.update()
 		switch wParam {
 		case windows.SIZE_MINIMIZED:
-			w.config.Mode = Minimized
+			w.update()
-		case windows.SIZE_MAXIMIZED:
+			w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
-			w.config.Mode = Maximized
+		case windows.SIZE_MAXIMIZED, windows.SIZE_RESTORED:
-		case windows.SIZE_RESTORED:
+			w.update()
-			if w.config.Mode != Fullscreen {
+			w.setStage(system.StageRunning)
-				w.config.Mode = Windowed
-			}
 		}
 	case windows.WM_GETMINMAXINFO:
-		mm := (*windows.MinMaxInfo)(unsafe.Pointer(lParam))
+		mm := (*windows.MinMaxInfo)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(lParam)))
-		var bw, bh int32
-		if w.config.Decorated {
-			r := windows.GetWindowRect(w.hwnd)
-			cr := windows.GetClientRect(w.hwnd)
-			bw = r.Right - r.Left - (cr.Right - cr.Left)
-			bh = r.Bottom - r.Top - (cr.Bottom - cr.Top)
-		}
 		if p := w.config.MinSize; p.X > 0 || p.Y > 0 {
 			mm.PtMinTrackSize = windows.Point{
-				X: int32(p.X) + bw,
+				X: int32(p.X) + w.deltas.width,
-				Y: int32(p.Y) + bh,
+				Y: int32(p.Y) + w.deltas.height,
 			}
 		}
 		if p := w.config.MaxSize; p.X > 0 || p.Y > 0 {
 			mm.PtMaxTrackSize = windows.Point{
-				X: int32(p.X) + bw,
+				X: int32(p.X) + w.deltas.width,
-				Y: int32(p.Y) + bh,
+				Y: int32(p.Y) + w.deltas.height,
 			}
 		}
-		return 0
 	case windows.WM_SETCURSOR:
 		w.cursorIn = (lParam & 0xffff) == windows.HTCLIENT
 		if w.cursorIn {
@@ -370,8 +345,7 @@ func windowProc(hwnd syscall.Handle, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) uintptr
 			return windows.TRUE
 		}
 	case _WM_WAKEUP:
-		w.loop.Wakeup()
+		w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
-		w.loop.FlushEvents()
 	case windows.WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION:
 		imc := windows.ImmGetContext(w.hwnd)
 		if imc == 0 {
@@ -416,12 +390,11 @@ func windowProc(hwnd syscall.Handle, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) uintptr
 			comp.Start = state.RunesIndex(state.UTF16Index(comp.Start) + start)
 		}
 		w.w.SetComposingRegion(comp)
-		pos := end
 		if lParam&windows.GCS_CURSORPOS != 0 {
 			rel := windows.ImmGetCompositionValue(imc, windows.GCS_CURSORPOS)
-			pos = state.RunesIndex(state.UTF16Index(rng.Start) + rel)
+			pos := state.RunesIndex(state.UTF16Index(rng.Start) + rel)
+			w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: pos, End: pos})
 		}
-		w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: pos, End: pos})
 		return windows.TRUE
 	case windows.WM_IME_ENDCOMPOSITION:
 		w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: -1, End: -1})
@@ -448,62 +421,16 @@ func getModifiers() key.Modifiers {
 	return kmods
 }
 
-// hitTest returns the non-client area hit by the point, needed to
-// process WM_NCHITTEST.
-func (w *window) hitTest(x, y int) uintptr {
-	if w.config.Mode == Fullscreen {
-		return windows.HTCLIENT
-	}
-	if w.config.Mode != Windowed {
-		// Only windowed mode should allow resizing.
-		return windows.HTCLIENT
-	}
-	// Check for resize handle before system actions; otherwise it can be impossible to
-	// resize a custom-decorations window when the system move area is flush with the
-	// edge of the window.
-	top := y <= w.borderSize.Y
-	bottom := y >= w.config.Size.Y-w.borderSize.Y
-	left := x <= w.borderSize.X
-	right := x >= w.config.Size.X-w.borderSize.X
-	switch {
-	case top && left:
-		return windows.HTTOPLEFT
-	case top && right:
-		return windows.HTTOPRIGHT
-	case bottom && left:
-		return windows.HTBOTTOMLEFT
-	case bottom && right:
-		return windows.HTBOTTOMRIGHT
-	case top:
-		return windows.HTTOP
-	case bottom:
-		return windows.HTBOTTOM
-	case left:
-		return windows.HTLEFT
-	case right:
-		return windows.HTRIGHT
-	}
-	p := f32.Pt(float32(x), float32(y))
-	if a, ok := w.w.ActionAt(p); ok && a == system.ActionMove {
-		return windows.HTCAPTION
-	}
-	return windows.HTCLIENT
-}
-
 func (w *window) pointerButton(btn pointer.Buttons, press bool, lParam uintptr, kmods key.Modifiers) {
-	if !w.config.Focused {
+	var typ pointer.Type
-		windows.SetFocus(w.hwnd)
-	}
-
-	var kind pointer.Kind
 	if press {
-		kind = pointer.Press
+		typ = pointer.Press
 		if w.pointerBtns == 0 {
 			windows.SetCapture(w.hwnd)
 		}
 		w.pointerBtns |= btn
 	} else {
-		kind = pointer.Release
+		typ = pointer.Release
 		w.pointerBtns &^= btn
 		if w.pointerBtns == 0 {
 			windows.ReleaseCapture()
@@ -511,8 +438,8 @@ func (w *window) pointerButton(btn pointer.Buttons, press bool, lParam uintptr,
 	}
 	x, y := coordsFromlParam(lParam)
 	p := f32.Point{X: float32(x), Y: float32(y)}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    pointer.Mouse,
 		Position:  p,
 		Buttons:   w.pointerBtns,
@@ -527,7 +454,7 @@ func coordsFromlParam(lParam uintptr) (int, int) {
 	return x, y
 }
 
-func (w *window) scrollEvent(wParam, lParam uintptr, horizontal bool, kmods key.Modifiers) {
+func (w *window) scrollEvent(wParam, lParam uintptr, horizontal bool) {
 	x, y := coordsFromlParam(lParam)
 	// The WM_MOUSEWHEEL coordinates are in screen coordinates, in contrast
 	// to other mouse events.
@@ -539,26 +466,20 @@ func (w *window) scrollEvent(wParam, lParam uintptr, horizontal bool, kmods key.
 	if horizontal {
 		sp.X = dist
 	} else {
-		// support horizontal scroll (shift + mousewheel)
+		sp.Y = -dist
-		if kmods == key.ModShift {
-			sp.X = -dist
-		} else {
-			sp.Y = -dist
-		}
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      pointer.Scroll,
+		Type:     pointer.Scroll,
-		Source:    pointer.Mouse,
+		Source:   pointer.Mouse,
-		Position:  p,
+		Position: p,
-		Buttons:   w.pointerBtns,
+		Buttons:  w.pointerBtns,
-		Scroll:    sp,
+		Scroll:   sp,
-		Modifiers: kmods,
+		Time:     windows.GetMessageTime(),
-		Time:      windows.GetMessageTime(),
 	})
 }
 
 // Adapted from https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20060126-00/?p=32513/
-func (w *window) runLoop() {
+func (w *window) loop() error {
 	msg := new(windows.Msg)
 loop:
 	for {
@@ -569,7 +490,7 @@ loop:
 		}
 		switch ret := windows.GetMessage(msg, 0, 0, 0); ret {
 		case -1:
-			panic(errors.New("GetMessage failed"))
+			return errors.New("GetMessage failed")
 		case 0:
 			// WM_QUIT received.
 			break loop
@@ -577,6 +498,7 @@ loop:
 		windows.TranslateMessage(msg)
 		windows.DispatchMessage(msg)
 	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (w *window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {
@@ -594,48 +516,27 @@ func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
 	w.animating = anim
 }
 
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
-	w.w.ProcessEvent(e)
-	w.loop.FlushEvents()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
-	return w.loop.Event()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	w.loop.Invalidate()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	w.loop.Run(f)
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.loop.Frame(frame)
-}
-
-func (w *window) wakeup() {
-	w.invMu.Lock()
-	defer w.invMu.Unlock()
-	if w.hwnd == 0 {
-		w.loop.Wakeup()
-		w.loop.FlushEvents()
-		return
-	}
 	if err := windows.PostMessage(w.hwnd, _WM_WAKEUP, 0, 0); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 }
 
+func (w *window) setStage(s system.Stage) {
+	if s != w.stage {
+		w.stage = s
+		w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: s})
+	}
+}
+
 func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
 	if w.config.Size.X == 0 || w.config.Size.Y == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	dpi := windows.GetWindowDPI(w.hwnd)
 	cfg := configForDPI(dpi)
-	w.ProcessEvent(frameEvent{
+	w.w.Event(frameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
 			Now:    time.Now(),
 			Size:   w.config.Size,
 			Metric: cfg,
@@ -681,81 +582,87 @@ func (w *window) readClipboard() error {
 	}
 	defer windows.GlobalUnlock(mem)
 	content := gowindows.UTF16PtrToString((*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(ptr)))
-	w.ProcessEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
+	w.w.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: content})
-		Type: "application/text",
-		Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-			return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(content))
-		},
-	})
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
+	oldConfig := w.config
 	dpi := windows.GetSystemDPI()
 	metric := configForDPI(dpi)
 	w.config.apply(metric, options)
 	windows.SetWindowText(w.hwnd, w.config.Title)
+	// Decorations are never disabled.
+	w.config.Decorated = true
 
-	style := windows.GetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE)
-	var showMode int32
-	var x, y, width, height int32
-	swpStyle := uintptr(windows.SWP_NOZORDER | windows.SWP_FRAMECHANGED)
-	winStyle := uintptr(windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW)
-	style &^= winStyle
 	switch w.config.Mode {
 	case Minimized:
-		style |= winStyle
+		windows.ShowWindow(w.hwnd, windows.SW_SHOWMINIMIZED)
-		swpStyle |= windows.SWP_NOMOVE | windows.SWP_NOSIZE
-		showMode = windows.SW_SHOWMINIMIZED
 
 	case Maximized:
-		style |= winStyle
+		// Set window style.
-		swpStyle |= windows.SWP_NOMOVE | windows.SWP_NOSIZE
+		style := windows.GetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE) & (^uintptr(windows.WS_MAXIMIZE))
-		showMode = windows.SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED
+		windows.SetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE, style|windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW)
+		mi := windows.GetMonitorInfo(w.hwnd).Monitor
+		w.config.Size = image.Point{X: int(mi.Right - mi.Left), Y: int(mi.Bottom - mi.Top)}
+		windows.ShowWindow(w.hwnd, windows.SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED)
 
 	case Windowed:
-		style |= winStyle
+		windows.SetWindowText(w.hwnd, w.config.Title)
-		showMode = windows.SW_SHOWNORMAL
+		// Set window style.
-		// Get target for client area size.
+		style := windows.GetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE) & (^uintptr(windows.WS_MAXIMIZE))
-		width = int32(w.config.Size.X)
+		windows.SetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE, style|windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW)
-		height = int32(w.config.Size.Y)
+		// Get target for client areaa size.
+		width := int32(w.config.Size.X)
+		height := int32(w.config.Size.Y)
 		// Get the current window size and position.
 		wr := windows.GetWindowRect(w.hwnd)
-		x = wr.Left
+		// Set desired window size.
-		y = wr.Top
+		wr.Right = wr.Left + width
-		if w.config.Decorated {
+		wr.Bottom = wr.Top + height
-			// Compute client size and position. Note that the client size is
+		// Convert from client size to window size.
-			// equal to the window size when we are in control of decorations.
+		r := wr
-			r := windows.Rect{
+		windows.AdjustWindowRectEx(&r, windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, windows.WS_EX_APPWINDOW|windows.WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE)
-				Right:  width,
+		// Calculate difference between client and full window sizes.
-				Bottom: height,
+		w.deltas.width = r.Right - wr.Right + wr.Left - r.Left
-			}
+		w.deltas.height = r.Bottom - wr.Bottom + wr.Top - r.Top
-			windows.AdjustWindowRectEx(&r, uint32(style), 0, dwExStyle)
+		// Set new window size and position.
-			width = r.Right - r.Left
+		x := wr.Left
-			height = r.Bottom - r.Top
+		y := wr.Top
-		}
+		dx := r.Right - r.Left
-		if !w.config.Decorated {
+		dy := r.Bottom - r.Top
-			// Enable drop shadows when we draw decorations.
+		if w.config.center {
-			windows.DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(w.hwnd, windows.Margins{-1, -1, -1, -1})
+			// Calculate center position on current monitor.
+			mi := windows.GetMonitorInfo(w.hwnd).Monitor
+			x = (mi.Right - mi.Left - dx) / 2
+			y = (mi.Bottom - mi.Top - dy) / 2
+			// Centering is done only once.
+			w.config.center = false
 		}
+		windows.SetWindowPos(w.hwnd, 0, x, y, dx, dy, windows.SWP_NOOWNERZORDER|windows.SWP_FRAMECHANGED)
+		windows.ShowWindow(w.hwnd, windows.SW_SHOWNORMAL)
 
 	case Fullscreen:
-		swpStyle |= windows.SWP_NOMOVE | windows.SWP_NOSIZE
+		style := windows.GetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE)
+		windows.SetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE, style&^windows.WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW)
 		mi := windows.GetMonitorInfo(w.hwnd)
-		x, y = mi.Monitor.Left, mi.Monitor.Top
+		w.config.Size = image.Point{X: int(mi.Monitor.Right - mi.Monitor.Left), Y: int(mi.Monitor.Bottom - mi.Monitor.Top)}
-		width = mi.Monitor.Right - mi.Monitor.Left
+		windows.SetWindowPos(w.hwnd, 0,
-		height = mi.Monitor.Bottom - mi.Monitor.Top
+			mi.Monitor.Left, mi.Monitor.Top,
-		showMode = windows.SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED
+			mi.Monitor.Right-mi.Monitor.Left,
+			mi.Monitor.Bottom-mi.Monitor.Top,
+			windows.SWP_NOOWNERZORDER|windows.SWP_FRAMECHANGED,
+		)
+		windows.ShowWindow(w.hwnd, windows.SW_SHOW)
+	}
+	// A config event is sent to the main event loop whenever the configuration is changed
+	if oldConfig != w.config {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
-	windows.SetWindowLong(w.hwnd, windows.GWL_STYLE, style)
-	windows.SetWindowPos(w.hwnd, 0, x, y, width, height, swpStyle)
-	windows.ShowWindow(w.hwnd, showMode)
-
-	w.update()
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
-	w.writeClipboard(string(s))
+	w.writeClipboard(s)
 }
 
 func (w *window) writeClipboard(s string) error {
@@ -854,40 +761,23 @@ func (w *window) HWND() (syscall.Handle, int, int) {
 	return w.hwnd, w.config.Size.X, w.config.Size.Y
 }
 
-func (w *window) Perform(acts system.Action) {
+func (w *window) Close() {
-	walkActions(acts, func(a system.Action) {
+	windows.PostMessage(w.hwnd, windows.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
-		switch a {
-		case system.ActionCenter:
-			if w.config.Mode != Windowed {
-				break
-			}
-			r := windows.GetWindowRect(w.hwnd)
-			dx := r.Right - r.Left
-			dy := r.Bottom - r.Top
-			// Calculate center position on current monitor.
-			mi := windows.GetMonitorInfo(w.hwnd).Monitor
-			x := (mi.Right - mi.Left - dx) / 2
-			y := (mi.Bottom - mi.Top - dy) / 2
-			windows.SetWindowPos(w.hwnd, 0, x, y, dx, dy, windows.SWP_NOZORDER|windows.SWP_FRAMECHANGED)
-		case system.ActionRaise:
-			w.raise()
-		case system.ActionClose:
-			windows.PostMessage(w.hwnd, windows.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
-		}
-	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) raise() {
+func (w *window) Perform(system.Action) {}
+
+func (w *window) Raise() {
 	windows.SetForegroundWindow(w.hwnd)
 	windows.SetWindowPos(w.hwnd, windows.HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 		windows.SWP_NOMOVE|windows.SWP_NOSIZE|windows.SWP_SHOWWINDOW)
 }
 
-func convertKeyCode(code uintptr) (key.Name, bool) {
+func convertKeyCode(code uintptr) (string, bool) {
 	if '0' <= code && code <= '9' || 'A' <= code && code <= 'Z' {
-		return key.Name(rune(code)), true
+		return string(rune(code)), true
 	}
-	var r key.Name
+	var r string
 
 	switch code {
 	case windows.VK_ESCAPE:
@@ -987,5 +877,4 @@ func configForDPI(dpi int) unit.Metric {
 	}
 }
 
-func (Win32ViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
+func (_ ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-func (Win32ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}

app/os_x11.go

@@ -30,20 +30,18 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
-	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 
 	syscall "golang.org/x/sys/unix"
@@ -95,10 +93,12 @@ type x11Window struct {
 		// _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT
 		wmStateMaximizedVert C.Atom
 	}
+	stage  system.Stage
 	metric unit.Metric
 	notify struct {
 		read, write int
 	}
+	dead bool
 
 	animating bool
 
@@ -111,11 +111,6 @@ type x11Window struct {
 	config Config
 
 	wakeups chan struct{}
-	handler x11EventHandler
-	buf     [100]byte
-
-	// invMy avoids the race between destroy and Invalidate.
-	invMu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 var (
@@ -158,8 +153,8 @@ func (w *x11Window) ReadClipboard() {
 	C.XConvertSelection(w.x, w.atoms.clipboard, w.atoms.utf8string, w.atoms.clipboardContent, w.xw, C.CurrentTime)
 }
 
-func (w *x11Window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func (w *x11Window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
-	w.clipboard.content = s
+	w.clipboard.content = []byte(s)
 	C.XSetSelectionOwner(w.x, w.atoms.clipboard, w.xw, C.CurrentTime)
 	C.XSetSelectionOwner(w.x, w.atoms.primary, w.xw, C.CurrentTime)
 }
@@ -177,7 +172,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 		switch prev.Mode {
 		case Fullscreen:
 		case Minimized:
-			w.raise()
+			w.Raise()
 			fallthrough
 		default:
 			w.config.Mode = Fullscreen
@@ -195,7 +190,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 		switch prev.Mode {
 		case Fullscreen:
 		case Minimized:
-			w.raise()
+			w.Raise()
 			fallthrough
 		default:
 			w.config.Mode = Maximized
@@ -210,7 +205,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 			C.XResizeWindow(w.x, w.xw, C.uint(cnf.Size.X), C.uint(cnf.Size.Y))
 		case Minimized:
 			w.config.Mode = Windowed
-			w.raise()
+			w.Raise()
 		case Maximized:
 			w.config.Mode = Windowed
 			w.sendWMStateEvent(_NET_WM_STATE_REMOVE, w.atoms.wmStateMaximizedHorz, w.atoms.wmStateMaximizedVert)
@@ -235,11 +230,29 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 		if shints.flags != 0 {
 			C.XSetWMNormalHints(w.x, w.xw, &shints)
 		}
+		if cnf.center {
+			screen := C.XDefaultScreen(w.x)
+			width := C.XDisplayWidth(w.x, screen)
+			height := C.XDisplayHeight(w.x, screen)
+
+			var attrs C.XWindowAttributes
+			C.XGetWindowAttributes(w.x, w.xw, &attrs)
+			width -= attrs.border_width
+			height -= attrs.border_width
+
+			sz := w.config.Size
+			x := (int(width) - sz.X) / 2
+			y := (int(height) - sz.Y) / 2
+
+			C.XMoveResizeWindow(w.x, w.xw, C.int(x), C.int(y), C.uint(sz.X), C.uint(sz.Y))
+		}
 	}
 	if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
 		w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if w.config != prev {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	}
 }
 
 func (w *x11Window) setTitle(prev, cnf Config) {
@@ -260,38 +273,9 @@ func (w *x11Window) setTitle(prev, cnf Config) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *x11Window) Perform(acts system.Action) {
+func (w *x11Window) Perform(system.Action) {}
-	walkActions(acts, func(a system.Action) {
-		switch a {
-		case system.ActionCenter:
-			w.center()
-		case system.ActionRaise:
-			w.raise()
-		}
-	})
-	if acts&system.ActionClose != 0 {
-		w.close()
-	}
-}
 
-func (w *x11Window) center() {
+func (w *x11Window) Raise() {
-	screen := C.XDefaultScreen(w.x)
-	width := C.XDisplayWidth(w.x, screen)
-	height := C.XDisplayHeight(w.x, screen)
-
-	var attrs C.XWindowAttributes
-	C.XGetWindowAttributes(w.x, w.xw, &attrs)
-	width -= attrs.border_width
-	height -= attrs.border_width
-
-	sz := w.config.Size
-	x := (int(width) - sz.X) / 2
-	y := (int(height) - sz.Y) / 2
-
-	C.XMoveResizeWindow(w.x, w.xw, C.int(x), C.int(y), C.uint(sz.X), C.uint(sz.Y))
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) raise() {
 	var xev C.XEvent
 	ev := (*C.XClientMessageEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(&xev))
 	*ev = C.XClientMessageEvent{
@@ -337,8 +321,8 @@ func (w *x11Window) SetInputHint(_ key.InputHint) {}
 
 func (w *x11Window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {}
 
-// close the window.
+// Close the window.
-func (w *x11Window) close() {
+func (w *x11Window) Close() {
 	var xev C.XEvent
 	ev := (*C.XClientMessageEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(&xev))
 	*ev = C.XClientMessageEvent{
@@ -382,47 +366,11 @@ func (w *x11Window) sendWMStateEvent(action C.long, atom1, atom2 C.ulong) {
 
 var x11OneByte = make([]byte, 1)
 
-func (w *x11Window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
+func (w *x11Window) Wakeup() {
-	w.w.ProcessEvent(e)
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) shutdown(err error) {
-	w.ProcessEvent(X11ViewEvent{})
-	w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: err})
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Event() event.Event {
-	for {
-		evt, ok := w.w.nextEvent()
-		if !ok {
-			w.dispatch()
-			continue
-		}
-		if _, destroy := evt.(DestroyEvent); destroy {
-			w.destroy()
-		}
-		return evt
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Run(f func()) {
-	f()
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.w.ProcessFrame(frame, nil)
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Invalidate() {
 	select {
 	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
 	default:
 	}
-	w.invMu.Lock()
-	defer w.invMu.Unlock()
-	if w.x == nil {
-		return
-	}
 	if _, err := syscall.Write(w.notify.write, x11OneByte); err != nil && err != syscall.EAGAIN {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to write to pipe: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -436,20 +384,16 @@ func (w *x11Window) window() (C.Window, int, int) {
 	return w.xw, w.config.Size.X, w.config.Size.Y
 }
 
-func (w *x11Window) dispatch() {
+func (w *x11Window) setStage(s system.Stage) {
-	if w.x == nil {
+	if s == w.stage {
-		// Only Invalidate can wake us up.
-		<-w.wakeups
-		w.w.Invalidate()
 		return
 	}
+	w.stage = s
+	w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: s})
+}
 
-	select {
+func (w *x11Window) loop() {
-	case <-w.wakeups:
+	h := x11EventHandler{w: w, xev: new(C.XEvent), text: make([]byte, 4)}
-		w.w.Invalidate()
-	default:
-	}
-
 	xfd := C.XConnectionNumber(w.x)
 
 	// Poll for events and notifications.
@@ -459,52 +403,65 @@ func (w *x11Window) dispatch() {
 	}
 	xEvents := &pollfds[0].Revents
 	// Plenty of room for a backlog of notifications.
+	buf := make([]byte, 100)
 
-	var syn, anim bool
+loop:
-	// Check for pending draw events before checking animation or blocking.
+	for !w.dead {
-	// This fixes an issue on Xephyr where on startup XPending() > 0 but
+		var syn, anim bool
-	// poll will still block. This also prevents no-op calls to poll.
+		// Check for pending draw events before checking animation or blocking.
-	if syn = w.handler.handleEvents(); !syn {
+		// This fixes an issue on Xephyr where on startup XPending() > 0 but
-		anim = w.animating
+		// poll will still block. This also prevents no-op calls to poll.
-		if !anim {
+		if syn = h.handleEvents(); !syn {
-			// Clear poll events.
+			anim = w.animating
-			*xEvents = 0
+			if !anim {
-			// Wait for X event or gio notification.
+				// Clear poll events.
-			if _, err := syscall.Poll(pollfds, -1); err != nil && err != syscall.EINTR {
+				*xEvents = 0
-				panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: poll failed: %w", err))
+				// Wait for X event or gio notification.
-			}
+				if _, err := syscall.Poll(pollfds, -1); err != nil && err != syscall.EINTR {
-			switch {
+					panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: poll failed: %w", err))
-			case *xEvents&syscall.POLLIN != 0:
+				}
-				syn = w.handler.handleEvents()
+				switch {
-			case *xEvents&(syscall.POLLERR|syscall.POLLHUP) != 0:
+				case *xEvents&syscall.POLLIN != 0:
+					syn = h.handleEvents()
+					if w.dead {
+						break loop
+					}
+				case *xEvents&(syscall.POLLERR|syscall.POLLHUP) != 0:
+					break loop
+				}
 			}
 		}
-	}
+		// Clear notifications.
-	// Clear notifications.
+		for {
-	for {
+			_, err := syscall.Read(w.notify.read, buf)
-		_, err := syscall.Read(w.notify.read, w.buf[:])
+			if err == syscall.EAGAIN {
-		if err == syscall.EAGAIN {
+				break
-			break
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: read from notify pipe failed: %w", err))
+			}
 		}
-		if err != nil {
+		select {
-			panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: read from notify pipe failed: %w", err))
+		case <-w.wakeups:
+			w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if (anim || syn) && w.config.Size.X != 0 && w.config.Size.Y != 0 {
+			w.w.Event(frameEvent{
+				FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
+					Now:    time.Now(),
+					Size:   w.config.Size,
+					Metric: w.metric,
+				},
+				Sync: syn,
+			})
 		}
 	}
-	if (anim || syn) && w.config.Size.X != 0 && w.config.Size.Y != 0 {
+	w.w.Event(system.DestroyEvent{Err: nil})
-		w.ProcessEvent(frameEvent{
-			FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
-				Now:    time.Now(),
-				Size:   w.config.Size,
-				Metric: w.metric,
-			},
-			Sync: syn,
-		})
-	}
 }
 
 func (w *x11Window) destroy() {
-	w.invMu.Lock()
-	defer w.invMu.Unlock()
 	if w.notify.write != 0 {
 		syscall.Close(w.notify.write)
 		w.notify.write = 0
@@ -519,11 +476,11 @@ func (w *x11Window) destroy() {
 	}
 	C.XDestroyWindow(w.x, w.xw)
 	C.XCloseDisplay(w.x)
-	w.x = nil
 }
 
 // atom is a wrapper around XInternAtom. Callers should cache the result
 // in order to limit round-trips to the X server.
+//
 func (w *x11Window) atom(name string, onlyIfExists bool) C.Atom {
 	cname := C.CString(name)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
@@ -537,6 +494,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) atom(name string, onlyIfExists bool) C.Atom {
 // x11EventHandler wraps static variables for the main event loop.
 // Its sole purpose is to prevent heap allocation and reduce clutter
 // in x11window.loop.
+//
 type x11EventHandler struct {
 	w    *x11Window
 	text []byte
@@ -544,6 +502,7 @@ type x11EventHandler struct {
 }
 
 // handleEvents returns true if the window needs to be redrawn.
+//
 func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 	w := h.w
 	xev := h.xev
@@ -577,13 +536,13 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 					// There's no support for IME yet.
 					w.w.EditorInsert(ee.Text)
 				} else {
-					w.ProcessEvent(e)
+					w.w.Event(e)
 				}
 			}
 		case C.ButtonPress, C.ButtonRelease:
 			bevt := (*C.XButtonEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			ev := pointer.Event{
-				Kind:   pointer.Press,
+				Type:   pointer.Press,
 				Source: pointer.Mouse,
 				Position: f32.Point{
 					X: float32(bevt.x),
@@ -593,7 +552,7 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 				Modifiers: w.xkb.Modifiers(),
 			}
 			if bevt._type == C.ButtonRelease {
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Release
+				ev.Type = pointer.Release
 			}
 			var btn pointer.Buttons
 			const scrollScale = 10
@@ -605,29 +564,21 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 			case C.Button3:
 				btn = pointer.ButtonSecondary
 			case C.Button4:
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
+				// scroll up
-				// scroll up or left (if shift is pressed).
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
-				if ev.Modifiers == key.ModShift {
+				ev.Scroll.Y = -scrollScale
-					ev.Scroll.X = -scrollScale
-				} else {
-					ev.Scroll.Y = -scrollScale
-				}
 			case C.Button5:
-				// scroll down or right (if shift is pressed).
+				// scroll down
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
-				if ev.Modifiers == key.ModShift {
+				ev.Scroll.Y = +scrollScale
-					ev.Scroll.X = +scrollScale
-				} else {
-					ev.Scroll.Y = +scrollScale
-				}
 			case 6:
 				// http://xahlee.info/linux/linux_x11_mouse_button_number.html
-				// scroll left.
+				// scroll left
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
 				ev.Scroll.X = -scrollScale * 2
 			case 7:
 				// scroll right
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
 				ev.Scroll.X = +scrollScale * 2
 			default:
 				continue
@@ -639,11 +590,11 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 				w.pointerBtns &^= btn
 			}
 			ev.Buttons = w.pointerBtns
-			w.ProcessEvent(ev)
+			w.w.Event(ev)
 		case C.MotionNotify:
 			mevt := (*C.XMotionEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
-			w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
+			w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
-				Kind:    pointer.Move,
+				Type:    pointer.Move,
 				Source:  pointer.Mouse,
 				Buttons: w.pointerBtns,
 				Position: f32.Point{
@@ -657,16 +608,14 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 			// redraw only on the last expose event
 			redraw = (*C.XExposeEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev)).count == 0
 		case C.FocusIn:
-			w.config.Focused = true
+			w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: true})
-			w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 		case C.FocusOut:
-			w.config.Focused = false
+			w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: false})
-			w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 		case C.ConfigureNotify: // window configuration change
 			cevt := (*C.XConfigureEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			if sz := image.Pt(int(cevt.width), int(cevt.height)); sz != w.config.Size {
 				w.config.Size = sz
-				w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+				w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 			}
 			// redraw will be done by a later expose event
 		case C.SelectionNotify:
@@ -688,12 +637,7 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 				break
 			}
 			str := C.GoStringN((*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(text.value)), C.int(text.nitems))
-			w.ProcessEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
+			w.w.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: str})
-				Type: "application/text",
-				Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-					return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(str))
-				},
-			})
 		case C.SelectionRequest:
 			cevt := (*C.XSelectionRequestEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			if (cevt.selection != w.atoms.clipboard && cevt.selection != w.atoms.primary) || cevt.property == C.None {
@@ -747,7 +691,7 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 			cevt := (*C.XClientMessageEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			switch *(*C.long)(unsafe.Pointer(&cevt.data)) {
 			case C.long(w.atoms.evDelWindow):
-				w.shutdown(nil)
+				w.dead = true
 				return false
 			}
 		}
@@ -829,10 +773,8 @@ func newX11Window(gioWin *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 		wakeups:      make(chan struct{}, 1),
 		config:       Config{Size: cnf.Size},
 	}
-	w.handler = x11EventHandler{w: w, xev: new(C.XEvent), text: make([]byte, 4)}
 	w.notify.read = pipe[0]
 	w.notify.write = pipe[1]
-	w.w.SetDriver(w)
 
 	if err := w.updateXkbKeymap(); err != nil {
 		w.destroy()
@@ -844,7 +786,7 @@ func newX11Window(gioWin *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	hints.flags = C.InputHint
 	C.XSetWMHints(dpy, win, &hints)
 
-	name := C.CString(ID)
+	name := C.CString(filepath.Base(os.Args[0]))
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(name))
 	wmhints := C.XClassHint{name, name}
 	C.XSetClassHint(dpy, win, &wmhints)
@@ -868,10 +810,18 @@ func newX11Window(gioWin *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	// extensions
 	C.XSetWMProtocols(dpy, win, &w.atoms.evDelWindow, 1)
 
-	// make the window visible on the screen
+	go func() {
-	C.XMapWindow(dpy, win)
+		w.w.SetDriver(w)
-	w.Configure(options)
+
-	w.ProcessEvent(X11ViewEvent{Display: unsafe.Pointer(dpy), Window: uintptr(win)})
+		// make the window visible on the screen
+		C.XMapWindow(dpy, win)
+		w.Configure(options)
+		w.w.Event(X11ViewEvent{Display: unsafe.Pointer(dpy), Window: uintptr(win)})
+		w.setStage(system.StageRunning)
+		w.loop()
+		w.w.Event(X11ViewEvent{})
+		w.destroy()
+	}()
 	return nil
 }
 

app/permission/bluetooth/main.go

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
 Package bluetooth implements permissions to access Bluetooth and Bluetooth
 Low Energy hardware, including the ability to discover and pair devices.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
-	<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth" android:required="false"/>
+    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth" android:required="false"/>
-	<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="false"/>
+    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="false"/>
 
 Note that ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION is required on Android before the Bluetooth
 device may be used.

app/permission/camera/main.go

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 /*
 Package camera implements permissions to access camera hardware.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
-	<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false"/>
+    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false"/>
 
 CAMERA is a "dangerous" permission. See documentation for package
 gioui.org/app/permission for more information.

app/permission/doc.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ program's source code:
 		_ "net"
 	)
 
-# Android -- Dangerous Permissions
+Android -- Dangerous Permissions
 
 Certain permissions on Android are marked with a protection level of
 "dangerous". This means that, in addition to including the relevant

app/permission/networkstate/main.go

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 /*
 Package networkstate implements permissions to access network connectivity information.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+
 */
 package networkstate

app/permission/storage/main.go

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 Package storage implements read and write storage permissions
 on mobile devices.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
 
 READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE and WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE are "dangerous" permissions.
 See documentation for package gioui.org/app/permission for more information.

app/permission/wakelock/wakelock.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-/*
-Package wakelock implements permission to acquire locks that keep the system
-from suspending.
-
-# Android
-
-The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
-
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>
-*/
-package wakelock

app/runmain.go

@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ func runMain() {
 		// Indirect call, since the linker does not know the address of main when
 		// laying down this package.
 		fn := mainMain
-		go fn()
+		fn()
 	})
 }

app/system.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-package app
-
-// DestroyEvent is the last event sent through
-// a window event channel.
-type DestroyEvent struct {
-	// Err is nil for normal window closures. If a
-	// window is prematurely closed, Err is the cause.
-	Err error
-}
-
-func (DestroyEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}

cmd/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+module gioui.org/cmd
+
+go 1.13
+
+require (
+	gioui.org v0.0.0-20220328154813-a3f147541fd0
+	github.com/akavel/rsrc v0.10.1
+	github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20191114225735-6626966fbae4
+	github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.5.2
+	golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20210628002857-a66eb6448b8d
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.6
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0
+)

cmd/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20201218220906-28db891af037/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
+eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3/go.mod h1:OYVuxibdk9OSLX8vAqydtRPP87PyTFcT9uH3MlEGBQA=
+gioui.org v0.0.0-20220328154813-a3f147541fd0 h1:n4FUiCT6P4a2wF6hwX4a5R8TpjAhu/d+3nhwZW16MAI=
+gioui.org v0.0.0-20220328154813-a3f147541fd0/go.mod h1:b8vBukexG6eYuXZa14asjLAWJ+JjbZ/ophEnS2FjYUg=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210808092351-bfe733dd3334/go.mod h1:A8M0Cn5o+vY5LTMlnRoK3O5kG+rH0kWfJjeKd9QpBmQ=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2 h1:AGDDxsJE1RpcXTAxPG2B4jrwVUJGFDjINIPi1jtO6pc=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2/go.mod h1:A8M0Cn5o+vY5LTMlnRoK3O5kG+rH0kWfJjeKd9QpBmQ=
+gioui.org/shader v1.0.6 h1:cvZmU+eODFR2545X+/8XucgZdTtEjR3QWW6W65b0q5Y=
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cmd/gogio/android_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+type AndroidTestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	sdkDir  string
+	adbPath string
+}
+
+var rxAdbDevice = regexp.MustCompile(`(.*)\s+device$`)
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	d.sdkDir = os.Getenv("ANDROID_SDK_ROOT")
+	if d.sdkDir == "" {
+		d.Skipf("Android SDK is required; set $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT")
+	}
+	d.adbPath = filepath.Join(d.sdkDir, "platform-tools", "adb")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(d.adbPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		d.Skipf("adb not found")
+	}
+
+	devOut := bytes.TrimSpace(d.adb("devices"))
+	devices := rxAdbDevice.FindAllSubmatch(devOut, -1)
+	switch len(devices) {
+	case 0:
+		d.Skipf("no Android devices attached via adb; skipping")
+	case 1:
+	default:
+		d.Skipf("multiple Android devices attached via adb; skipping")
+	}
+
+	// If the device is attached but asleep, it's probably just charging.
+	// Don't use it; the screen needs to be on and unlocked for the test to
+	// work.
+	if !bytes.Contains(
+		d.adb("shell", "dumpsys", "power"),
+		[]byte(" mWakefulness=Awake"),
+	) {
+		d.Skipf("Android device isn't awake; skipping")
+	}
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	apk := filepath.Join(d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-android"), "e2e.apk")
+	d.gogio("-target=android", "-appid="+appid, "-o="+apk, path)
+
+	// Make sure the app isn't installed already, and try to uninstall it
+	// when we finish. Previous failed test runs might have left the app.
+	d.tryUninstall()
+	d.adb("install", apk)
+	d.Cleanup(d.tryUninstall)
+
+	// Force our e2e app to be fullscreen, so that the android system bar at
+	// the top doesn't mess with our screenshots.
+	// TODO(mvdan): is there a way to do this via gio, so that we don't need
+	// to set up a global Android setting via the shell?
+	d.adb("shell", "settings", "put", "global", "policy_control", "immersive.full="+appid)
+
+	// Make sure the app isn't already running.
+	d.adb("shell", "pm", "clear", appid)
+
+	// Start listening for log messages.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, d.adbPath,
+			"logcat",
+			"-s",       // suppress other logs
+			"-T1",      // don't show previous log messages
+			appid+":*", // show all logs from our gio app ID
+		)
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+	}
+
+	// Start the app.
+	d.adb("shell", "monkey", "-p", appid, "1")
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	out := d.adb("shell", "screencap", "-p")
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(out))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) tryUninstall() {
+	cmd := exec.Command(d.adbPath, "shell", "pm", "uninstall", appid)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		if bytes.Contains(out, []byte("Unknown package")) {
+			// The package is not installed. Don't log anything.
+			return
+		}
+		d.Logf("could not uninstall: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) adb(args ...interface{}) []byte {
+	strs := []string{}
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		strs = append(strs, fmt.Sprint(arg))
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(d.adbPath, strs...)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	d.adb("shell", "input", "tap", x, y)
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

cmd/gogio/build_info.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type buildInfo struct {
+	appID    string
+	archs    []string
+	ldflags  string
+	minsdk   int
+	name     string
+	pkgDir   string
+	pkgPath  string
+	iconPath string
+	tags     string
+	target   string
+	version  int
+	key      string
+	password string
+}
+
+func newBuildInfo(pkgPath string) (*buildInfo, error) {
+	pkgMetadata, err := getPkgMetadata(pkgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	appID := getAppID(pkgMetadata)
+	appIcon := filepath.Join(pkgMetadata.Dir, "appicon.png")
+	if *iconPath != "" {
+		appIcon = *iconPath
+	}
+	bi := &buildInfo{
+		appID:    appID,
+		archs:    getArchs(),
+		ldflags:  getLdFlags(appID),
+		minsdk:   *minsdk,
+		name:     getPkgName(pkgMetadata),
+		pkgDir:   pkgMetadata.Dir,
+		pkgPath:  pkgPath,
+		iconPath: appIcon,
+		tags:     *extraTags,
+		target:   *target,
+		version:  *version,
+		key:      *signKey,
+		password: *signPass,
+	}
+	return bi, nil
+}
+
+func getArchs() []string {
+	if *archNames != "" {
+		return strings.Split(*archNames, ",")
+	}
+	switch *target {
+	case "js":
+		return []string{"wasm"}
+	case "ios", "tvos":
+		// Only 64-bit support.
+		return []string{"arm64", "amd64"}
+	case "android":
+		return []string{"arm", "arm64", "386", "amd64"}
+	case "windows":
+		goarch := os.Getenv("GOARCH")
+		if goarch == "" {
+			goarch = runtime.GOARCH
+		}
+		return []string{goarch}
+	default:
+		// TODO: Add flag tests.
+		panic("The target value has already been validated, this will never execute.")
+	}
+}
+
+func getLdFlags(appID string) string {
+	var ldflags []string
+	if extra := *extraLdflags; extra != "" {
+		ldflags = append(ldflags, strings.Split(extra, " ")...)
+	}
+	// Pass appID along, to be used for logging on platforms like Android.
+	ldflags = append(ldflags, fmt.Sprintf("-X gioui.org/app/internal/log.appID=%s", appID))
+	// Pass along all remaining arguments to the app.
+	if appArgs := flag.Args()[1:]; len(appArgs) > 0 {
+		ldflags = append(ldflags, fmt.Sprintf("-X gioui.org/app.extraArgs=%s", strings.Join(appArgs, "|")))
+	}
+	if m := *linkMode; m != "" {
+		ldflags = append(ldflags, "-linkmode="+m)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(ldflags, " ")
+}
+
+type packageMetadata struct {
+	PkgPath string
+	Dir     string
+}
+
+func getPkgMetadata(pkgPath string) (*packageMetadata, error) {
+	pkgImportPath, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "list", "-f", "{{.ImportPath}}", pkgPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pkgDir, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "list", "-f", "{{.Dir}}", pkgPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &packageMetadata{
+		PkgPath: pkgImportPath,
+		Dir:     pkgDir,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func getAppID(pkgMetadata *packageMetadata) string {
+	if *appID != "" {
+		return *appID
+	}
+	elems := strings.Split(pkgMetadata.PkgPath, "/")
+	domain := strings.Split(elems[0], ".")
+	name := ""
+	if len(elems) > 1 {
+		name = "." + elems[len(elems)-1]
+	}
+	if len(elems) < 2 && len(domain) < 2 {
+		name = "." + domain[0]
+		domain[0] = "localhost"
+	} else {
+		for i := 0; i < len(domain)/2; i++ {
+			opp := len(domain) - 1 - i
+			domain[i], domain[opp] = domain[opp], domain[i]
+		}
+	}
+
+	pkgDomain := strings.Join(domain, ".")
+	appid := []rune(pkgDomain + name)
+
+	// a Java-language-style package name may contain upper- and lower-case
+	// letters and underscores with individual parts separated by '.'.
+	// https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-element
+	for i, c := range appid {
+		if !('a' <= c && c <= 'z' || 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z' ||
+			c == '_' || c == '.') {
+			appid[i] = '_'
+		}
+	}
+	return string(appid)
+}
+
+func getPkgName(pkgMetadata *packageMetadata) string {
+	return path.Base(pkgMetadata.PkgPath)
+}

cmd/gogio/build_info_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+type expval struct {
+	in, out string
+}
+
+func TestAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []expval{
+		{"example", "localhost.example"},
+		{"example.com", "com.example"},
+		{"www.example.com", "com.example.www"},
+		{"examplecom/app", "examplecom.app"},
+		{"example.com/app", "com.example.app"},
+		{"www.example.com/app", "com.example.www.app"},
+		{"www.en.example.com/app", "com.example.en.www.app"},
+		{"example.com/dir/app", "com.example.app"},
+		{"example.com/dir.ext/app", "com.example.app"},
+		{"example.com/dir/app.ext", "com.example.app.ext"},
+		{"example-com.net/dir/app", "net.example_com.app"},
+	}
+
+	for i, test := range tests {
+		got := getAppID(&packageMetadata{PkgPath: test.in})
+		if exp := test.out; got != exp {
+			t.Errorf("(%d): expected '%s', got '%s'", i, exp, got)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/gogio/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+/*
+The gogio tool builds and packages Gio programs for Android, iOS/tvOS
+and WebAssembly.
+
+Run gogio with no arguments for instructions, or see the examples at
+https://gioui.org.
+*/
+package main

cmd/gogio/e2e_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var raceEnabled = false
+
+var headless = flag.Bool("headless", true, "run end-to-end tests in headless mode")
+
+const appid = "localhost.gogio.endtoend"
+
+// TestDriver is implemented by each of the platforms we can run end-to-end
+// tests on. None of its methods return any errors, as the errors are directly
+// reported to testing.T via methods like Fatal.
+type TestDriver interface {
+	initBase(t *testing.T, width, height int)
+
+	// Start opens the Gio app found at path. The driver should attempt to
+	// run the app with the base driver's width and height, and the
+	// platform's background should be white.
+	//
+	// When the function returns, the gio app must be ready to use on the
+	// platform, with its initial frame fully drawn.
+	Start(path string)
+
+	// Screenshot takes a screenshot of the Gio app on the platform.
+	Screenshot() image.Image
+
+	// Click performs a pointer click at the specified coordinates,
+	// including both press and release. It returns when the next frame is
+	// fully drawn.
+	Click(x, y int)
+}
+
+type driverBase struct {
+	*testing.T
+
+	width, height int
+
+	output      io.Reader
+	frameNotifs chan bool
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) initBase(t *testing.T, width, height int) {
+	d.T = t
+	d.width, d.height = width, height
+}
+
+func TestEndToEnd(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skipf("end-to-end tests tend to be slow")
+	}
+
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const (
+		testdataWithGoImportPkgPath = "gioui.org/cmd/gogio/testdata"
+		testdataWithRelativePkgPath = "testdata/testdata.go"
+	)
+	// Keep this list local, to not reuse TestDriver objects.
+	subtests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		driver  TestDriver
+		pkgPath string
+	}{
+		{"X11 using go import path", &X11TestDriver{}, testdataWithGoImportPkgPath},
+		{"X11", &X11TestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		// Doesn't work on the builders.
+		//{"Wayland", &WaylandTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		{"JS", &JSTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		{"Android", &AndroidTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		{"Windows", &WineTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+	}
+
+	for _, subtest := range subtests {
+		t.Run(subtest.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			subtest := subtest // copy the changing loop variable
+			t.Parallel()
+			runEndToEndTest(t, subtest.driver, subtest.pkgPath)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func runEndToEndTest(t *testing.T, driver TestDriver, pkgPath string) {
+	size := image.Point{X: 800, Y: 600}
+	driver.initBase(t, size.X, size.Y)
+
+	t.Log("starting driver and gio app")
+	driver.Start(pkgPath)
+
+	beef := color.NRGBA{R: 0xde, G: 0xad, B: 0xbe, A: 0xff}
+	white := color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0xff, B: 0xff, A: 0xff}
+	black := color.NRGBA{R: 0x00, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff}
+	gray := color.NRGBA{R: 0xbb, G: 0xbb, B: 0xbb, A: 0xff}
+	red := color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff}
+
+	// These are the four colors at the beginning.
+	t.Log("taking initial screenshot")
+	withRetries(t, 4*time.Second, func() error {
+		img := driver.Screenshot()
+		size = img.Bounds().Size() // override the default size
+		return checkImageCorners(img, beef, white, black, gray)
+	})
+
+	// TODO(mvdan): implement this properly in the Wayland driver; swaymsg
+	// almost works to automate clicks, but the button presses end up in the
+	// wrong coordinates.
+	if _, ok := driver.(*WaylandTestDriver); ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Click the first and last sections to turn them red.
+	t.Log("clicking twice and taking another screenshot")
+	driver.Click(1*(size.X/4), 1*(size.Y/4))
+	driver.Click(3*(size.X/4), 3*(size.Y/4))
+	withRetries(t, 4*time.Second, func() error {
+		img := driver.Screenshot()
+		return checkImageCorners(img, red, white, black, red)
+	})
+}
+
+// withRetries keeps retrying fn until it succeeds, or until the timeout is hit.
+// It uses a rudimentary kind of backoff, which starts with 100ms delays. As
+// such, timeout should generally be in the order of seconds.
+func withRetries(t *testing.T, timeout time.Duration, fn func() error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	timeoutTimer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timeoutTimer.Stop()
+	backoff := 100 * time.Millisecond
+
+	tries := 0
+	var lastErr error
+	for {
+		if lastErr = fn(); lastErr == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		tries++
+		t.Logf("retrying after %s", backoff)
+
+		// Use a timer instead of a sleep, so that the timeout can stop
+		// the backoff early. Don't reuse this timer, since we're not in
+		// a hot loop, and we don't want tricky code.
+		backoffTimer := time.NewTimer(backoff)
+		defer backoffTimer.Stop()
+
+		select {
+		case <-timeoutTimer.C:
+			t.Errorf("last error: %v", lastErr)
+			t.Fatalf("hit timeout of %s after %d tries", timeout, tries)
+		case <-backoffTimer.C:
+		}
+
+		// Keep doubling it until a maximum. With the start at 100ms,
+		// we'll do: 100ms, 200ms, 400ms, 800ms, 1.6s, and 2s forever.
+		backoff *= 2
+		if max := 2 * time.Second; backoff > max {
+			backoff = max
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type colorMismatch struct {
+	x, y            int
+	wantRGB, gotRGB [3]uint32
+}
+
+func (m colorMismatch) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%3d,%-3d got 0x%04x%04x%04x, want 0x%04x%04x%04x",
+		m.x, m.y,
+		m.gotRGB[0], m.gotRGB[1], m.gotRGB[2],
+		m.wantRGB[0], m.wantRGB[1], m.wantRGB[2],
+	)
+}
+
+func checkImageCorners(img image.Image, topLeft, topRight, botLeft, botRight color.Color) error {
+	// The colors are split in four rectangular sections. Check the corners
+	// of each of the sections. We check the corners left to right, top to
+	// bottom, like when reading left-to-right text.
+
+	size := img.Bounds().Size()
+	var mismatches []colorMismatch
+
+	checkColor := func(x, y int, want color.Color) {
+		r, g, b, _ := want.RGBA()
+		got := img.At(x, y)
+		r_, g_, b_, _ := got.RGBA()
+		if r_ != r || g_ != g || b_ != b {
+			mismatches = append(mismatches, colorMismatch{
+				x:       x,
+				y:       y,
+				wantRGB: [3]uint32{r, g, b},
+				gotRGB:  [3]uint32{r_, g_, b_},
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	{
+		minX, minY := 5, 5
+		maxX, maxY := (size.X/2)-5, (size.Y/2)-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, topLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, topLeft)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, topLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, topLeft)
+	}
+	{
+		minX, minY := (size.X/2)+5, 5
+		maxX, maxY := size.X-5, (size.Y/2)-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, topRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, topRight)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, topRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, topRight)
+	}
+	{
+		minX, minY := 5, (size.Y/2)+5
+		maxX, maxY := (size.X/2)-5, size.Y-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, botLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, botLeft)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, botLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, botLeft)
+	}
+	{
+		minX, minY := (size.X/2)+5, (size.Y/2)+5
+		maxX, maxY := size.X-5, size.Y-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, botRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, botRight)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, botRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, botRight)
+	}
+	if n := len(mismatches); n > 0 {
+		b := new(strings.Builder)
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "encountered %d color mismatches:\n", n)
+		for _, m := range mismatches {
+			fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s\n", m)
+		}
+		return errors.New(b.String())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) waitForFrame() {
+	d.Helper()
+
+	if d.frameNotifs == nil {
+		// Start the goroutine that reads output lines and notifies of
+		// new frames via frameNotifs. The test doesn't wait for this
+		// goroutine to finish; it will naturally end when the output
+		// reader reaches an error like EOF.
+		d.frameNotifs = make(chan bool, 1)
+		if d.output == nil {
+			d.Fatal("need an output reader to be notified of frames")
+		}
+		go func() {
+			scanner := bufio.NewScanner(d.output)
+			for scanner.Scan() {
+				line := scanner.Text()
+				d.Log(line)
+				if strings.Contains(line, "gio frame ready") {
+					d.frameNotifs <- true
+				}
+			}
+			// Since we're only interested in the output while the
+			// app runs, and we don't know when it finishes here,
+			// ignore "already closed" pipe errors.
+			if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
+				d.Errorf("reading app output: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Unfortunately, there isn't a way to select on a test failing, since
+	// testing.T doesn't have anything like a context or a "done" channel.
+	//
+	// We can't let selects block forever, since the default -test.timeout
+	// is ten minutes - far too long for tests that take seconds.
+	//
+	// For now, a static short timeout is better than nothing. 5s is plenty
+	// for our simple test app to render on any device.
+	select {
+	case <-d.frameNotifs:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		d.Fatalf("timed out waiting for a frame to be ready")
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) needPrograms(names ...string) {
+	d.Helper()
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(name); err != nil {
+			d.Skipf("%s needed to run", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) tempDir(name string) string {
+	d.Helper()
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", name)
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	d.Cleanup(func() { os.RemoveAll(dir) })
+	return dir
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) gogio(args ...string) {
+	d.Helper()
+	prog, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(prog, args...)
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "RUN_GOGIO=1")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("gogio error: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+}

cmd/gogio/help.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+const mainUsage = `The gogio command builds and packages Gio (gioui.org) programs.
+
+Usage:
+
+	gogio -target <target> [flags] <package> [run arguments]
+
+The gogio tool builds and packages Gio programs for platforms where additional
+metadata or support files are required.
+
+The package argument specifies an import path or a single Go source file to
+package. Any run arguments are appended to os.Args at runtime.
+
+Compiled Java class files from jar files in the package directory are
+included in Android builds.
+
+The mandatory -target flag selects the target platform: ios or android for the
+mobile platforms, tvos for Apple's tvOS, js for WebAssembly/WebGL.
+
+The -arch flag specifies a comma separated list of GOARCHs to include. The
+default is all supported architectures.
+
+The -o flag specifies an output file or directory, depending on the target.
+
+The -buildmode flag selects the build mode. Two build modes are available, exe
+and archive. Buildmode exe outputs an .ipa file for iOS or tvOS, an .apk file
+for Android or a directory with the WebAssembly module and support files for
+a browser.
+
+The -ldflags and -tags flags pass extra linker flags and tags to the go tool.
+
+As a special case for iOS or tvOS, specifying a path that ends with ".app"
+will output an app directory suitable for a simulator.
+
+The other buildmode is archive, which will output an .aar library for Android
+or a .framework for iOS and tvOS.
+
+The -icon flag specifies a path to a PNG image to use as app icon on iOS and Android.
+If left unspecified, the appicon.png file from the main package is used
+(if it exists).
+
+The -appid flag specifies the package name for Android or the bundle id for
+iOS and tvOS. A bundle id must be provisioned through Xcode before the gogio
+tool can use it.
+
+The -version flag specifies the integer version code for Android and the last
+component of the 1.0.X version for iOS and tvOS.
+
+For Android builds the -minsdk flag specify the minimum SDK level. For example,
+use -minsdk 22 to target Android 5.1 (Lollipop) and later.
+
+For Windows builds the -minsdk flag specify the minimum OS version. For example,
+use -mindk 10 to target Windows 10 and later, -minsdk 6 for Windows Vista and later.
+
+For iOS builds the -minsdk flag specify the minimum iOS version. For example, 
+use -mindk 15 to target iOS 15.0 and later.
+
+The -work flag prints the path to the working directory and suppress
+its deletion.
+
+The -x flag will print all the external commands executed by the gogio tool.
+
+The -signkey flag specifies the path of the keystore, used for signing Android apk/aab files.
+
+The -signpass flag specifies the password of the keystore, ignored if -signkey is not provided.
+`

cmd/gogio/iosbuild.go

@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+const (
+	minIOSVersion = 10
+	// Metal is available from iOS 8 on devices, yet from version 13 on the
+	// simulator.
+	minSimulatorVersion = 13
+)
+
+func buildIOS(tmpDir, target string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	appName := bi.name
+	switch *buildMode {
+	case "archive":
+		framework := *destPath
+		if framework == "" {
+			framework = fmt.Sprintf("%s.framework", strings.Title(appName))
+		}
+		return archiveIOS(tmpDir, target, framework, bi)
+	case "exe":
+		out := *destPath
+		if out == "" {
+			out = appName + ".ipa"
+		}
+		forDevice := strings.HasSuffix(out, ".ipa")
+		// Filter out unsupported architectures.
+		for i := len(bi.archs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			switch bi.archs[i] {
+			case "arm", "arm64":
+				if forDevice {
+					continue
+				}
+			case "386", "amd64":
+				if !forDevice {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
+			bi.archs = append(bi.archs[:i], bi.archs[i+1:]...)
+		}
+		tmpFramework := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "Gio.framework")
+		if err := archiveIOS(tmpDir, target, tmpFramework, bi); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !forDevice && !strings.HasSuffix(out, ".app") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("the specified output directory %q does not end in .app or .ipa", out)
+		}
+		if !forDevice {
+			return exeIOS(tmpDir, target, out, bi)
+		}
+		payload := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "Payload")
+		appDir := filepath.Join(payload, appName+".app")
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(appDir, 0755); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := exeIOS(tmpDir, target, appDir, bi); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := signIOS(bi, tmpDir, appDir); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return zipDir(out, tmpDir, "Payload")
+	default:
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+}
+
+func signIOS(bi *buildInfo, tmpDir, app string) error {
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	provPattern := filepath.Join(home, "Library", "MobileDevice", "Provisioning Profiles", "*.mobileprovision")
+	provisions, err := filepath.Glob(provPattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	provInfo := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "provision.plist")
+	var avail []string
+	for _, prov := range provisions {
+		// Decode the provision file to a plist.
+		_, err := runCmd(exec.Command("security", "cms", "-D", "-i", prov, "-o", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		expUnix, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:ExpirationDate", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		exp, err := time.Parse(time.UnixDate, expUnix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("sign: failed to parse expiration date from %q: %v", prov, err)
+		}
+		if exp.Before(time.Now()) {
+			continue
+		}
+		appIDPrefix, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:ApplicationIdentifierPrefix:0", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		provAppID, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:Entitlements:application-identifier", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		expAppID := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", appIDPrefix, bi.appID)
+		avail = append(avail, provAppID)
+		if expAppID != provAppID {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Copy provisioning file.
+		embedded := filepath.Join(app, "embedded.mobileprovision")
+		if err := copyFile(embedded, prov); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		certDER, err := runCmdRaw(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:DeveloperCertificates:0", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Omit trailing newline.
+		certDER = certDER[:len(certDER)-1]
+		entitlements, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-x", "-c", "Print:Entitlements", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		entFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "entitlements.plist")
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(entFile, []byte(entitlements), 0660); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		identity := sha1.Sum(certDER)
+		idHex := hex.EncodeToString(identity[:])
+		_, err = runCmd(exec.Command("codesign", "-s", idHex, "-v", "--entitlements", entFile, app))
+		return err
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("sign: no valid provisioning profile found for bundle id %q among %v", bi.appID, avail)
+}
+
+func exeIOS(tmpDir, target, app string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	if bi.appID == "" {
+		return errors.New("app id is empty; use -appid to set it")
+	}
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(app); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Mkdir(app, 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	mainm := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "main.m")
+	const mainmSrc = `@import UIKit;
+@import Gio;
+
+@interface GioAppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>
+@property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;
+@end
+
+@implementation GioAppDelegate
+- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
+	self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
+	GioViewController *controller = [[GioViewController alloc] initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];
+	self.window.rootViewController = controller;
+	[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
+	return YES;
+}
+@end
+
+int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
+	@autoreleasepool {
+		return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([GioAppDelegate class]));
+	}
+}`
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(mainm, []byte(mainmSrc), 0660); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	appName := strings.Title(bi.name)
+	exe := filepath.Join(app, appName)
+	lipo := exec.Command("xcrun", "lipo", "-o", exe, "-create")
+	var builds errgroup.Group
+	for _, a := range bi.archs {
+		clang, cflags, err := iosCompilerFor(target, a, bi.minsdk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		exeSlice := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "app-"+a)
+		lipo.Args = append(lipo.Args, exeSlice)
+		compile := exec.Command(clang, cflags...)
+		compile.Args = append(compile.Args,
+			"-Werror",
+			"-fmodules",
+			"-fobjc-arc",
+			"-x", "objective-c",
+			"-F", tmpDir,
+			"-o", exeSlice,
+			mainm,
+		)
+		builds.Go(func() error {
+			_, err := runCmd(compile)
+			return err
+		})
+	}
+	if err := builds.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := runCmd(lipo); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	infoPlist := buildInfoPlist(bi)
+	plistFile := filepath.Join(app, "Info.plist")
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(plistFile, []byte(infoPlist), 0660); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(bi.iconPath); err == nil {
+		assetPlist, err := iosIcons(bi, tmpDir, app, bi.iconPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Merge assets plist with Info.plist
+		cmd := exec.Command(
+			"/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy",
+			"-c", "Merge "+assetPlist,
+			plistFile,
+		)
+		if _, err := runCmd(cmd); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := runCmd(exec.Command("plutil", "-convert", "binary1", plistFile)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// iosIcons builds an asset catalog and compile it with the Xcode command actool.
+// iosIcons returns the asset plist file to be merged into Info.plist.
+func iosIcons(bi *buildInfo, tmpDir, appDir, icon string) (string, error) {
+	assets := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "Assets.xcassets")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(assets, 0700); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	appIcon := filepath.Join(assets, "AppIcon.appiconset")
+	err := buildIcons(appIcon, icon, []iconVariant{
+		{path: "ios_2x.png", size: 120},
+		{path: "ios_3x.png", size: 180},
+		// The App Store icon is not allowed to contain
+		// transparent pixels.
+		{path: "ios_store.png", size: 1024, fill: true},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	contentJson := `{
+	"images" : [
+		{
+			"size" : "60x60",
+			"idiom" : "iphone",
+			"filename" : "ios_2x.png",
+			"scale" : "2x"
+		},
+		{
+			"size" : "60x60",
+			"idiom" : "iphone",
+			"filename" : "ios_3x.png",
+			"scale" : "3x"
+		},
+		{
+			"size" : "1024x1024",
+			"idiom" : "ios-marketing",
+			"filename" : "ios_store.png",
+			"scale" : "1x"
+		}
+	]
+}`
+	contentFile := filepath.Join(appIcon, "Contents.json")
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(contentFile, []byte(contentJson), 0600); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	assetPlist := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "assets.plist")
+
+	minsdk := bi.minsdk
+	if minsdk == 0 {
+		minsdk = minIOSVersion
+	}
+	compile := exec.Command(
+		"actool",
+		"--compile", appDir,
+		"--platform", iosPlatformFor(bi.target),
+		"--minimum-deployment-target", strconv.Itoa(minsdk),
+		"--app-icon", "AppIcon",
+		"--output-partial-info-plist", assetPlist,
+		assets)
+	_, err = runCmd(compile)
+	return assetPlist, err
+}
+
+func buildInfoPlist(bi *buildInfo) string {
+	appName := strings.Title(bi.name)
+	platform := iosPlatformFor(bi.target)
+	var supportPlatform string
+	switch bi.target {
+	case "ios":
+		supportPlatform = "iPhoneOS"
+	case "tvos":
+		supportPlatform = "AppleTVOS"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>en</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>APPL</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0.%d</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>%d</string>
+	<key>UILaunchStoryboardName</key>
+	<string>LaunchScreen</string>
+	<key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
+	<array><string>arm64</string></array>
+	<key>DTPlatformName</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>DTPlatformVersion</key>
+	<string>12.4</string>
+	<key>MinimumOSVersion</key>
+	<string>%d</string>
+	<key>UIDeviceFamily</key>
+	<array>
+		<integer>1</integer>
+		<integer>2</integer>
+	</array>
+	<key>CFBundleSupportedPlatforms</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>%s</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>DTCompiler</key>
+	<string>com.apple.compilers.llvm.clang.1_0</string>
+	<key>DTPlatformBuild</key>
+	<string>16G73</string>
+	<key>DTSDKBuild</key>
+	<string>16G73</string>
+	<key>DTSDKName</key>
+	<string>%s12.4</string>
+	<key>DTXcode</key>
+	<string>1030</string>
+	<key>DTXcodeBuild</key>
+	<string>10G8</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>`, appName, bi.appID, appName, bi.version, bi.version, platform, minIOSVersion, supportPlatform, platform)
+}
+
+func iosPlatformFor(target string) string {
+	switch target {
+	case "ios":
+		return "iphoneos"
+	case "tvos":
+		return "appletvos"
+	default:
+		panic("invalid platform " + target)
+	}
+}
+
+func archiveIOS(tmpDir, target, frameworkRoot string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	framework := filepath.Base(frameworkRoot)
+	const suf = ".framework"
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(framework, suf) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the specified output %q does not end in '.framework'", frameworkRoot)
+	}
+	framework = framework[:len(framework)-len(suf)]
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(frameworkRoot); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	frameworkDir := filepath.Join(frameworkRoot, "Versions", "A")
+	for _, dir := range []string{"Headers", "Modules"} {
+		p := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, dir)
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(p, 0755); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	symlinks := [][2]string{
+		{"Versions/Current/Headers", "Headers"},
+		{"Versions/Current/Modules", "Modules"},
+		{"Versions/Current/" + framework, framework},
+		{"A", filepath.Join("Versions", "Current")},
+	}
+	for _, l := range symlinks {
+		if err := os.Symlink(l[0], filepath.Join(frameworkRoot, l[1])); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	exe := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, framework)
+	lipo := exec.Command("xcrun", "lipo", "-o", exe, "-create")
+	var builds errgroup.Group
+	tags := bi.tags
+	goos := "ios"
+	supportsIOS, err := supportsGOOS("ios")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !supportsIOS {
+		// Go 1.15 and earlier target iOS with GOOS=darwin, tags=ios.
+		goos = "darwin"
+		tags = "ios " + tags
+	}
+	for _, a := range bi.archs {
+		clang, cflags, err := iosCompilerFor(target, a, bi.minsdk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		lib := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "gio-"+a)
+		cmd := exec.Command(
+			"go",
+			"build",
+			"-ldflags=-s -w "+bi.ldflags,
+			"-buildmode=c-archive",
+			"-o", lib,
+			"-tags", tags,
+			bi.pkgPath,
+		)
+		lipo.Args = append(lipo.Args, lib)
+		cflagsLine := strings.Join(cflags, " ")
+		cmd.Env = append(
+			os.Environ(),
+			"GOOS="+goos,
+			"GOARCH="+a,
+			"CGO_ENABLED=1",
+			"CC="+clang,
+			"CGO_CFLAGS="+cflagsLine,
+			"CGO_LDFLAGS="+cflagsLine,
+		)
+		builds.Go(func() error {
+			_, err := runCmd(cmd)
+			return err
+		})
+	}
+	if err := builds.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := runCmd(lipo); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	appDir, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "list", "-f", "{{.Dir}}", "gioui.org/app/"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	headerDst := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, "Headers", framework+".h")
+	headerSrc := filepath.Join(appDir, "framework_ios.h")
+	if err := copyFile(headerDst, headerSrc); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	module := fmt.Sprintf(`framework module "%s" {
+    header "%[1]s.h"
+
+    export *
+}`, framework)
+	moduleFile := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, "Modules", "module.modulemap")
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(moduleFile, []byte(module), 0644)
+}
+
+func supportsGOOS(wantGoos string) (bool, error) {
+	geese, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "tool", "dist", "list"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, pair := range strings.Split(geese, "\n") {
+		s := strings.SplitN(pair, "/", 2)
+		if len(s) != 2 {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("go tool dist list: invalid GOOS/GOARCH pair: %s", pair)
+		}
+		goos := s[0]
+		if goos == wantGoos {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func iosCompilerFor(target, arch string, minsdk int) (string, []string, error) {
+	var (
+		platformSDK string
+		platformOS  string
+	)
+	switch target {
+	case "ios":
+		platformOS = "ios"
+		platformSDK = "iphone"
+	case "tvos":
+		platformOS = "tvos"
+		platformSDK = "appletv"
+	}
+	switch arch {
+	case "arm", "arm64":
+		platformSDK += "os"
+		if minsdk == 0 {
+			minsdk = minIOSVersion
+		}
+	case "386", "amd64":
+		platformOS += "-simulator"
+		platformSDK += "simulator"
+		if minsdk == 0 {
+			minsdk = minSimulatorVersion
+		}
+	default:
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported -arch: %s", arch)
+	}
+	sdkPath, err := runCmd(exec.Command("xcrun", "--sdk", platformSDK, "--show-sdk-path"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	clang, err := runCmd(exec.Command("xcrun", "--sdk", platformSDK, "--find", "clang"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	cflags := []string{
+		"-fembed-bitcode",
+		"-arch", allArchs[arch].iosArch,
+		"-isysroot", sdkPath,
+		"-m" + platformOS + "-version-min=" + strconv.Itoa(minsdk),
+	}
+	return clang, cflags, nil
+}
+
+func zipDir(dst, base, dir string) (err error) {
+	f, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := f.Close(); err == nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+	zipf := zip.NewWriter(f)
+	err = filepath.Walk(filepath.Join(base, dir), func(path string, f os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if f.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		rel := filepath.ToSlash(path[len(base)+1:])
+		entry, err := zipf.Create(rel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		src, err := os.Open(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer src.Close()
+		_, err = io.Copy(entry, src)
+		return err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return zipf.Close()
+}

cmd/gogio/js_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os/exec"
+
+	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/runtime"
+	"github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
+
+	_ "gioui.org/unit" // the build tool adds it to go.mod, so keep it there
+)
+
+type JSTestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	// ctx is the chromedp context.
+	ctx context.Context
+}
+
+func (d *JSTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	if raceEnabled {
+		d.Skipf("js/wasm doesn't support -race; skipping")
+	}
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	dir := d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-js")
+	d.gogio("-target=js", "-o="+dir, path)
+
+	// Second, start Chrome.
+	opts := append(chromedp.DefaultExecAllocatorOptions[:],
+		chromedp.Flag("headless", *headless),
+	)
+
+	actx, cancel := chromedp.NewExecAllocator(context.Background(), opts...)
+	d.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	ctx, cancel := chromedp.NewContext(actx,
+		// Send all logf/errf calls to t.Logf
+		chromedp.WithLogf(d.Logf),
+	)
+	d.Cleanup(cancel)
+	d.ctx = ctx
+
+	if err := chromedp.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, exec.ErrNotFound) {
+			d.Skipf("test requires Chrome to be installed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	d.Cleanup(func() { pw.Close() })
+	d.output = pr
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(ctx, func(ev interface{}) {
+		switch ev := ev.(type) {
+		case *runtime.EventConsoleAPICalled:
+			switch ev.Type {
+			case "log", "info", "warning", "error":
+				var b bytes.Buffer
+				b.WriteString("console.")
+				b.WriteString(string(ev.Type))
+				b.WriteString("(")
+				for i, arg := range ev.Args {
+					if i > 0 {
+						b.WriteString(", ")
+					}
+					b.Write(arg.Value)
+				}
+				b.WriteString(")\n")
+				pw.Write(b.Bytes())
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Third, serve the app folder, set the browser tab dimensions, and
+	// navigate to the folder.
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.FileServer(http.Dir(dir)))
+	d.Cleanup(ts.Close)
+
+	if err := chromedp.Run(ctx,
+		chromedp.EmulateViewport(int64(d.width), int64(d.height)),
+		chromedp.Navigate(ts.URL),
+	); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *JSTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	var buf []byte
+	if err := chromedp.Run(d.ctx,
+		chromedp.CaptureScreenshot(&buf),
+	); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(buf))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *JSTestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	if err := chromedp.Run(d.ctx,
+		chromedp.MouseClickXY(float64(x), float64(y)),
+	); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

cmd/gogio/jsbuild.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/packages"
+)
+
+func buildJS(bi *buildInfo) error {
+	out := *destPath
+	if out == "" {
+		out = bi.name
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(out, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(
+		"go",
+		"build",
+		"-ldflags="+bi.ldflags,
+		"-tags="+bi.tags,
+		"-o", filepath.Join(out, "main.wasm"),
+		bi.pkgPath,
+	)
+	cmd.Env = append(
+		os.Environ(),
+		"GOOS=js",
+		"GOARCH=wasm",
+	)
+	_, err := runCmd(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var faviconPath string
+	if _, err := os.Stat(bi.iconPath); err == nil {
+		// Copy icon to the output folder
+		icon, err := ioutil.ReadFile(bi.iconPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, filepath.Base(bi.iconPath)), icon, 0600); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		faviconPath = filepath.Base(bi.iconPath)
+	}
+
+	indexTemplate, err := template.New("").Parse(jsIndex)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	if err := indexTemplate.Execute(&b, struct {
+		Name string
+		Icon string
+	}{
+		Name: bi.name,
+		Icon: faviconPath,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, "index.html"), b.Bytes(), 0600); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	goroot, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "env", "GOROOT"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wasmJS := filepath.Join(goroot, "misc", "wasm", "wasm_exec.js")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(wasmJS); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to find $GOROOT/misc/wasm/wasm_exec.js driver: %v", err)
+	}
+	pkgs, err := packages.Load(&packages.Config{
+		Mode: packages.NeedName | packages.NeedFiles | packages.NeedImports | packages.NeedDeps,
+		Env:  append(os.Environ(), "GOOS=js", "GOARCH=wasm"),
+	}, bi.pkgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	extraJS, err := findPackagesJS(pkgs[0], make(map[string]bool))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return mergeJSFiles(filepath.Join(out, "wasm.js"), append([]string{wasmJS}, extraJS...)...)
+}
+
+func findPackagesJS(p *packages.Package, visited map[string]bool) (extraJS []string, err error) {
+	if len(p.GoFiles) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	js, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(p.GoFiles[0]), "*_js.js"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	extraJS = append(extraJS, js...)
+	for _, imp := range p.Imports {
+		if !visited[imp.ID] {
+			extra, err := findPackagesJS(imp, visited)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			extraJS = append(extraJS, extra...)
+			visited[imp.ID] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return extraJS, nil
+}
+
+// mergeJSFiles will merge all files into a single `wasm.js`. It will prepend the jsSetGo
+// and append the jsStartGo.
+func mergeJSFiles(dst string, files ...string) (err error) {
+	w, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := w.Close(); err != nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err = io.Copy(w, strings.NewReader(jsSetGo))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for i := range files {
+		r, err := os.Open(files[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = io.Copy(w, r)
+		r.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	_, err = io.Copy(w, strings.NewReader(jsStartGo))
+	return err
+}
+
+const (
+	jsIndex = `<!doctype html>
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<meta charset="utf-8">
+		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no">
+		<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
+		{{ if .Icon }}<link rel="icon" href="{{.Icon}}" type="image/x-icon" />{{ end }}
+		{{ if .Name }}<title>{{.Name}}</title>{{ end }}
+		<script src="wasm.js"></script>
+		<style>
+			body,pre { margin:0;padding:0; }
+		</style>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+	</body>
+</html>`
+	// jsSetGo sets the `window.go` variable.
+	jsSetGo = `(() => {
+    window.go = {argv: [], env: {}, importObject: {go: {}}};
+	const argv = new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("argv");
+	if (argv) {
+		window.go["argv"] = argv.split(" ");
+	}
+})();`
+	// jsStartGo initializes the main.wasm.
+	jsStartGo = `(() => {
+	defaultGo = new Go();
+	Object.assign(defaultGo["argv"], defaultGo["argv"].concat(go["argv"]));
+	Object.assign(defaultGo["env"], go["env"]);
+	for (let key in go["importObject"]) {
+		if (typeof defaultGo["importObject"][key] === "undefined") {
+			defaultGo["importObject"][key] = {};
+		}
+		Object.assign(defaultGo["importObject"][key], go["importObject"][key]);
+	}
+	window.go = defaultGo;
+    if (!WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming) { // polyfill
+        WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming = async (resp, importObject) => {
+            const source = await (await resp).arrayBuffer();
+            return await WebAssembly.instantiate(source, importObject);
+        };
+    }
+    WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(fetch("main.wasm"), go.importObject).then((result) => {
+        go.run(result.instance);
+    });
+})();`
+)

cmd/gogio/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/image/draw"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+var (
+	target        = flag.String("target", "", "specify target (ios, tvos, android, js).\n")
+	archNames     = flag.String("arch", "", "specify architecture(s) to include (arm, arm64, amd64).")
+	minsdk        = flag.Int("minsdk", 0, "specify the minimum supported operating system level")
+	buildMode     = flag.String("buildmode", "exe", "specify buildmode (archive, exe)")
+	destPath      = flag.String("o", "", "output file or directory.\nFor -target ios or tvos, use the .app suffix to target simulators.")
+	appID         = flag.String("appid", "", "app identifier (for -buildmode=exe)")
+	version       = flag.Int("version", 1, "app version (for -buildmode=exe)")
+	printCommands = flag.Bool("x", false, "print the commands")
+	keepWorkdir   = flag.Bool("work", false, "print the name of the temporary work directory and do not delete it when exiting.")
+	linkMode      = flag.String("linkmode", "", "set the -linkmode flag of the go tool")
+	extraLdflags  = flag.String("ldflags", "", "extra flags to the Go linker")
+	extraTags     = flag.String("tags", "", "extra tags to the Go tool")
+	iconPath      = flag.String("icon", "", "specify an icon for iOS and Android")
+	signKey       = flag.String("signkey", "", "specify the path of the keystore to be used to sign Android apk files.")
+	signPass      = flag.String("signpass", "", "specify the password to decrypt the signkey.")
+)
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Usage = func() {
+		fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, mainUsage)
+	}
+	flag.Parse()
+	if err := flagValidate(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "gogio: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	buildInfo, err := newBuildInfo(flag.Arg(0))
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "gogio: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	if err := build(buildInfo); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "gogio: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+func flagValidate() error {
+	pkgPathArg := flag.Arg(0)
+	if pkgPathArg == "" {
+		return errors.New("specify a package")
+	}
+	if *target == "" {
+		return errors.New("please specify -target")
+	}
+	switch *target {
+	case "ios", "tvos", "android", "js", "windows":
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid -target %s", *target)
+	}
+	switch *buildMode {
+	case "archive", "exe":
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid -buildmode %s", *buildMode)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func build(bi *buildInfo) error {
+	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "gogio-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if *keepWorkdir {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WORKDIR=%s\n", tmpDir)
+	} else {
+		defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	}
+	switch *target {
+	case "js":
+		return buildJS(bi)
+	case "ios", "tvos":
+		return buildIOS(tmpDir, *target, bi)
+	case "android":
+		return buildAndroid(tmpDir, bi)
+	case "windows":
+		return buildWindows(tmpDir, bi)
+	default:
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+}
+
+func runCmdRaw(cmd *exec.Cmd) ([]byte, error) {
+	if *printCommands {
+		fmt.Printf("%s\n", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "))
+	}
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	if err, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s failed: %s%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out, err.Stderr)
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+func runCmd(cmd *exec.Cmd) (string, error) {
+	out, err := runCmdRaw(cmd)
+	return string(bytes.TrimSpace(out)), err
+}
+
+func copyFile(dst, src string) (err error) {
+	r, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+	w, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := w.Close(); err == nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err = io.Copy(w, r)
+	return err
+}
+
+type arch struct {
+	iosArch   string
+	jniArch   string
+	clangArch string
+}
+
+var allArchs = map[string]arch{
+	"arm": {
+		iosArch:   "armv7",
+		jniArch:   "armeabi-v7a",
+		clangArch: "armv7a-linux-androideabi",
+	},
+	"arm64": {
+		iosArch:   "arm64",
+		jniArch:   "arm64-v8a",
+		clangArch: "aarch64-linux-android",
+	},
+	"386": {
+		iosArch:   "i386",
+		jniArch:   "x86",
+		clangArch: "i686-linux-android",
+	},
+	"amd64": {
+		iosArch:   "x86_64",
+		jniArch:   "x86_64",
+		clangArch: "x86_64-linux-android",
+	},
+}
+
+type iconVariant struct {
+	path string
+	size int
+	fill bool
+}
+
+func buildIcons(baseDir, icon string, variants []iconVariant) error {
+	f, err := os.Open(icon)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	img, _, err := image.Decode(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var resizes errgroup.Group
+	for _, v := range variants {
+		v := v
+		resizes.Go(func() (err error) {
+			path := filepath.Join(baseDir, v.path)
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0700); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			f, err := os.Create(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				if cerr := f.Close(); err == nil {
+					err = cerr
+				}
+			}()
+			return png.Encode(f, resizeIcon(v, img))
+		})
+	}
+	return resizes.Wait()
+}
+
+func resizeIcon(v iconVariant, img image.Image) *image.NRGBA {
+	scaled := image.NewNRGBA(image.Rectangle{Max: image.Point{X: v.size, Y: v.size}})
+	op := draw.Src
+	if v.fill {
+		op = draw.Over
+		draw.Draw(scaled, scaled.Bounds(), &image.Uniform{color.White}, image.Point{}, draw.Src)
+	}
+	draw.CatmullRom.Scale(scaled, scaled.Bounds(), img, img.Bounds(), op, nil)
+
+	return scaled
+}

cmd/gogio/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	if os.Getenv("RUN_GOGIO") != "" {
+		// Allow the end-to-end tests to call the gogio tool without
+		// having to build it from scratch, nor having to refactor the
+		// main function to avoid using global variables.
+		main()
+		os.Exit(0) // main already exits, but just in case.
+	}
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}

cmd/gogio/permission.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package main
+
+var AndroidPermissions = map[string][]string{
+	"network": {
+		"android.permission.INTERNET",
+	},
+	"networkstate": {
+		"android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE",
+	},
+	"bluetooth": {
+		"android.permission.BLUETOOTH",
+		"android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN",
+		"android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION",
+	},
+	"camera": {
+		"android.permission.CAMERA",
+	},
+	"storage": {
+		"android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",
+		"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",
+	},
+}
+
+var AndroidFeatures = map[string][]string{
+	"default": {`glEsVersion="0x00020000"`, `name="android.hardware.type.pc"`},
+	"bluetooth": {
+		`name="android.hardware.bluetooth"`,
+		`name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"`,
+	},
+	"camera": {
+		`name="android.hardware.camera"`,
+	},
+}

cmd/gogio/race_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+//go:build race
+// +build race
+
+package main_test
+
+func init() { raceEnabled = true }

cmd/gogio/testdata/testdata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+// A simple app used for gogio's end-to-end tests.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"log"
+
+	"gioui.org/app"
+	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/layout"
+	"gioui.org/op"
+	"gioui.org/op/clip"
+	"gioui.org/op/paint"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	go func() {
+		w := app.NewWindow()
+		if err := loop(w); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}()
+	app.Main()
+}
+
+type notifyFrame int
+
+const (
+	notifyNone notifyFrame = iota
+	notifyInvalidate
+	notifyPrint
+)
+
+// notify keeps track of whether we want to print to stdout to notify the user
+// when a frame is ready. Initially we want to notify about the first frame.
+var notify = notifyInvalidate
+
+type (
+	C = layout.Context
+	D = layout.Dimensions
+)
+
+func loop(w *app.Window) error {
+	topLeft := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0xde, G: 0xad, B: 0xbe, A: 0xff},
+	}
+	topRight := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0xff, B: 0xff, A: 0xff},
+	}
+	botLeft := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0x00, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff},
+	}
+	botRight := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0x00, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0x80},
+	}
+
+	var ops op.Ops
+	for {
+		e := <-w.Events()
+		switch e := e.(type) {
+		case system.DestroyEvent:
+			return e.Err
+		case system.FrameEvent:
+			gtx := layout.NewContext(&ops, e)
+			// Clear background to white, even on embedded platforms such as webassembly.
+			paint.Fill(gtx.Ops, color.NRGBA{A: 0xff, R: 0xff, G: 0xff, B: 0xff})
+			layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Vertical}.Layout(gtx,
+				layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D {
+					return layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Horizontal}.Layout(gtx,
+						// r1c1
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return topLeft.Layout(gtx) }),
+						// r1c2
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return topRight.Layout(gtx) }),
+					)
+				}),
+				layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D {
+					return layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Horizontal}.Layout(gtx,
+						// r2c1
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return botLeft.Layout(gtx) }),
+						// r2c2
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return botRight.Layout(gtx) }),
+					)
+				}),
+			)
+
+			e.Frame(gtx.Ops)
+
+			switch notify {
+			case notifyInvalidate:
+				notify = notifyPrint
+				w.Invalidate()
+			case notifyPrint:
+				notify = notifyNone
+				fmt.Println("gio frame ready")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// quarterWidget paints a quarter of the screen with one color. When clicked, it
+// turns red, going back to its normal color when clicked again.
+type quarterWidget struct {
+	color color.NRGBA
+
+	clicked bool
+}
+
+var red = color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff}
+
+func (w *quarterWidget) Layout(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
+	var color color.NRGBA
+	if w.clicked {
+		color = red
+	} else {
+		color = w.color
+	}
+
+	r := image.Rectangle{Max: gtx.Constraints.Max}
+	paint.FillShape(gtx.Ops, color, clip.Rect(r).Op())
+
+	defer clip.Rect(image.Rectangle{
+		Max: image.Pt(gtx.Constraints.Max.X, gtx.Constraints.Max.Y),
+	}).Push(gtx.Ops).Pop()
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   w,
+		Types: pointer.Press,
+	}.Add(gtx.Ops)
+
+	for _, e := range gtx.Events(w) {
+		if e, ok := e.(pointer.Event); ok && e.Type == pointer.Press {
+			w.clicked = !w.clicked
+			// notify when we're done updating the frame.
+			notify = notifyInvalidate
+		}
+	}
+	return layout.Dimensions{Size: gtx.Constraints.Max}
+}

cmd/gogio/wayland_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"text/template"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type WaylandTestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	runtimeDir string
+	socket     string
+	display    string
+}
+
+// No bars or anything fancy. Just a white background with our dimensions.
+var tmplSwayConfig = template.Must(template.New("").Parse(`
+output * bg #FFFFFF solid_color
+output * mode {{.Width}}x{{.Height}}
+default_border none
+`))
+
+var rxSwayReady = regexp.MustCompile(`Running compositor on wayland display '(.*)'`)
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	// We want os.Environ, so that it can e.g. find $DISPLAY to run within
+	// X11. wlroots env vars are documented at:
+	// https://github.com/swaywm/wlroots/blob/master/docs/env_vars.md
+	env := os.Environ()
+	if *headless {
+		env = append(env, "WLR_BACKENDS=headless")
+	}
+
+	d.needPrograms(
+		"sway",    // to run a wayland compositor
+		"grim",    // to take screenshots
+		"swaymsg", // to send input
+	)
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	dir := d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-wayland")
+	bin := filepath.Join(dir, "red")
+	flags := []string{"build", "-tags", "nox11", "-o=" + bin}
+	if raceEnabled {
+		flags = append(flags, "-race")
+	}
+	flags = append(flags, path)
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", flags...)
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("could not build app: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	conf := filepath.Join(dir, "config")
+	f, err := os.Create(conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if err := tmplSwayConfig.Execute(f, struct{ Width, Height int }{
+		d.width, d.height,
+	}); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	d.socket = filepath.Join(dir, "socket")
+	env = append(env, "SWAYSOCK="+d.socket)
+	d.runtimeDir = dir
+	env = append(env, "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="+d.runtimeDir)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	d.Cleanup(wg.Wait)
+
+	// First, start sway.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sway", "--config", conf, "--verbose")
+		cmd.Env = env
+		stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		d.Cleanup(func() {
+			// Give it a chance to exit gracefully, cleaning up
+			// after itself. After 10ms, the deferred cancel above
+			// will signal an os.Kill.
+			cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt)
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+		})
+
+		// Wait for sway to be ready. We probably don't need a deadline
+		// here.
+		br := bufio.NewReader(stderr)
+		for {
+			line, err := br.ReadString('\n')
+			if err != nil {
+				d.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if m := rxSwayReady.FindStringSubmatch(line); m != nil {
+				d.display = m[1]
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "interrupt") {
+				// Don't print all stderr, since we use --verbose.
+				// TODO(mvdan): if it's useful, probably filter
+				// errors and show them.
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Then, start our program on the sway compositor above.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin)
+		cmd.Env = []string{"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=" + d.runtimeDir, "WAYLAND_DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	cmd := exec.Command("grim", "/dev/stdout")
+	cmd.Env = []string{"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=" + d.runtimeDir, "WAYLAND_DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(out))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) swaymsg(args ...interface{}) {
+	strs := []string{"--socket", d.socket}
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		strs = append(strs, fmt.Sprint(arg))
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("swaymsg", strs...)
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	d.swaymsg("seat", "-", "cursor", "set", x, y)
+	d.swaymsg("seat", "-", "cursor", "press", "button1")
+	d.swaymsg("seat", "-", "cursor", "release", "button1")
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

cmd/gogio/windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"image"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/image/draw"
+)
+
+// Wine is tightly coupled with X11 at the moment, and we can reuse the same
+// methods to automate screenshots and clicks. The main difference is how we
+// build and run the app.
+
+// The only quirk is that it seems impossible for the Wine window to take the
+// entirety of the X server's dimensions, even if we try to resize it to take
+// the entire display. It seems to want to leave some vertical space empty,
+// presumably for window decorations or the "start" bar on Windows. To work
+// around that, make the X server 50x50px bigger, and crop the screenshots back
+// to the original size.
+
+type WineTestDriver struct {
+	X11TestDriver
+}
+
+func (d *WineTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	d.needPrograms("wine")
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	bin := filepath.Join(d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-windows"), "red.exe")
+	flags := []string{"build", "-o=" + bin}
+	if raceEnabled {
+		if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+			// cross-compilation disables CGo, which breaks -race.
+			d.Skipf("can't cross-compile -race for Windows; skipping")
+		}
+		flags = append(flags, "-race")
+	}
+	flags = append(flags, path)
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", flags...)
+	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
+	cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GOOS=windows")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("could not build app: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	d.Cleanup(wg.Wait)
+
+	// Add 50x50px to the display dimensions, as discussed earlier.
+	d.startServer(&wg, d.width+50, d.height+50)
+
+	// Then, start our program via Wine on the X server above.
+	{
+		cacheDir, err := os.UserCacheDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// Use a wine directory separate from the default ~/.wine, so
+		// that the user's winecfg doesn't affect our test. This will
+		// default to ~/.cache/gio-e2e-wine. We use the user's cache,
+		// to reuse a previously set up wineprefix.
+		wineprefix := filepath.Join(cacheDir, "gio-e2e-wine")
+
+		// First, ensure that wineprefix is up to date with wineboot.
+		// Wait for this separately from the first frame, as setting up
+		// a new prefix might take 5s on its own.
+		env := []string{
+			"DISPLAY=" + d.display,
+			"WINEDEBUG=fixme-all", // hide "fixme" noise
+			"WINEPREFIX=" + wineprefix,
+
+			// Disable wine-gecko (Explorer) and wine-mono (.NET).
+			// Otherwise, if not installed, wineboot will get stuck
+			// with a prompt to install them on the virtual X
+			// display. Moreover, Gio doesn't need either, and wine
+			// is faster without them.
+			"WINEDLLOVERRIDES=mscoree,mshtml=",
+		}
+		{
+			start := time.Now()
+			cmd := exec.Command("wine", "wineboot", "-i")
+			cmd.Env = env
+			// Use a combined output pipe instead of CombinedOutput,
+			// so that we only wait for the child process to exit,
+			// and we don't need to wait for all of wine's
+			// grandchildren to exit and stop writing. This is
+			// relevant as wine leaves "wineserver" lingering for
+			// three seconds by default, to be reused later.
+			stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+			if err != nil {
+				d.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+			if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+				io.Copy(os.Stderr, stdout)
+				d.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			d.Logf("set up WINEPREFIX in %s", time.Since(start))
+		}
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "wine", bin)
+		cmd.Env = env
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+
+	// xdotool seems to fail at actually moving the window if we use it
+	// immediately after Gio is ready. Why?
+	// We can't tell if the windowmove operation worked until we take a
+	// screenshot, because the getwindowgeometry op reports the 0x0
+	// coordinates even if the window wasn't moved properly.
+	// A sleep of ~20ms seems to be enough on an idle laptop. Use 20x that.
+	// TODO(mvdan): revisit this, when you have a spare three hours.
+	time.Sleep(400 * time.Millisecond)
+	id := d.xdotool("search", "--sync", "--onlyvisible", "--name", "Gio")
+	d.xdotool("windowmove", "--sync", id, 0, 0)
+}
+
+func (d *WineTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	img := d.X11TestDriver.Screenshot()
+	// Crop the screenshot back to the original dimensions.
+	cropped := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, d.width, d.height))
+	draw.Draw(cropped, cropped.Bounds(), img, image.Point{}, draw.Src)
+	return cropped
+}

cmd/gogio/windowsbuild.go

@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+
+	"github.com/akavel/rsrc/binutil"
+	"github.com/akavel/rsrc/coff"
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode"
+)
+
+func buildWindows(tmpDir string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	builder := &windowsBuilder{TempDir: tmpDir}
+	builder.DestDir = *destPath
+	if builder.DestDir == "" {
+		builder.DestDir = bi.pkgPath
+	}
+
+	name := bi.name
+	if *destPath != "" {
+		if filepath.Ext(*destPath) != ".exe" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid output name %q, it must end with `.exe`", *destPath)
+		}
+		name = filepath.Base(*destPath)
+	}
+	name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, ".exe")
+	sdk := bi.minsdk
+	if sdk > 10 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid minsdk (%d) it's higher than Windows 10", sdk)
+	}
+	version := strconv.Itoa(bi.version)
+	if bi.version > math.MaxUint16 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("version (%d) is larger than the maximum (%d)", bi.version, math.MaxUint16)
+	}
+
+	for _, arch := range bi.archs {
+		builder.Coff = coff.NewRSRC()
+		builder.Coff.Arch(arch)
+
+		if err := builder.embedIcon(bi.iconPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.embedManifest(windowsManifest{
+			Version:        "1.0.0." + version,
+			WindowsVersion: sdk,
+			Name:           name,
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't create manifest: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.embedInfo(windowsResources{
+			Version:      [2]uint32{uint32(1) << 16, uint32(bi.version)},
+			VersionHuman: "1.0.0." + version,
+			Name:         name,
+			Language:     0x0400, // Process Default Language: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/ms957130(v=msdn.10)
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't create info: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.buildResource(bi, name, arch); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't build the resources: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.buildProgram(bi, name, arch); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type (
+	windowsResources struct {
+		Version      [2]uint32
+		VersionHuman string
+		Language     uint16
+		Name         string
+	}
+	windowsManifest struct {
+		Version        string
+		WindowsVersion int
+		Name           string
+	}
+	windowsBuilder struct {
+		TempDir string
+		DestDir string
+		Coff    *coff.Coff
+	}
+)
+
+const (
+	// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/menurc/resource-types
+	windowsResourceIcon      = 3
+	windowsResourceIconGroup = windowsResourceIcon + 11
+	windowsResourceManifest  = 24
+	windowsResourceVersion   = 16
+)
+
+type bufferCoff struct {
+	bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+func (b *bufferCoff) Size() int64 {
+	return int64(b.Len())
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) embedIcon(path string) (err error) {
+	iconFile, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("can't read the icon located at %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+	defer iconFile.Close()
+
+	iconImage, err := png.Decode(iconFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("can't decode the PNG file (%s): %v", path, err)
+	}
+
+	sizes := []int{16, 32, 48, 64, 128, 256}
+	var iconHeader bufferCoff
+
+	// GRPICONDIR structure.
+	if err := binary.Write(&iconHeader, binary.LittleEndian, [3]uint16{0, 1, uint16(len(sizes))}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, size := range sizes {
+		var iconBuffer bufferCoff
+
+		if err := png.Encode(&iconBuffer, resizeIcon(iconVariant{size: size, fill: false}, iconImage)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't encode image: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceIcon, uint16(size), &iconBuffer)
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&iconHeader, binary.LittleEndian, struct {
+			Size     [2]uint8
+			Color    [2]uint8
+			Planes   uint16
+			BitCount uint16
+			Length   uint32
+			Id       uint16
+		}{
+			Size:     [2]uint8{uint8(size % 256), uint8(size % 256)}, // "0" means 256px.
+			Planes:   1,
+			BitCount: 32,
+			Length:   uint32(iconBuffer.Len()),
+			Id:       uint16(size),
+		}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceIconGroup, 1, &iconHeader)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) buildResource(buildInfo *buildInfo, name string, arch string) error {
+	out, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(buildInfo.pkgPath, name+"_windows_"+arch+".syso"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+	b.Coff.Freeze()
+
+	// See https://github.com/akavel/rsrc/internal/write.go#L13.
+	w := binutil.Writer{W: out}
+	binutil.Walk(b.Coff, func(v reflect.Value, path string) error {
+		if binutil.Plain(v.Kind()) {
+			w.WriteLE(v.Interface())
+			return nil
+		}
+		vv, ok := v.Interface().(binutil.SizedReader)
+		if ok {
+			w.WriteFromSized(vv)
+			return binutil.WALK_SKIP
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if w.Err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error writing output file: %s", w.Err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) buildProgram(buildInfo *buildInfo, name string, arch string) error {
+	dest := b.DestDir
+	if len(buildInfo.archs) > 1 {
+		dest = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(b.DestDir), name+"_"+arch+".exe")
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(
+		"go",
+		"build",
+		"-ldflags=-H=windowsgui "+buildInfo.ldflags,
+		"-tags="+buildInfo.tags,
+		"-o", dest,
+		buildInfo.pkgPath,
+	)
+	cmd.Env = append(
+		os.Environ(),
+		"GOOS=windows",
+		"GOARCH="+arch,
+	)
+	_, err := runCmd(cmd)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) embedManifest(v windowsManifest) error {
+	t, err := template.New("manifest").Parse(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+    <assemblyIdentity type="win32" name="{{.Name}}" version="{{.Version}}" />
+    <description>{{.Name}}</description>
+    <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
+        <application>
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 10)}}<supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 9)}}<supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 8)}}<supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 7)}}<supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 6)}}<supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/>
+{{end}}
+        </application>
+    </compatibility>
+    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+        <security>
+            <requestedPrivileges>
+                <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
+            </requestedPrivileges>
+        </security>
+    </trustInfo>
+	<asmv3:application>
+		<asmv3:windowsSettings>
+			<dpiAware xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">true</dpiAware>
+		</asmv3:windowsSettings>
+	</asmv3:application>
+</assembly>`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var manifest bufferCoff
+	if err := t.Execute(&manifest, v); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceManifest, 1, &manifest)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) embedInfo(v windowsResources) error {
+	page := uint16(1)
+
+	// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/vs-versioninfo
+	t := newValue(valueBinary, "VS_VERSION_INFO", []io.WriterTo{
+		// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/api/VerRsrc/ns-verrsrc-vs_fixedfileinfo
+		windowsInfoValueFixed{
+			Signature:      0xFEEF04BD,
+			StructVersion:  0x00010000,
+			FileVersion:    v.Version,
+			ProductVersion: v.Version,
+			FileFlagMask:   0x3F,
+			FileFlags:      0,
+			FileOS:         0x40004,
+			FileType:       0x1,
+			FileSubType:    0,
+		},
+		// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/stringfileinfo
+		newValue(valueText, "StringFileInfo", []io.WriterTo{
+			// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/stringtable
+			newValue(valueText, fmt.Sprintf("%04X%04X", v.Language, page), []io.WriterTo{
+				// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/string-str
+				newValue(valueText, "ProductVersion", v.VersionHuman),
+				newValue(valueText, "FileVersion", v.VersionHuman),
+				newValue(valueText, "FileDescription", v.Name),
+				newValue(valueText, "ProductName", v.Name),
+				// TODO include more data: gogio must have some way to provide such information (like Company Name, Copyright...)
+			}),
+		}),
+		// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/varfileinfo
+		newValue(valueBinary, "VarFileInfo", []io.WriterTo{
+			// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/var-str
+			newValue(valueBinary, "Translation", uint32(page)<<16|uint32(v.Language)),
+		}),
+	})
+
+	// For some reason the ValueLength of the VS_VERSIONINFO must be the byte-length of `windowsInfoValueFixed`:
+	t.ValueLength = 52
+
+	var verrsrc bufferCoff
+	if _, err := t.WriteTo(&verrsrc); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceVersion, 1, &verrsrc)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type windowsInfoValueFixed struct {
+	Signature      uint32
+	StructVersion  uint32
+	FileVersion    [2]uint32
+	ProductVersion [2]uint32
+	FileFlagMask   uint32
+	FileFlags      uint32
+	FileOS         uint32
+	FileType       uint32
+	FileSubType    uint32
+	FileDate       [2]uint32
+}
+
+func (v windowsInfoValueFixed) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (_ int64, err error) {
+	return 0, binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+}
+
+type windowsInfoValue struct {
+	Length      uint16
+	ValueLength uint16
+	Type        uint16
+	Key         []byte
+	Value       []byte
+}
+
+func (v windowsInfoValue) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (_ int64, err error) {
+	// binary.Write doesn't support []byte inside struct.
+	if err = binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, [3]uint16{v.Length, v.ValueLength, v.Type}); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if _, err = w.Write(v.Key); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if _, err = w.Write(v.Value); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+const (
+	valueBinary uint16 = 0
+	valueText   uint16 = 1
+)
+
+func newValue(valueType uint16, key string, input interface{}) windowsInfoValue {
+	v := windowsInfoValue{
+		Type:   valueType,
+		Length: 6,
+	}
+
+	padding := func(in []byte) []byte {
+		if l := uint16(len(in)) + v.Length; l%4 != 0 {
+			return append(in, make([]byte, 4-l%4)...)
+		}
+		return in
+	}
+
+	v.Key = padding(utf16Encode(key))
+	v.Length += uint16(len(v.Key))
+
+	switch in := input.(type) {
+	case string:
+		v.Value = padding(utf16Encode(in))
+		v.ValueLength = uint16(len(v.Value) / 2)
+	case []io.WriterTo:
+		var buff bytes.Buffer
+		for k := range in {
+			if _, err := in[k].WriteTo(&buff); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+		}
+		v.Value = buff.Bytes()
+	default:
+		var buff bytes.Buffer
+		if err := binary.Write(&buff, binary.LittleEndian, in); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		v.ValueLength = uint16(buff.Len())
+		v.Value = buff.Bytes()
+	}
+
+	v.Length += uint16(len(v.Value))
+
+	return v
+}
+
+// utf16Encode encodes the string to UTF16 with null-termination.
+func utf16Encode(s string) []byte {
+	b, err := unicode.UTF16(unicode.LittleEndian, unicode.IgnoreBOM).NewEncoder().Bytes([]byte(s))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return append(b, 0x00, 0x00) // null-termination.
+}

cmd/gogio/x11_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type X11TestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	display string
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	// First, build the app.
+	bin := filepath.Join(d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-x11"), "red")
+	flags := []string{"build", "-tags", "nowayland", "-o=" + bin}
+	if raceEnabled {
+		flags = append(flags, "-race")
+	}
+	flags = append(flags, path)
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", flags...)
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("could not build app: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	d.Cleanup(wg.Wait)
+
+	d.startServer(&wg, d.width, d.height)
+
+	// Then, start our program on the X server above.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin)
+		cmd.Env = []string{"DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) startServer(wg *sync.WaitGroup, width, height int) {
+	// Pick a random display number between 1 and 100,000. Most machines
+	// will only be using :0, so there's only a 0.001% chance of two
+	// concurrent test runs to run into a conflict.
+	rnd := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
+	d.display = fmt.Sprintf(":%d", rnd.Intn(100000)+1)
+
+	var xprog string
+	xflags := []string{
+		"-wr", // we want a white background; the default is black
+	}
+	if *headless {
+		xprog = "Xvfb" // virtual X server
+		xflags = append(xflags, "-screen", "0", fmt.Sprintf("%dx%dx24", width, height))
+	} else {
+		xprog = "Xephyr" // nested X server as a window
+		xflags = append(xflags, "-screen", fmt.Sprintf("%dx%d", width, height))
+	}
+	xflags = append(xflags, d.display)
+
+	d.needPrograms(
+		xprog,     // to run the X server
+		"scrot",   // to take screenshots
+		"xdotool", // to send input
+	)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, xprog, xflags...)
+	combined := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	cmd.Stdout = combined
+	cmd.Stderr = combined
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	d.Cleanup(cancel)
+	d.Cleanup(func() {
+		// Give it a chance to exit gracefully, cleaning up
+		// after itself. After 10ms, the deferred cancel above
+		// will signal an os.Kill.
+		cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt)
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	})
+
+	// Wait for the X server to be ready. The socket path isn't
+	// terribly portable, but that's okay for now.
+	withRetries(d.T, time.Second, func() error {
+		socket := fmt.Sprintf("/tmp/.X11-unix/X%s", d.display[1:])
+		_, err := os.Stat(socket)
+		return err
+	})
+
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+			// Print all output and error.
+			io.Copy(os.Stdout, combined)
+			d.Error(err)
+		}
+		wg.Done()
+	}()
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	cmd := exec.Command("scrot", "--silent", "--overwrite", "/dev/stdout")
+	cmd.Env = []string{"DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(out))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) xdotool(args ...interface{}) string {
+	d.Helper()
+	strs := make([]string, len(args))
+	for i, arg := range args {
+		strs[i] = fmt.Sprint(arg)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("xdotool", strs...)
+	cmd.Env = []string{"DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return string(bytes.TrimSpace(out))
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	d.xdotool("mousemove", "--sync", x, y)
+	d.xdotool("click", "1")
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

f32/affine.go

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 package f32
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"math"
-	"strconv"
 )
 
-// Affine2D represents an affine 2D transformation. The zero value of Affine2D
+// Affine2D represents an affine 2D transformation. The zero value if Affine2D
 // represents the identity transform.
 type Affine2D struct {
 	// in order to make the zero value of Affine2D represent the identity
@@ -112,15 +112,6 @@ func (a Affine2D) Elems() (sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy float32) {
 	return a.a + 1, a.b, a.c, a.d, a.e + 1, a.f
 }
 
-// Split a transform into two parts, one which is pure offset and the
-// other representing the scaling, shearing and rotation part.
-func (a *Affine2D) Split() (srs Affine2D, offset Point) {
-	return Affine2D{
-		a: a.a, b: a.b, c: 0,
-		d: a.d, e: a.e, f: 0,
-	}, Point{X: a.c, Y: a.f}
-}
-
 func (a Affine2D) scale(factor Point) Affine2D {
 	return Affine2D{
 		(a.a+1)*factor.X - 1, a.b * factor.X, a.c * factor.X,
@@ -148,25 +139,5 @@ func (a Affine2D) shear(radiansX, radiansY float32) Affine2D {
 
 func (a Affine2D) String() string {
 	sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy := a.Elems()
-
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[[%f %f %f] [%f %f %f]]", sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy)
-	// precision 6, one period, negative sign and space per number
-	const prec = 6
-	const charsPerFloat = prec + 2 + 1
-	s := make([]byte, 0, 6*charsPerFloat+6)
-
-	s = append(s, '[', '[')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(sx), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(hx), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(ox), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ']', ' ', '[')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(hy), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(sy), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(oy), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ']', ']')
-
-	return string(s)
 }

f32/affine_test.go

@@ -37,29 +37,6 @@ func TestTransformOffset(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestString(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		in  Affine2D
-		exp string
-	}{
-		{
-			in:  NewAffine2D(9, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23),
-			exp: "[[9 11 13] [17 19 23]]",
-		}, {
-			in:  NewAffine2D(29, 31, 37, 43, 47, 53),
-			exp: "[[29 31 37] [43 47 53]]",
-		}, {
-			in:  NewAffine2D(29.142342, 31.4123412, 37.53152, 43.51324213, 47.123412, 53.14312342),
-			exp: "[[29.1423 31.4123 37.5315] [43.5132 47.1234 53.1431]]",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		if test.in.String() != test.exp {
-			t.Errorf("string mismatch: have %q, want %q", test.in.String(), test.exp)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestTransformScale(t *testing.T) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 2}
 	s := Point{X: -1, Y: 2}

f32/f32.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /*
 Package f32 is a float32 implementation of package image's
-Point and affine transformations.
+Point and Rectangle.
 
 The coordinate space has the origin in the top left
 corner with the axes extending right and down.
@@ -26,6 +26,30 @@ func (p Point) String() string {
 		"," + strconv.FormatFloat(float64(p.Y), 'f', -1, 32) + ")"
 }
 
+// A Rectangle contains the points (X, Y) where Min.X <= X < Max.X,
+// Min.Y <= Y < Max.Y.
+type Rectangle struct {
+	Min, Max Point
+}
+
+// String return a string representation of r.
+func (r Rectangle) String() string {
+	return r.Min.String() + "-" + r.Max.String()
+}
+
+// Rect is a shorthand for Rectangle{Point{x0, y0}, Point{x1, y1}}.
+// The returned Rectangle has x0 and y0 swapped if necessary so that
+// it's correctly formed.
+func Rect(x0, y0, x1, y1 float32) Rectangle {
+	if x0 > x1 {
+		x0, x1 = x1, x0
+	}
+	if y0 > y1 {
+		y0, y1 = y1, y0
+	}
+	return Rectangle{Point{x0, y0}, Point{x1, y1}}
+}
+
 // Pt is shorthand for Point{X: x, Y: y}.
 func Pt(x, y float32) Point {
 	return Point{X: x, Y: y}
@@ -51,10 +75,122 @@ func (p Point) Div(s float32) Point {
 	return Point{X: p.X / s, Y: p.Y / s}
 }
 
-// Round returns the integer point closest to p.
+// In reports whether p is in r.
-func (p Point) Round() image.Point {
+func (p Point) In(r Rectangle) bool {
-	return image.Point{
+	return r.Min.X <= p.X && p.X < r.Max.X &&
-		X: int(math.Round(float64(p.X))),
+		r.Min.Y <= p.Y && p.Y < r.Max.Y
-		Y: int(math.Round(float64(p.Y))),
+}
+
+// Size returns r's width and height.
+func (r Rectangle) Size() Point {
+	return Point{X: r.Dx(), Y: r.Dy()}
+}
+
+// Dx returns r's width.
+func (r Rectangle) Dx() float32 {
+	return r.Max.X - r.Min.X
+}
+
+// Dy returns r's Height.
+func (r Rectangle) Dy() float32 {
+	return r.Max.Y - r.Min.Y
+}
+
+// Intersect returns the intersection of r and s.
+func (r Rectangle) Intersect(s Rectangle) Rectangle {
+	if r.Min.X < s.Min.X {
+		r.Min.X = s.Min.X
+	}
+	if r.Min.Y < s.Min.Y {
+		r.Min.Y = s.Min.Y
+	}
+	if r.Max.X > s.Max.X {
+		r.Max.X = s.Max.X
+	}
+	if r.Max.Y > s.Max.Y {
+		r.Max.Y = s.Max.Y
+	}
+	if r.Empty() {
+		return Rectangle{}
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// Union returns the union of r and s.
+func (r Rectangle) Union(s Rectangle) Rectangle {
+	if r.Empty() {
+		return s
+	}
+	if s.Empty() {
+		return r
+	}
+	if r.Min.X > s.Min.X {
+		r.Min.X = s.Min.X
+	}
+	if r.Min.Y > s.Min.Y {
+		r.Min.Y = s.Min.Y
+	}
+	if r.Max.X < s.Max.X {
+		r.Max.X = s.Max.X
+	}
+	if r.Max.Y < s.Max.Y {
+		r.Max.Y = s.Max.Y
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// Canon returns the canonical version of r, where Min is to
+// the upper left of Max.
+func (r Rectangle) Canon() Rectangle {
+	if r.Max.X < r.Min.X {
+		r.Min.X, r.Max.X = r.Max.X, r.Min.X
+	}
+	if r.Max.Y < r.Min.Y {
+		r.Min.Y, r.Max.Y = r.Max.Y, r.Min.Y
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// Empty reports whether r represents the empty area.
+func (r Rectangle) Empty() bool {
+	return r.Min.X >= r.Max.X || r.Min.Y >= r.Max.Y
+}
+
+// Add offsets r with the vector p.
+func (r Rectangle) Add(p Point) Rectangle {
+	return Rectangle{
+		Point{r.Min.X + p.X, r.Min.Y + p.Y},
+		Point{r.Max.X + p.X, r.Max.Y + p.Y},
 	}
 }
+
+// Sub offsets r with the vector -p.
+func (r Rectangle) Sub(p Point) Rectangle {
+	return Rectangle{
+		Point{r.Min.X - p.X, r.Min.Y - p.Y},
+		Point{r.Max.X - p.X, r.Max.Y - p.Y},
+	}
+}
+
+// Round returns the smallest integer rectangle that
+// contains r.
+func (r Rectangle) Round() image.Rectangle {
+	return image.Rectangle{
+		Min: image.Point{
+			X: int(floor(r.Min.X)),
+			Y: int(floor(r.Min.Y)),
+		},
+		Max: image.Point{
+			X: int(ceil(r.Max.X)),
+			Y: int(ceil(r.Max.Y)),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func ceil(v float32) int {
+	return int(math.Ceil(float64(v)))
+}
+
+func floor(v float32) int {
+	return int(math.Floor(float64(v)))
+}

flake.lock

@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
     "android": {
       "inputs": {
         "devshell": "devshell",
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_2",
         "nixpkgs": [
           "nixpkgs"
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701721028,
+        "lastModified": 1648412532,
-        "narHash": "sha256-2z4YrdHPLoMZNWR1MPOjNZMqPg057i1eZXaYI6RTahQ=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-zh0rLcppJ5i2Bh8oBWjBhDvgOrMhDGdXINbp3bhrs0U=",
         "owner": "tadfisher",
         "repo": "android-nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "c923f9ec0f4dd0d7dc725dc5b73fbf03658e50dd",
+        "rev": "b1318b23926260685dbb09dd127f38c917fc7441",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -24,18 +24,15 @@
     },
     "devshell": {
       "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs": [
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
-          "android",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ],
-        "systems": "systems"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701697687,
+        "lastModified": 1647857022,
-        "narHash": "sha256-dLLE5wQBVv+pIb4bWmKFSw2DvLVyuEk0F7ng6hpZPSU=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-Aw70NWLOIwKhT60MHDGjgWis3DP3faCzr6ap9CSayek=",
         "owner": "numtide",
         "repo": "devshell",
-        "rev": "c3bd77911391eb1638af6ce773de86da57ee6df5",
+        "rev": "0a5ff74dacb9ea22614f64e61aeb3ca0bf0e7311",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -45,15 +42,27 @@
       }
     },
     "flake-utils": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_2"
-      },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701680307,
+        "lastModified": 1642700792,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kAuep2h5ajznlPMD9rnQyffWG8EM/C73lejGofXvdM8=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-XqHrk7hFb+zBvRg6Ghl+AZDq03ov6OshJLiSWOoX5es=",
         "owner": "numtide",
         "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "4022d587cbbfd70fe950c1e2083a02621806a725",
+        "rev": "846b2ae0fc4cc943637d3d1def4454213e203cba",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "flake-utils_2": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1648297722,
+        "narHash": "sha256-W+qlPsiZd8F3XkzXOzAoR+mpFqzm3ekQkJNa+PIh1BQ=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "0f8662f1319ad6abf89b3380dd2722369fc51ade",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -64,16 +73,31 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1701282334,
+        "lastModified": 1643381941,
-        "narHash": "sha256-MxCVrXY6v4QmfTwIysjjaX0XUhqBbxTWWB4HXtDYsdk=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-pHTwvnN4tTsEKkWlXQ8JMY423epos8wUOhthpwJjtpc=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "057f9aecfb71c4437d2b27d3323df7f93c010b7e",
+        "rev": "5efc8ca954272c4376ac929f4c5ffefcc20551d5",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs_2": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1648469949,
+        "narHash": "sha256-ExCG9k36QNs0bNsi2NwnfL4w/kjb661rW43pf03ok/Y=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "a63a39e23873d5d72753ff12bb418cb7e470790c",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "23.11",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
         "type": "github"
       }
@@ -81,37 +105,7 @@
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "android": "android",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
       }
     }
   },

flake.nix

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   description = "Gio build environment";
 
   inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs";
     android.url = "github:tadfisher/android-nixpkgs";
     android.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
   };
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
             default = with pkgs; mkShell
               ({
                 ANDROID_SDK_ROOT = "${android-sdk}/share/android-sdk";
-                JAVA_HOME = jdk17.home;
+                JAVA_HOME = jdk8.home;
                 packages = [
                   android-sdk
-                  jdk17
+                  jdk8
                   clang
                 ] ++ (if stdenv.isLinux then [
                   vulkan-headers
@@ -46,13 +46,7 @@
                   xorg.libXcursor
                   xorg.libXfixes
                   libGL
-                  pkg-config
+                  pkgconfig
-                ] else if stdenv.isDarwin then [
-                  darwin.apple_sdk_11_0.frameworks.Foundation
-                  darwin.apple_sdk_11_0.frameworks.Metal
-                  darwin.apple_sdk_11_0.frameworks.QuartzCore
-                  darwin.apple_sdk_11_0.frameworks.AppKit
-                  darwin.apple_sdk_11_0.MacOSX-SDK
                 ] else [ ]);
               } // (if stdenv.isLinux then {
                 LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "${vulkan-loader}/lib";

font/font.go

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Package font provides type describing font faces attributes.
-*/
-package font
-
-import (
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
-)
-
-// A FontFace is a Font and a matching Face.
-type FontFace struct {
-	Font Font
-	Face Face
-}
-
-// Style is the font style.
-type Style int
-
-// Weight is a font weight, in CSS units subtracted 400 so the zero value
-// is normal text weight.
-type Weight int
-
-// Font specify a particular typeface variant, style and weight.
-type Font struct {
-	// Typeface specifies the name(s) of the the font faces to try. See [Typeface]
-	// for details.
-	Typeface Typeface
-	// Style specifies the kind of text style.
-	Style Style
-	// Weight is the text weight.
-	Weight Weight
-}
-
-// Face is an opaque handle to a typeface. The concrete implementation depends
-// upon the kind of font and shaper in use.
-type Face interface {
-	Face() font.Face
-}
-
-// Typeface identifies a list of font families to attempt to use for displaying
-// a string. The syntax is a comma-delimited list of family names. In order to
-// allow for the remote possibility of needing to express a font family name
-// containing a comma, name entries may be quoted using either single or double
-// quotes. Within quotes, a literal quotation mark can be expressed by escaping
-// it with `\`. A literal backslash may be expressed by escaping it with another
-// `\`.
-//
-// Here's an example Typeface:
-//
-//	Times New Roman, Georgia, serif
-//
-// This is equivalent to the above:
-//
-//	"Times New Roman", 'Georgia', serif
-//
-// Here are some valid uses of escape sequences:
-//
-//	"Contains a literal \" doublequote", 'Literal \' Singlequote', "\\ Literal backslash", '\\ another'
-//
-// This syntax has the happy side effect that most CSS "font-family" rules are
-// valid Typefaces (without the trailing semicolon).
-//
-// Generic CSS font families are supported, and are automatically expanded to lists
-// of known font families with a matching style. The supported generic families are:
-//
-//   - fantasy
-//   - math
-//   - emoji
-//   - serif
-//   - sans-serif
-//   - cursive
-//   - monospace
-type Typeface string
-
-const (
-	Regular Style = iota
-	Italic
-)
-
-const (
-	Thin       Weight = -300
-	ExtraLight Weight = -200
-	Light      Weight = -100
-	Normal     Weight = 0
-	Medium     Weight = 100
-	SemiBold   Weight = 200
-	Bold       Weight = 300
-	ExtraBold  Weight = 400
-	Black      Weight = 500
-)
-
-func (s Style) String() string {
-	switch s {
-	case Regular:
-		return "Regular"
-	case Italic:
-		return "Italic"
-	default:
-		panic("invalid Style")
-	}
-}
-
-func (w Weight) String() string {
-	switch w {
-	case Thin:
-		return "Thin"
-	case ExtraLight:
-		return "ExtraLight"
-	case Light:
-		return "Light"
-	case Normal:
-		return "Normal"
-	case Medium:
-		return "Medium"
-	case SemiBold:
-		return "SemiBold"
-	case Bold:
-		return "Bold"
-	case ExtraBold:
-		return "ExtraBold"
-	case Black:
-		return "Black"
-	default:
-		panic("invalid Weight")
-	}
-}

font/gofont/gofont.go

@@ -24,49 +24,29 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/gosmallcaps"
 	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/gosmallcapsitalic"
 
-	"gioui.org/font"
 	"gioui.org/font/opentype"
+	"gioui.org/text"
 )
 
 var (
-	regOnce    sync.Once
-	reg        []font.FontFace
 	once       sync.Once
-	collection []font.FontFace
+	collection []text.FontFace
 )
 
-func loadRegular() {
+func Collection() []text.FontFace {
-	regOnce.Do(func() {
-		faces, err := opentype.ParseCollection(goregular.TTF)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to parse font: %v", err))
-		}
-		reg = faces
-		collection = append(collection, reg[0])
-	})
-}
-
-// Regular returns a collection of only the Go regular font face.
-func Regular() []font.FontFace {
-	loadRegular()
-	return reg
-}
-
-// Regular returns a collection of all available Go font faces.
-func Collection() []font.FontFace {
-	loadRegular()
 	once.Do(func() {
-		register(goitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{}, goregular.TTF)
-		register(gobold.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Style: text.Italic}, goitalic.TTF)
-		register(gobolditalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Weight: text.Bold}, gobold.TTF)
-		register(gomedium.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Style: text.Italic, Weight: text.Bold}, gobolditalic.TTF)
-		register(gomediumitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Weight: text.Medium}, gomedium.TTF)
-		register(gomono.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Weight: text.Medium, Style: text.Italic}, gomediumitalic.TTF)
-		register(gomonobold.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono"}, gomono.TTF)
-		register(gomonobolditalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono", Weight: text.Bold}, gomonobold.TTF)
-		register(gomonoitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono", Weight: text.Bold, Style: text.Italic}, gomonobolditalic.TTF)
-		register(gosmallcaps.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono", Style: text.Italic}, gomonoitalic.TTF)
-		register(gosmallcapsitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Smallcaps"}, gosmallcaps.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Smallcaps", Style: text.Italic}, gosmallcapsitalic.TTF)
 		// Ensure that any outside appends will not reuse the backing store.
 		n := len(collection)
 		collection = collection[:n:n]
@@ -74,10 +54,11 @@ func Collection() []font.FontFace {
 	return collection
 }
 
-func register(ttf []byte) {
+func register(fnt text.Font, ttf []byte) {
-	faces, err := opentype.ParseCollection(ttf)
+	face, err := opentype.Parse(ttf)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to parse font: %v", err))
 	}
-	collection = append(collection, faces[0])
+	fnt.Typeface = "Go"
+	collection = append(collection, text.FontFace{Font: fnt, Face: face})
 }

font/opentype/internal/shaping.go

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/text"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/language"
+	"github.com/gioui/uax/segment"
+	"github.com/gioui/uax/uax14"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/di"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+)
+
+// computeGlyphClusters populates the Clusters field of a Layout.
+// The order of the clusters is visual, meaning
+// that the first cluster is the leftmost cluster displayed even when
+// the cluster is part of RTL text.
+func computeGlyphClusters(l *text.Layout) {
+	clusters := make([]text.GlyphCluster, 0, len(l.Glyphs)+1)
+	if len(l.Glyphs) < 1 {
+		if l.Runes.Count > 0 {
+			// Empty line corresponding to a newline character.
+			clusters = append(clusters, text.GlyphCluster{
+				Runes: text.Range{
+					Count:  1,
+					Offset: l.Runes.Offset,
+				},
+			})
+		}
+		l.Clusters = clusters
+		return
+	}
+	rtl := l.Direction == system.RTL
+
+	// Check for trailing whitespace characters and synthesize
+	// GlyphClusters to represent them.
+	lastGlyph := l.Glyphs[len(l.Glyphs)-1]
+	if rtl {
+		lastGlyph = l.Glyphs[0]
+	}
+	trailingNewline := lastGlyph.ClusterIndex+lastGlyph.RuneCount < l.Runes.Count+l.Runes.Offset
+	newlineCluster := text.GlyphCluster{
+		Runes: text.Range{
+			Count:  1,
+			Offset: l.Runes.Count + l.Runes.Offset - 1,
+		},
+		Glyphs: text.Range{
+			Offset: len(l.Glyphs),
+		},
+	}
+
+	var (
+		i               int = 0
+		inc             int = 1
+		runesProcessed  int = 0
+		glyphsProcessed int = 0
+	)
+
+	if rtl {
+		i = len(l.Glyphs) - 1
+		inc = -inc
+		glyphsProcessed = len(l.Glyphs) - 1
+		newlineCluster.Glyphs.Offset = 0
+	}
+	// Construct clusters from the line's glyphs.
+	for ; i < len(l.Glyphs) && i >= 0; i += inc {
+		g := l.Glyphs[i]
+		xAdv := g.XAdvance * fixed.Int26_6(inc)
+		for k := 0; k < g.GlyphCount-1 && k < len(l.Glyphs); k++ {
+			i += inc
+			xAdv += l.Glyphs[i].XAdvance * fixed.Int26_6(inc)
+		}
+
+		startRune := runesProcessed
+		runeIncrement := g.RuneCount
+		startGlyph := glyphsProcessed
+		glyphIncrement := g.GlyphCount * inc
+		if rtl {
+			startGlyph = glyphsProcessed + glyphIncrement + 1
+		}
+		clusters = append(clusters, text.GlyphCluster{
+			Advance: xAdv,
+			Runes: text.Range{
+				Count:  g.RuneCount,
+				Offset: startRune + l.Runes.Offset,
+			},
+			Glyphs: text.Range{
+				Count:  g.GlyphCount,
+				Offset: startGlyph,
+			},
+		})
+		runesProcessed += runeIncrement
+		glyphsProcessed += glyphIncrement
+	}
+	// Insert synthetic clusters at the right edge of the line.
+	if trailingNewline {
+		clusters = append(clusters, newlineCluster)
+	}
+	l.Clusters = clusters
+	return
+}
+
+// langConfig describes the language and writing system of a body of text.
+type langConfig struct {
+	// Language the text is written in.
+	language.Language
+	// Writing system used to represent the text.
+	language.Script
+	// Direction of the text, usually driven by the writing system.
+	di.Direction
+}
+
+// mapRunesToClusterIndices returns a slice. Each index within that slice corresponds
+// to an index within the runes input slice. The value stored at that index is the
+// index of the glyph at the start of the corresponding glyph cluster shaped by
+// harfbuzz.
+func mapRunesToClusterIndices(runes []rune, glyphs []shaping.Glyph) []int {
+	mapping := make([]int, len(runes))
+	glyphCursor := 0
+	if len(runes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// If the final cluster values are lower than the starting ones,
+	// the text is RTL.
+	rtl := len(glyphs) > 0 && glyphs[len(glyphs)-1].ClusterIndex < glyphs[0].ClusterIndex
+	if rtl {
+		glyphCursor = len(glyphs) - 1
+	}
+	for i := range runes {
+		for glyphCursor >= 0 && glyphCursor < len(glyphs) &&
+			((rtl && glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex <= i) ||
+				(!rtl && glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex < i)) {
+			if rtl {
+				glyphCursor--
+			} else {
+				glyphCursor++
+			}
+		}
+		if rtl {
+			glyphCursor++
+		} else if (glyphCursor >= 0 && glyphCursor < len(glyphs) &&
+			glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex > i) ||
+			(glyphCursor == len(glyphs) && len(glyphs) > 1) {
+			glyphCursor--
+			targetClusterIndex := glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex
+			for glyphCursor-1 >= 0 && glyphs[glyphCursor-1].ClusterIndex == targetClusterIndex {
+				glyphCursor--
+			}
+		}
+		if glyphCursor < 0 {
+			glyphCursor = 0
+		} else if glyphCursor >= len(glyphs) {
+			glyphCursor = len(glyphs) - 1
+		}
+		mapping[i] = glyphCursor
+	}
+	return mapping
+}
+
+// inclusiveGlyphRange returns the inclusive range of runes and glyphs matching
+// the provided start and breakAfter rune positions.
+// runeToGlyph must be a valid mapping from the rune representation to the
+// glyph reprsentation produced by mapRunesToClusterIndices.
+// numGlyphs is the number of glyphs in the output representing the runes
+// under consideration.
+func inclusiveGlyphRange(start, breakAfter int, runeToGlyph []int, numGlyphs int) (glyphStart, glyphEnd int) {
+	rtl := runeToGlyph[len(runeToGlyph)-1] < runeToGlyph[0]
+	runeStart := start
+	runeEnd := breakAfter
+	if rtl {
+		glyphStart = runeToGlyph[runeEnd]
+		if runeStart-1 >= 0 {
+			glyphEnd = runeToGlyph[runeStart-1] - 1
+		} else {
+			glyphEnd = numGlyphs - 1
+		}
+	} else {
+		glyphStart = runeToGlyph[runeStart]
+		if runeEnd+1 < len(runeToGlyph) {
+			glyphEnd = runeToGlyph[runeEnd+1] - 1
+		} else {
+			glyphEnd = numGlyphs - 1
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// breakOption represets a location within the rune slice at which
+// it may be safe to break a line of text.
+type breakOption struct {
+	// breakAtRune is the index at which it is safe to break.
+	breakAtRune int
+	// penalty is the cost of breaking at this index. Negative
+	// penalties mean that the break is beneficial, and a penalty
+	// of uax14.PenaltyForMustBreak means a required break.
+	penalty int
+}
+
+// getBreakOptions returns a slice of line break candidates for the
+// text in the provided slice.
+func getBreakOptions(text []rune) []breakOption {
+	// Collect options for breaking the lines in a slice.
+	var options []breakOption
+	const adjust = -1
+	breaker := uax14.NewLineWrap()
+	segmenter := segment.NewSegmenter(breaker)
+	segmenter.InitFromSlice(text)
+	runeOffset := 0
+	brokeAtEnd := false
+	for segmenter.Next() {
+		penalty, _ := segmenter.Penalties()
+		// Determine the indices of the breaking runes in the runes
+		// slice. Would be nice if the API provided this.
+		currentSegment := segmenter.Runes()
+		runeOffset += len(currentSegment)
+
+		// Collect all break options.
+		options = append(options, breakOption{
+			penalty:     penalty,
+			breakAtRune: runeOffset + adjust,
+		})
+		if options[len(options)-1].breakAtRune == len(text)-1 {
+			brokeAtEnd = true
+		}
+	}
+	if len(text) > 0 && !brokeAtEnd {
+		options = append(options, breakOption{
+			penalty:     uax14.PenaltyForMustBreak,
+			breakAtRune: len(text) - 1,
+		})
+	}
+	return options
+}
+
+type Shaper func(shaping.Input) (shaping.Output, error)
+
+// paragraph shapes a single paragraph of text, breaking it into multiple lines
+// to fit within the provided maxWidth.
+func paragraph(shaper Shaper, face font.Face, ppem fixed.Int26_6, maxWidth int, lc langConfig, paragraph []rune) ([]output, error) {
+	// TODO: handle splitting bidi text here
+
+	// Shape the text.
+	input := toInput(face, ppem, lc, paragraph)
+	out, err := shaper(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Get a mapping from input runes to output glyphs.
+	runeToGlyph := mapRunesToClusterIndices(paragraph, out.Glyphs)
+
+	// Fetch line break candidates.
+	breaks := getBreakOptions(paragraph)
+
+	return lineWrap(out, input.Direction, paragraph, runeToGlyph, breaks, maxWidth), nil
+}
+
+// shouldKeepSegmentOnLine decides whether the segment of text from the current
+// end of the line to the provided breakOption should be kept on the current
+// line. It should be called successively with each available breakOption,
+// and the line should be broken (without keeping the current segment)
+// whenever it returns false.
+//
+// The parameters require some explanation:
+// out - the shaping.Output that is being line-broken.
+// runeToGlyph - a mapping where accessing the slice at the index of a rune
+//     int out will yield the index of the first glyph corresponding to that rune.
+// lineStartRune - the index of the first rune in the line.
+// b - the line break candidate under consideration.
+// curLineWidth - the amount of space total in the current line.
+// curLineUsed - the amount of space in the current line that is already used.
+// nextLineWidth - the amount of space available on the next line.
+//
+// This function returns both a valid shaping.Output broken at b and a boolean
+// indicating whether the returned output should be used.
+func shouldKeepSegmentOnLine(out shaping.Output, runeToGlyph []int, lineStartRune int, b breakOption, curLineWidth, curLineUsed, nextLineWidth int) (candidateLine shaping.Output, keep bool) {
+	// Convert the break target to an inclusive index.
+	glyphStart, glyphEnd := inclusiveGlyphRange(lineStartRune, b.breakAtRune, runeToGlyph, len(out.Glyphs))
+
+	// Construct a line out of the inclusive glyph range.
+	candidateLine = out
+	candidateLine.Glyphs = candidateLine.Glyphs[glyphStart : glyphEnd+1]
+	candidateLine.RecomputeAdvance()
+	candidateAdvance := candidateLine.Advance.Ceil()
+	if candidateAdvance > curLineWidth && candidateAdvance-curLineUsed <= nextLineWidth {
+		// If it fits on the next line, put it there.
+		return candidateLine, false
+	}
+
+	return candidateLine, true
+}
+
+// lineWrap wraps the shaped glyphs of a paragraph to a particular max width.
+func lineWrap(out shaping.Output, dir di.Direction, paragraph []rune, runeToGlyph []int, breaks []breakOption, maxWidth int) []output {
+	var outputs []output
+	if len(breaks) == 0 {
+		// Pass empty lines through as empty.
+		outputs = append(outputs, output{
+			Shaped: out,
+			RuneRange: text.Range{
+				Count: len(paragraph),
+			},
+		})
+		return outputs
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(breaks); i++ {
+		b := breaks[i]
+		if b.breakAtRune+1 < len(runeToGlyph) {
+			// Check if this break is valid.
+			gIdx := runeToGlyph[b.breakAtRune]
+			g2Idx := runeToGlyph[b.breakAtRune+1]
+			cIdx := out.Glyphs[gIdx].ClusterIndex
+			c2Idx := out.Glyphs[g2Idx].ClusterIndex
+			if cIdx == c2Idx {
+				// This break is within a harfbuzz cluster, and is
+				// therefore invalid.
+				copy(breaks[i:], breaks[i+1:])
+				breaks = breaks[:len(breaks)-1]
+				i--
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	start := 0
+	runesProcessed := 0
+	for i := 0; i < len(breaks); i++ {
+		b := breaks[i]
+		// Always keep the first segment on a line.
+		good, _ := shouldKeepSegmentOnLine(out, runeToGlyph, start, b, maxWidth, 0, maxWidth)
+		end := b.breakAtRune
+	innerLoop:
+		for k := i + 1; k < len(breaks); k++ {
+			bb := breaks[k]
+			candidate, ok := shouldKeepSegmentOnLine(out, runeToGlyph, start, bb, maxWidth, good.Advance.Ceil(), maxWidth)
+			if ok {
+				// Use this new, longer segment.
+				good = candidate
+				end = bb.breakAtRune
+				i++
+			} else {
+				break innerLoop
+			}
+		}
+		numRunes := end - start + 1
+		outputs = append(outputs, output{
+			Shaped: good,
+			RuneRange: text.Range{
+				Count:  numRunes,
+				Offset: runesProcessed,
+			},
+		})
+		runesProcessed += numRunes
+		start = end + 1
+	}
+	return outputs
+}
+
+// output is a run of shaped text with metadata about its position
+// within a text document.
+type output struct {
+	Shaped    shaping.Output
+	RuneRange text.Range
+}
+
+func toSystemDirection(d di.Direction) system.TextDirection {
+	switch d {
+	case di.DirectionLTR:
+		return system.LTR
+	case di.DirectionRTL:
+		return system.RTL
+	}
+	return system.LTR
+}
+
+// toGioGlyphs converts text shaper glyphs into the minimal representation
+// that Gio needs.
+func toGioGlyphs(in []shaping.Glyph) []text.Glyph {
+	out := make([]text.Glyph, 0, len(in))
+	for _, g := range in {
+		out = append(out, text.Glyph{
+			ID:           g.GlyphID,
+			ClusterIndex: g.ClusterIndex,
+			RuneCount:    g.RuneCount,
+			GlyphCount:   g.GlyphCount,
+			XAdvance:     g.XAdvance,
+			YAdvance:     g.YAdvance,
+			XOffset:      g.XOffset,
+			YOffset:      g.YOffset,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// ToLine converts the output into a text.Line
+func (o output) ToLine() text.Line {
+	advances := make([]fixed.Int26_6, 0, len(o.Shaped.Glyphs))
+	for _, glyph := range o.Shaped.Glyphs {
+		advances = append(advances, glyph.XAdvance)
+	}
+	layout := text.Layout{
+		Glyphs:    toGioGlyphs(o.Shaped.Glyphs),
+		Runes:     o.RuneRange,
+		Direction: toSystemDirection(o.Shaped.Direction),
+	}
+	return text.Line{
+		Layout: layout,
+		Bounds: fixed.Rectangle26_6{
+			Min: fixed.Point26_6{
+				Y: -o.Shaped.LineBounds.Ascent,
+			},
+			Max: fixed.Point26_6{
+				X: o.Shaped.Advance,
+				Y: -o.Shaped.LineBounds.Ascent + o.Shaped.LineBounds.LineHeight(),
+			},
+		},
+		Width:   o.Shaped.Advance,
+		Ascent:  o.Shaped.LineBounds.Ascent,
+		Descent: -o.Shaped.LineBounds.Descent + o.Shaped.LineBounds.Gap,
+	}
+}
+
+func mapDirection(d system.TextDirection) di.Direction {
+	switch d {
+	case system.LTR:
+		return di.DirectionLTR
+	case system.RTL:
+		return di.DirectionRTL
+	}
+	return di.DirectionLTR
+}
+
+// Document shapes text using the given font, ppem, maximum line width, language,
+// and sequence of runes. It returns a slice of lines corresponding to the txt,
+// broken to fit within maxWidth and on paragraph boundaries.
+func Document(shaper Shaper, face font.Face, ppem fixed.Int26_6, maxWidth int, lc system.Locale, txt io.RuneReader) []text.Line {
+	var (
+		outputs       []text.Line
+		startByte     int
+		startRune     int
+		paragraphText []rune
+		done          bool
+		langs         = make(map[language.Script]int)
+	)
+	for !done {
+		var (
+			bytes int
+			runes int
+		)
+		newlineAdjust := 0
+	paragraphLoop:
+		for r, sz, re := txt.ReadRune(); !done; r, sz, re = txt.ReadRune() {
+			if re != nil {
+				done = true
+				continue
+			}
+			paragraphText = append(paragraphText, r)
+			script := language.LookupScript(r)
+			if _, ok := langs[script]; ok {
+				langs[script]++
+			} else {
+				langs[script] = 1
+			}
+			bytes += sz
+			runes++
+			if r == '\n' {
+				newlineAdjust = 1
+				break paragraphLoop
+			}
+		}
+		var (
+			primary      language.Script
+			primaryTotal int
+		)
+		for script, total := range langs {
+			if total > primaryTotal {
+				primary = script
+				primaryTotal = total
+			}
+		}
+		if lc.Language == "" {
+			lc.Language = "EN"
+		}
+		lcfg := langConfig{
+			Language:  language.NewLanguage(lc.Language),
+			Script:    primary,
+			Direction: mapDirection(lc.Direction),
+		}
+		lines, _ := paragraph(shaper, face, ppem, maxWidth, lcfg, paragraphText[:len(paragraphText)-newlineAdjust])
+		for i := range lines {
+			// Update the offsets of each paragraph to be correct within the
+			// whole document.
+			lines[i].RuneRange.Offset += startRune
+			// Update the cluster values to be rune indices within the entire
+			// document.
+			for k := range lines[i].Shaped.Glyphs {
+				lines[i].Shaped.Glyphs[k].ClusterIndex += startRune
+			}
+			outputs = append(outputs, lines[i].ToLine())
+		}
+		// If there was a trailing newline update the byte counts to include
+		// it on the last line of the paragraph.
+		if newlineAdjust > 0 {
+			outputs[len(outputs)-1].Layout.Runes.Count += newlineAdjust
+		}
+		paragraphText = paragraphText[:0]
+		startByte += bytes
+		startRune += runes
+	}
+	for i := range outputs {
+		computeGlyphClusters(&outputs[i].Layout)
+	}
+	return outputs
+}
+
+// toInput converts its parameters into a shaping.Input.
+func toInput(face font.Face, ppem fixed.Int26_6, lc langConfig, runes []rune) shaping.Input {
+	var input shaping.Input
+	input.Direction = lc.Direction
+	input.Text = runes
+	input.Size = ppem
+	input.Face = face
+	input.Language = lc.Language
+	input.Script = lc.Script
+	input.RunStart = 0
+	input.RunEnd = len(runes)
+	return input
+}

font/opentype/opentype.go

@@ -2,191 +2,137 @@
 
 // Package opentype implements text layout and shaping for OpenType
 // files.
-//
-// NOTE: the OpenType specification allows for fonts to include bitmap images
-// in a variety of formats. In the interest of small binary sizes, the opentype
-// package only automatically imports the PNG image decoder. If you have a font
-// with glyphs in JPEG or TIFF formats, register those decoders with the image
-// package in order to ensure those glyphs are visible in text.
 package opentype
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	_ "image/png"
+	"image"
+	"io"
 
-	giofont "gioui.org/font"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/fonts"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/fonts/truetype"
-	fontapi "github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api/font"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/harfbuzz"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/api/metadata"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/opentype/loader"
+	"golang.org/x/image/font"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+
+	"gioui.org/f32"
+	"gioui.org/font/opentype/internal"
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/op"
+	"gioui.org/op/clip"
+	"gioui.org/text"
 )
 
-// Face is a thread-safe representation of a loaded font. For efficiency, applications
+// Font implements the text.Shaper interface using a rich text
-// should construct a face for any given font file once, reusing it across different
+// shaping engine.
-// text shapers.
+type Font struct {
-type Face struct {
+	font *truetype.Font
-	face font.Font
-	font giofont.Font
 }
 
-// Parse constructs a Face from source bytes.
+// Parse constructs a Font from source bytes.
-func Parse(src []byte) (Face, error) {
+func Parse(src []byte) (*Font, error) {
-	ld, err := loader.NewLoader(bytes.NewReader(src))
+	face, err := truetype.Parse(bytes.NewReader(src))
 	if err != nil {
-		return Face{}, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed parsing truetype font: %w", err)
 	}
-	font, md, err := parseLoader(ld)
+	return &Font{
-	if err != nil {
+		font: face,
-		return Face{}, fmt.Errorf("failed parsing truetype font: %w", err)
-	}
-	return Face{
-		face: font,
-		font: md,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// ParseCollection parse an Opentype font file, with support for collections.
+func (f *Font) Layout(ppem fixed.Int26_6, maxWidth int, lc system.Locale, txt io.RuneReader) ([]text.Line, error) {
-// Single font files are supported, returning a slice with length 1.
+	return internal.Document(shaping.Shape, f.font, ppem, maxWidth, lc, txt), nil
-// The returned fonts are automatically wrapped in a text.FontFace with
+}
-// inferred font metadata.
+
-// BUG(whereswaldon): the only Variant that can be detected automatically is
+func (f *Font) Shape(ppem fixed.Int26_6, str text.Layout) clip.PathSpec {
-// "Mono".
+	return textPath(ppem, f, str)
-func ParseCollection(src []byte) ([]giofont.FontFace, error) {
+}
-	lds, err := loader.NewLoaders(bytes.NewReader(src))
+
-	if err != nil {
+func (f *Font) Metrics(ppem fixed.Int26_6) font.Metrics {
-		return nil, err
+	metrics := font.Metrics{}
-	}
+	font := harfbuzz.NewFont(f.font)
-	out := make([]giofont.FontFace, len(lds))
+	font.XScale = int32(ppem.Ceil()) << 6
-	for i, ld := range lds {
+	font.YScale = font.XScale
-		face, md, err := parseLoader(ld)
+	// Use any horizontal direction.
-		if err != nil {
+	fontExtents := font.ExtentsForDirection(harfbuzz.LeftToRight)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading font %d of collection: %s", i, err)
+	ascender := fixed.I(int(fontExtents.Ascender * 64))
+	descender := fixed.I(int(fontExtents.Descender * 64))
+	gap := fixed.I(int(fontExtents.LineGap * 64))
+	metrics.Height = ascender + descender + gap
+	metrics.Ascent = ascender
+	metrics.Descent = descender
+	// These three are not readily available.
+	// TODO(whereswaldon): figure out how to get these values.
+	metrics.XHeight = ascender
+	metrics.CapHeight = ascender
+	metrics.CaretSlope = image.Pt(0, 1)
+
+	return metrics
+}
+
+func textPath(ppem fixed.Int26_6, font *Font, str text.Layout) clip.PathSpec {
+	var lastPos f32.Point
+	var builder clip.Path
+	ops := new(op.Ops)
+	var x fixed.Int26_6
+	builder.Begin(ops)
+	rune := 0
+	ppemInt := ppem.Round()
+	ppem16 := uint16(ppemInt)
+	scaleFactor := float32(ppemInt) / float32(font.font.Upem())
+	for _, g := range str.Glyphs {
+		advance := g.XAdvance
+		outline, ok := font.font.GlyphData(g.ID, ppem16, ppem16).(fonts.GlyphOutline)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
 		}
-		ff := Face{
+		// Move to glyph position.
-			face: face,
+		pos := f32.Point{
-			font: md,
+			X: float32(x)/64 - float32(g.XOffset)/64,
+			Y: -float32(g.YOffset) / 64,
 		}
-		out[i] = giofont.FontFace{
+		builder.Move(pos.Sub(lastPos))
-			Face: ff,
+		lastPos = pos
-			Font: ff.Font(),
+		var lastArg f32.Point
+
+		// Convert sfnt.Segments to relative segments.
+		for _, fseg := range outline.Segments {
+			nargs := 1
+			switch fseg.Op {
+			case fonts.SegmentOpQuadTo:
+				nargs = 2
+			case fonts.SegmentOpCubeTo:
+				nargs = 3
+			}
+			var args [3]f32.Point
+			for i := 0; i < nargs; i++ {
+				a := f32.Point{
+					X: fseg.Args[i].X * scaleFactor,
+					Y: -fseg.Args[i].Y * scaleFactor,
+				}
+				args[i] = a.Sub(lastArg)
+				if i == nargs-1 {
+					lastArg = a
+				}
+			}
+			switch fseg.Op {
+			case fonts.SegmentOpMoveTo:
+				builder.Move(args[0])
+			case fonts.SegmentOpLineTo:
+				builder.Line(args[0])
+			case fonts.SegmentOpQuadTo:
+				builder.Quad(args[0], args[1])
+			case fonts.SegmentOpCubeTo:
+				builder.Cube(args[0], args[1], args[2])
+			default:
+				panic("unsupported segment op")
+			}
 		}
+		lastPos = lastPos.Add(lastArg)
+		x += advance
+		rune++
 	}
-
+	return builder.End()
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func DescriptionToFont(md metadata.Description) giofont.Font {
-	return giofont.Font{
-		Typeface: giofont.Typeface(md.Family),
-		Style:    gioStyle(md.Aspect.Style),
-		Weight:   gioWeight(md.Aspect.Weight),
-	}
-}
-
-func FontToDescription(font giofont.Font) metadata.Description {
-	return metadata.Description{
-		Family: string(font.Typeface),
-		Aspect: metadata.Aspect{
-			Style:  mdStyle(font.Style),
-			Weight: mdWeight(font.Weight),
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// parseLoader parses the contents of the loader into a face and its metadata.
-func parseLoader(ld *loader.Loader) (font.Font, giofont.Font, error) {
-	ft, err := fontapi.NewFont(ld)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, giofont.Font{}, err
-	}
-	data := DescriptionToFont(metadata.Metadata(ld))
-	return ft, data, nil
-}
-
-// Face returns a thread-unsafe wrapper for this Face suitable for use by a single shaper.
-// Face many be invoked any number of times and is safe so long as each return value is
-// only used by one goroutine.
-func (f Face) Face() font.Face {
-	return &fontapi.Face{Font: f.face}
-}
-
-// FontFace returns a text.Font with populated font metadata for the
-// font.
-// BUG(whereswaldon): the only Variant that can be detected automatically is
-// "Mono".
-func (f Face) Font() giofont.Font {
-	return f.font
-}
-
-func gioStyle(s metadata.Style) giofont.Style {
-	switch s {
-	case metadata.StyleItalic:
-		return giofont.Italic
-	case metadata.StyleNormal:
-		fallthrough
-	default:
-		return giofont.Regular
-	}
-}
-
-func mdStyle(g giofont.Style) metadata.Style {
-	switch g {
-	case giofont.Italic:
-		return metadata.StyleItalic
-	case giofont.Regular:
-		fallthrough
-	default:
-		return metadata.StyleNormal
-	}
-}
-
-func gioWeight(w metadata.Weight) giofont.Weight {
-	switch w {
-	case metadata.WeightThin:
-		return giofont.Thin
-	case metadata.WeightExtraLight:
-		return giofont.ExtraLight
-	case metadata.WeightLight:
-		return giofont.Light
-	case metadata.WeightNormal:
-		return giofont.Normal
-	case metadata.WeightMedium:
-		return giofont.Medium
-	case metadata.WeightSemibold:
-		return giofont.SemiBold
-	case metadata.WeightBold:
-		return giofont.Bold
-	case metadata.WeightExtraBold:
-		return giofont.ExtraBold
-	case metadata.WeightBlack:
-		return giofont.Black
-	default:
-		return giofont.Normal
-	}
-}
-
-func mdWeight(g giofont.Weight) metadata.Weight {
-	switch g {
-	case giofont.Thin:
-		return metadata.WeightThin
-	case giofont.ExtraLight:
-		return metadata.WeightExtraLight
-	case giofont.Light:
-		return metadata.WeightLight
-	case giofont.Normal:
-		return metadata.WeightNormal
-	case giofont.Medium:
-		return metadata.WeightMedium
-	case giofont.SemiBold:
-		return metadata.WeightSemibold
-	case giofont.Bold:
-		return metadata.WeightBold
-	case giofont.ExtraBold:
-		return metadata.WeightExtraBold
-	case giofont.Black:
-		return metadata.WeightBlack
-	default:
-		return metadata.WeightNormal
-	}
 }

font/opentype/opentype_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package opentype
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/goregular"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+
+	"gioui.org/internal/ops"
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/op"
+	"gioui.org/op/clip"
+	"gioui.org/text"
+)
+
+var english = system.Locale{
+	Language:  "EN",
+	Direction: system.LTR,
+}
+
+func TestEmptyString(t *testing.T) {
+	face, err := Parse(goregular.TTF)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	ppem := fixed.I(200)
+
+	lines, err := face.Layout(ppem, 2000, english, strings.NewReader(""))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Layout returned no lines for empty string; expected 1")
+	}
+	l := lines[0]
+	exp := fixed.Rectangle26_6{
+		Min: fixed.Point26_6{
+			Y: fixed.Int26_6(-12094),
+		},
+		Max: fixed.Point26_6{
+			Y: fixed.Int26_6(2700),
+		},
+	}
+	if got := l.Bounds; got != exp {
+		t.Errorf("got bounds %+v for empty string; expected %+v", got, exp)
+	}
+}
+
+func decompressFontFile(name string) (*Font, []byte, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("could not open file for reading: %s: %v", name, err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	gz, err := gzip.NewReader(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("font file contains invalid gzip data: %v", err)
+	}
+	src, err := ioutil.ReadAll(gz)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decompress font file: %v", err)
+	}
+	fnt, err := Parse(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("file did not contain a valid font: %v", err)
+	}
+	return fnt, src, nil
+}
+
+// mergeFonts produces a trivial OpenType Collection (OTC) file for two source fonts.
+// It makes many assumptions and is not meant for general use.
+// For file format details, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/otff
+// For a robust tool to generate these files, see https://pypi.org/project/afdko/
+func mergeFonts(ttf1, ttf2 []byte) []byte {
+	// Locations to place the two embedded fonts. All of the offsets to the fonts' internal tables will need to be
+	// shifted from the start of the file by the appropriate amount, and then everything will work as expected.
+	offset1 := uint32(20) // Length of OpenType collection headers
+	offset2 := offset1 + uint32(len(ttf1))
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, _ = buf.Write([]byte("ttcf\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02"))
+	_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, offset1)
+	_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, offset2)
+
+	// Inline function to copy a font into the collection verbatim, except for adding an offset to all of the font's
+	// table positions.
+	copyOffsetTTF := func(ttf []byte, offset uint32) {
+		_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[:12])
+		numTables := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(ttf[4:6])
+		for i := uint16(0); i < numTables; i++ {
+			p := 12 + 16*i
+			_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[p : p+8])
+			tblLoc := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ttf[p+8:p+12]) + offset
+			_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, tblLoc)
+			_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[p+12 : p+16])
+		}
+		_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[12+16*numTables:])
+	}
+	copyOffsetTTF(ttf1, offset1)
+	copyOffsetTTF(ttf2, offset2)
+
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// shapeRune uses a given Face to shape exactly one rune at a fixed size, then returns the resulting shape data.
+func shapeRune(f text.Face, r rune) (clip.PathSpec, error) {
+	ppem := fixed.I(200)
+	lines, err := f.Layout(ppem, 2000, english, strings.NewReader(string(r)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return clip.PathSpec{}, err
+	}
+	if len(lines) != 1 {
+		return clip.PathSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected rendering for \"U+%08X\": got %d lines (expected: 1)", r, len(lines))
+	}
+	return f.Shape(ppem, lines[0].Layout), nil
+}
+
+// areShapesEqual returns true iff both given text shapes are produced with identical operations.
+func areShapesEqual(shape1, shape2 clip.PathSpec) bool {
+	var ops1, ops2 op.Ops
+	clip.Outline{Path: shape1}.Op().Push(&ops1).Pop()
+	clip.Outline{Path: shape2}.Op().Push(&ops2).Pop()
+	var r1, r2 ops.Reader
+	r1.Reset(&ops1.Internal)
+	r2.Reset(&ops2.Internal)
+	for {
+		encOp1, ok1 := r1.Decode()
+		encOp2, ok2 := r2.Decode()
+		if ok1 != ok2 {
+			return false
+		}
+		if !ok1 {
+			break
+		}
+		if len(encOp1.Refs) > 0 || len(encOp2.Refs) > 0 {
+			panic("unexpected ops with refs in font shaping test")
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(encOp1.Data, encOp2.Data) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

gesture/gesture.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/fling"
 	"gioui.org/io/event"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/op"
@@ -38,24 +37,20 @@ type Hover struct {
 
 // Add the gesture to detect hovering over the current pointer area.
 func (h *Hover) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
-	event.Op(ops, h)
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   h,
+		Types: pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave,
+	}.Add(ops)
 }
 
-// Update state and report whether a pointer is inside the area.
+// Hovered returns whether a pointer is inside the area.
-func (h *Hover) Update(q input.Source) bool {
+func (h *Hover) Hovered(q event.Queue) bool {
-	for {
+	for _, ev := range q.Events(h) {
-		ev, ok := q.Event(pointer.Filter{
-			Target: h,
-			Kinds:  pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave | pointer.Cancel,
-		})
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
 		e, ok := ev.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Leave, pointer.Cancel:
 			if h.entered && h.pid == e.PointerID {
 				h.entered = false
@@ -92,11 +87,11 @@ type Click struct {
 }
 
 // ClickEvent represent a click action, either a
-// KindPress for the beginning of a click or a
+// TypePress for the beginning of a click or a
-// KindClick for a completed click.
+// TypeClick for a completed click.
 type ClickEvent struct {
-	Kind      ClickKind
+	Type      ClickType
-	Position  image.Point
+	Position  f32.Point
 	Source    pointer.Source
 	Modifiers key.Modifiers
 	// NumClicks records successive clicks occurring
@@ -104,7 +99,7 @@ type ClickEvent struct {
 	NumClicks int
 }
 
-type ClickKind uint8
+type ClickType uint8
 
 // Drag detects drag gestures in the form of pointer.Drag events.
 type Drag struct {
@@ -112,6 +107,7 @@ type Drag struct {
 	pressed  bool
 	pid      pointer.ID
 	start    f32.Point
+	grab     bool
 }
 
 // Scroll detects scroll gestures and reduces them to
@@ -119,9 +115,11 @@ type Drag struct {
 // movements as well as drag and fling touch gestures.
 type Scroll struct {
 	dragging  bool
+	axis      Axis
 	estimator fling.Extrapolation
 	flinger   fling.Animation
 	pid       pointer.ID
+	grab      bool
 	last      int
 	// Leftover scroll.
 	scroll float32
@@ -138,15 +136,15 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	// KindPress is reported for the first pointer
+	// TypePress is reported for the first pointer
 	// press.
-	KindPress ClickKind = iota
+	TypePress ClickType = iota
-	// KindClick is reported when a click action
+	// TypeClick is reported when a click action
 	// is complete.
-	KindClick
+	TypeClick
-	// KindCancel is reported when the gesture is
+	// TypeCancel is reported when the gesture is
 	// cancelled.
-	KindCancel
+	TypeCancel
 )
 
 const (
@@ -159,11 +157,14 @@ const (
 	StateFlinging
 )
 
-const touchSlop = unit.Dp(3)
+var touchSlop = unit.Dp(3)
 
 // Add the handler to the operation list to receive click events.
 func (c *Click) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
-	event.Op(ops, c)
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   c,
+		Types: pointer.Press | pointer.Release | pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave,
+	}.Add(ops)
 }
 
 // Hovered returns whether a pointer is inside the area.
@@ -176,36 +177,30 @@ func (c *Click) Pressed() bool {
 	return c.pressed
 }
 
-// Update state and return the next click events, if any.
+// Events returns the next click events, if any.
-func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
+func (c *Click) Events(q event.Queue) []ClickEvent {
-	for {
+	var events []ClickEvent
-		evt, ok := q.Event(pointer.Filter{
+	for _, evt := range q.Events(c) {
-			Target: c,
-			Kinds:  pointer.Press | pointer.Release | pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave | pointer.Cancel,
-		})
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
 		e, ok := evt.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Release:
 			if !c.pressed || c.pid != e.PointerID {
 				break
 			}
 			c.pressed = false
 			if !c.entered || c.hovered {
-				return ClickEvent{
+				if e.Time-c.clickedAt < doubleClickDuration {
-					Kind:      KindClick,
+					c.clicks++
-					Position:  e.Position.Round(),
+				} else {
-					Source:    e.Source,
+					c.clicks = 1
-					Modifiers: e.Modifiers,
+				}
-					NumClicks: c.clicks,
+				c.clickedAt = e.Time
-				}, true
+				events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypeClick, Position: e.Position, Source: e.Source, Modifiers: e.Modifiers, NumClicks: c.clicks})
 			} else {
-				return ClickEvent{Kind: KindCancel}, true
+				events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypeCancel})
 			}
 		case pointer.Cancel:
 			wasPressed := c.pressed
@@ -213,7 +208,7 @@ func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
 			c.hovered = false
 			c.entered = false
 			if wasPressed {
-				return ClickEvent{Kind: KindCancel}, true
+				events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypeCancel})
 			}
 		case pointer.Press:
 			if c.pressed {
@@ -229,13 +224,7 @@ func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
 				break
 			}
 			c.pressed = true
-			if e.Time-c.clickedAt < doubleClickDuration {
+			events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypePress, Position: e.Position, Source: e.Source, Modifiers: e.Modifiers})
-				c.clicks++
-			} else {
-				c.clicks = 1
-			}
-			c.clickedAt = e.Time
-			return ClickEvent{Kind: KindPress, Position: e.Position.Round(), Source: e.Source, Modifiers: e.Modifiers, NumClicks: c.clicks}, true
 		case pointer.Leave:
 			if !c.pressed {
 				c.pid = e.PointerID
@@ -253,16 +242,25 @@ func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return ClickEvent{}, false
+	return events
 }
 
 func (ClickEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
 
 // Add the handler to the operation list to receive scroll events.
 // The bounds variable refers to the scrolling boundaries
-// as defined in [pointer.Filter].
+// as defined in io/pointer.InputOp.
-func (s *Scroll) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
+func (s *Scroll) Add(ops *op.Ops, bounds image.Rectangle) {
-	event.Op(ops, s)
+	oph := pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:          s,
+		Grab:         s.grab,
+		Types:        pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release | pointer.Scroll,
+		ScrollBounds: bounds,
+	}
+	oph.Add(ops)
+	if s.flinger.Active() {
+		op.InvalidateOp{}.Add(ops)
+	}
 }
 
 // Stop any remaining fling movement.
@@ -270,24 +268,20 @@ func (s *Scroll) Stop() {
 	s.flinger = fling.Animation{}
 }
 
-// Update state and report the scroll distance along axis.
+// Scroll detects the scrolling distance from the available events and
-func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis, bounds image.Rectangle) int {
+// ongoing fling gestures.
-	total := 0
+func (s *Scroll) Scroll(cfg unit.Metric, q event.Queue, t time.Time, axis Axis) int {
-	f := pointer.Filter{
+	if s.axis != axis {
-		Target:       s,
+		s.axis = axis
-		Kinds:        pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release | pointer.Scroll | pointer.Cancel,
+		return 0
-		ScrollBounds: bounds,
 	}
-	for {
+	total := 0
-		evt, ok := q.Event(f)
+	for _, evt := range q.Events(s) {
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
 		e, ok := evt.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Press:
 			if s.dragging {
 				break
@@ -299,7 +293,7 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 			}
 			s.Stop()
 			s.estimator = fling.Extrapolation{}
-			v := s.val(axis, e.Position)
+			v := s.val(e.Position)
 			s.last = int(math.Round(float64(v)))
 			s.estimator.Sample(e.Time, v)
 			s.dragging = true
@@ -309,14 +303,15 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 				break
 			}
 			fling := s.estimator.Estimate()
-			if slop, d := float32(cfg.Dp(touchSlop)), fling.Distance; d < -slop || d > slop {
+			if slop, d := float32(cfg.Px(touchSlop)), fling.Distance; d < -slop || d > slop {
 				s.flinger.Start(cfg, t, fling.Velocity)
 			}
 			fallthrough
 		case pointer.Cancel:
 			s.dragging = false
+			s.grab = false
 		case pointer.Scroll:
-			switch axis {
+			switch s.axis {
 			case Horizontal:
 				s.scroll += e.Scroll.X
 			case Vertical:
@@ -329,14 +324,14 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 			if !s.dragging || s.pid != e.PointerID {
 				continue
 			}
-			val := s.val(axis, e.Position)
+			val := s.val(e.Position)
 			s.estimator.Sample(e.Time, val)
 			v := int(math.Round(float64(val)))
 			dist := s.last - v
 			if e.Priority < pointer.Grabbed {
-				slop := cfg.Dp(touchSlop)
+				slop := cfg.Px(touchSlop)
 				if dist := dist; dist >= slop || -slop >= dist {
-					q.Execute(pointer.GrabCmd{Tag: s, ID: e.PointerID})
+					s.grab = true
 				}
 			} else {
 				s.last = v
@@ -345,14 +340,11 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 		}
 	}
 	total += s.flinger.Tick(t)
-	if s.flinger.Active() {
-		q.Execute(op.InvalidateCmd{})
-	}
 	return total
 }
 
-func (s *Scroll) val(axis Axis, p f32.Point) float32 {
+func (s *Scroll) val(p f32.Point) float32 {
-	if axis == Horizontal {
+	if s.axis == Horizontal {
 		return p.X
 	} else {
 		return p.Y
@@ -373,25 +365,23 @@ func (s *Scroll) State() ScrollState {
 
 // Add the handler to the operation list to receive drag events.
 func (d *Drag) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
-	event.Op(ops, d)
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   d,
+		Grab:  d.grab,
+		Types: pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release,
+	}.Add(ops)
 }
 
-// Update state and return the next drag event, if any.
+// Events returns the next drag events, if any.
-func (d *Drag) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, axis Axis) (pointer.Event, bool) {
+func (d *Drag) Events(cfg unit.Metric, q event.Queue, axis Axis) []pointer.Event {
-	for {
+	var events []pointer.Event
-		ev, ok := q.Event(pointer.Filter{
+	for _, e := range q.Events(d) {
-			Target: d,
+		e, ok := e.(pointer.Event)
-			Kinds:  pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release | pointer.Cancel,
-		})
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-		e, ok := ev.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Press:
 			if !(e.Buttons == pointer.ButtonPrimary || e.Source == pointer.Touch) {
 				continue
@@ -417,9 +407,9 @@ func (d *Drag) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, axis Axis) (pointer.Event
 			}
 			if e.Priority < pointer.Grabbed {
 				diff := e.Position.Sub(d.start)
-				slop := cfg.Dp(touchSlop)
+				slop := cfg.Px(touchSlop)
 				if diff.X*diff.X+diff.Y*diff.Y > float32(slop*slop) {
-					q.Execute(pointer.GrabCmd{Tag: d, ID: e.PointerID})
+					d.grab = true
 				}
 			}
 		case pointer.Release, pointer.Cancel:
@@ -428,12 +418,13 @@ func (d *Drag) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, axis Axis) (pointer.Event
 				continue
 			}
 			d.dragging = false
+			d.grab = false
 		}
 
-		return e, true
+		events = append(events, e)
 	}
 
-	return pointer.Event{}, false
+	return events
 }
 
 // Dragging reports whether it is currently in use.
@@ -453,16 +444,16 @@ func (a Axis) String() string {
 	}
 }
 
-func (ct ClickKind) String() string {
+func (ct ClickType) String() string {
 	switch ct {
-	case KindPress:
+	case TypePress:
-		return "KindPress"
+		return "TypePress"
-	case KindClick:
+	case TypeClick:
-		return "KindClick"
+		return "TypeClick"
-	case KindCancel:
+	case TypeCancel:
-		return "KindCancel"
+		return "TypeCancel"
 	default:
-		panic("invalid ClickKind")
+		panic("invalid ClickType")
 	}
 }
 

gesture/gesture_test.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/io/event"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
+	"gioui.org/io/router"
 	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/op/clip"
 )
@@ -22,21 +22,20 @@ func TestHover(t *testing.T) {
 	stack := clip.Rect(rect).Push(ops)
 	h.Add(ops)
 	stack.Pop()
-	r := new(input.Router)
+	r := new(router.Router)
-	h.Update(r.Source())
 	r.Frame(ops)
 
 	r.Queue(
-		pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(30, 30)},
+		pointer.Event{Type: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(30, 30)},
 	)
-	if !h.Update(r.Source()) {
+	if !h.Hovered(r) {
 		t.Fatal("expected hovered")
 	}
 
 	r.Queue(
-		pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50)},
+		pointer.Event{Type: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50)},
 	)
-	if h.Update(r.Source()) {
+	if h.Hovered(r) {
 		t.Fatal("expected not hovered")
 	}
 }
@@ -72,21 +71,12 @@ func TestMouseClicks(t *testing.T) {
 			var ops op.Ops
 			click.Add(&ops)
 
-			var r input.Router
+			var r router.Router
-			click.Update(r.Source())
 			r.Frame(&ops)
 			r.Queue(tc.events...)
 
-			var clicks []ClickEvent
+			events := click.Events(&r)
-			for {
+			clicks := filterMouseClicks(events)
-				ev, ok := click.Update(r.Source())
-				if !ok {
-					break
-				}
-				if ev.Kind == KindClick {
-					clicks = append(clicks, ev)
-				}
-			}
 			if got, want := len(clicks), len(tc.clicks); got != want {
 				t.Fatalf("got %d mouse clicks, expected %d", got, want)
 			}
@@ -102,17 +92,26 @@ func TestMouseClicks(t *testing.T) {
 
 func mouseClickEvents(times ...time.Duration) []event.Event {
 	press := pointer.Event{
-		Kind:    pointer.Press,
+		Type:    pointer.Press,
 		Source:  pointer.Mouse,
 		Buttons: pointer.ButtonPrimary,
 	}
 	events := make([]event.Event, 0, 2*len(times))
 	for _, t := range times {
-		press := press
-		press.Time = t
 		release := press
-		release.Kind = pointer.Release
+		release.Type = pointer.Release
+		release.Time = t
 		events = append(events, press, release)
 	}
 	return events
 }
+
+func filterMouseClicks(events []ClickEvent) []ClickEvent {
+	var clicks []ClickEvent
+	for _, ev := range events {
+		if ev.Type == TypeClick {
+			clicks = append(clicks, ev)
+		}
+	}
+	return clicks
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 module gioui.org
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.17
 
 require (
-	eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20230308162249-dd43949cb42d
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20210722180016-6781d3edade3
-	gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2
+	golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20210628002857-a66eb6448b8d
-	gioui.org/shader v1.0.8
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c
-	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.0.0-20230803102845-24e03d8b5372
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20221012211006-4de253d81b95
-	golang.org/x/exp/shiny v0.0.0-20220827204233-334a2380cb91
-	golang.org/x/image v0.5.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220825204002-c680a09ffe64
 )
 
-require golang.org/x/text v0.7.0
+require (
+	eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3
+	gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2
+	gioui.org/shader v1.0.6
+	github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout v0.0.10
+	github.com/gioui/uax v0.2.1-0.20220325163150-e3d987515a12
+	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.0.0-20220112121102-58fe93c84506
+)
+
+require golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,43 +1,453 @@
-eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20230308162249-dd43949cb42d h1:ARo7NCVvN2NdhLlJE9xAbKweuI9L6UgfTbYb0YwPacY=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20230308162249-dd43949cb42d/go.mod h1:OYVuxibdk9OSLX8vAqydtRPP87PyTFcT9uH3MlEGBQA=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20201218220906-28db891af037/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
+eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3 h1:djFprmHZgrSepsHAIRMp5UJn3PzsoTg9drI+BDmif5Q=
+eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3/go.mod h1:OYVuxibdk9OSLX8vAqydtRPP87PyTFcT9uH3MlEGBQA=
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gpu/caches.go

@@ -5,21 +5,12 @@ package gpu
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
+	"gioui.org/f32"
 )
 
-type textureCacheKey struct {
+type resourceCache struct {
-	filter byte
+	res    map[interface{}]resource
-	handle any
+	newRes map[interface{}]resource
-}
-
-type textureCache struct {
-	res map[textureCacheKey]resourceCacheValue
-}
-
-type resourceCacheValue struct {
-	used     bool
-	resource resource
 }
 
 // opCache is like a resourceCache but using concrete types and a
@@ -42,50 +33,48 @@ type opCacheValue struct {
 	keep bool
 }
 
-func newTextureCache() *textureCache {
+func newResourceCache() *resourceCache {
-	return &textureCache{
+	return &resourceCache{
-		res: make(map[textureCacheKey]resourceCacheValue),
+		res:    make(map[interface{}]resource),
+		newRes: make(map[interface{}]resource),
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) get(key textureCacheKey) (resource, bool) {
+func (r *resourceCache) get(key interface{}) (resource, bool) {
 	v, exists := r.res[key]
-	if !exists {
+	if exists {
-		return nil, false
+		r.newRes[key] = v
 	}
-	if !v.used {
+	return v, exists
-		v.used = true
-		r.res[key] = v
-	}
-	return v.resource, exists
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) put(key textureCacheKey, val resource) {
+func (r *resourceCache) put(key interface{}, val resource) {
-	v, exists := r.res[key]
+	if _, exists := r.newRes[key]; exists {
-	if exists && v.used {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("key exists, %p", key))
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("key exists, %v", key))
 	}
-	v.used = true
+	r.res[key] = val
-	v.resource = val
+	r.newRes[key] = val
-	r.res[key] = v
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) frame() {
+func (r *resourceCache) frame() {
 	for k, v := range r.res {
-		if v.used {
+		if _, exists := r.newRes[k]; !exists {
-			v.used = false
-			r.res[k] = v
-		} else {
 			delete(r.res, k)
-			v.resource.release()
+			v.release()
 		}
 	}
+	for k, v := range r.newRes {
+		delete(r.newRes, k)
+		r.res[k] = v
+	}
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) release() {
+func (r *resourceCache) release() {
+	r.frame()
 	for _, v := range r.res {
-		v.resource.release()
+		v.release()
 	}
+	r.newRes = nil
 	r.res = nil
 }
 

gpu/clip.go

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 package gpu
 
 import (
-	"encoding/binary"
+	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"math"
-
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/stroke"
 )
 
@@ -12,48 +9,19 @@ type quadSplitter struct {
 	bounds  f32.Rectangle
 	contour uint32
 	d       *drawOps
-
-	// scratch space used by calls to stroke.SplitCubic
-	scratch []stroke.QuadSegment
 }
 
 func encodeQuadTo(data []byte, meta uint32, from, ctrl, to f32.Point) {
-	// inlined code:
+	// NW.
-	//   encodeVertex(data, meta, -1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
+	encodeVertex(data, meta, -1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
-	//   encodeVertex(data[vertStride:], meta, 1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
+	// NE.
-	//   encodeVertex(data[vertStride*2:], meta, -1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
+	encodeVertex(data[vertStride:], meta, 1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
-	//   encodeVertex(data[vertStride*3:], meta, 1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
+	// SW.
-	// this code needs to stay in sync with `vertex.encode`.
+	encodeVertex(data[vertStride*2:], meta, -1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
-
+	// SE.
-	bo := binary.LittleEndian
+	encodeVertex(data[vertStride*3:], meta, 1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
-	data = data[:vertStride*4]
-
-	// encode the main template
-	bo.PutUint32(data[4:8], meta)
-	bo.PutUint32(data[8:12], math.Float32bits(from.X))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[12:16], math.Float32bits(from.Y))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[16:20], math.Float32bits(ctrl.X))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[20:24], math.Float32bits(ctrl.Y))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[24:28], math.Float32bits(to.X))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[28:32], math.Float32bits(to.Y))
-
-	copy(data[vertStride*1:vertStride*2], data[vertStride*0:vertStride*1])
-	copy(data[vertStride*2:vertStride*3], data[vertStride*0:vertStride*1])
-	copy(data[vertStride*3:vertStride*4], data[vertStride*0:vertStride*1])
-
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*0:vertStride*0+4], math.Float32bits(nwCorner))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*1:vertStride*1+4], math.Float32bits(neCorner))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*2:vertStride*2+4], math.Float32bits(swCorner))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*3:vertStride*3+4], math.Float32bits(seCorner))
 }
 
-const (
-	nwCorner = 1*0.25 + 0*0.5
-	neCorner = 1*0.25 + 1*0.5
-	swCorner = 0*0.25 + 0*0.5
-	seCorner = 0*0.25 + 1*0.5
-)
-
 func encodeVertex(data []byte, meta uint32, cornerx, cornery int16, from, ctrl, to f32.Point) {
 	var corner float32
 	if cornerx == 1 {

gpu/clip_test.go

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-package gpu
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
-)
-
-func BenchmarkEncodeQuadTo(b *testing.B) {
-	var data [vertStride * 4]byte
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		v := float32(i)
-		encodeQuadTo(data[:], 123,
-			f32.Point{X: v, Y: v},
-			f32.Point{X: v, Y: v},
-			f32.Point{X: v, Y: v},
-		)
-	}
-}

gpu/compute.go

@@ -12,18 +12,18 @@ import (
 	"image/color"
 	"image/draw"
 	"image/png"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"math"
 	"math/bits"
-	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gioui.org/cpu"
+	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/gpu/internal/driver"
 	"gioui.org/internal/byteslice"
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
 	"gioui.org/internal/ops"
 	"gioui.org/internal/scene"
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ type compute struct {
 		}
 	}
 	timers struct {
+		profile string
 		t       *timers
 		compact *timer
 		render  *timer
@@ -175,6 +176,7 @@ type materialUniforms struct {
 
 type collector struct {
 	hasher     maphash.Hash
+	profile    bool
 	reader     ops.Reader
 	states     []f32.Affine2D
 	clear      bool
@@ -263,6 +265,7 @@ type clipState struct {
 	path      []byte
 	pathKey   ops.Key
 	intersect f32.Rectangle
+	push      bool
 
 	clipKey
 }
@@ -305,6 +308,11 @@ type encoder struct {
 	ntrans   int
 }
 
+type encodeState struct {
+	trans f32.Affine2D
+	clip  f32.Rectangle
+}
+
 // sizedBuffer holds a GPU buffer, or its equivalent CPU memory.
 type sizedBuffer struct {
 	size   int
@@ -402,6 +410,12 @@ func newCompute(ctx driver.Device) (*compute, error) {
 		conf:          new(config),
 		memHeader:     new(memoryHeader),
 	}
+	null, err := ctx.NewTexture(driver.TextureFormatRGBA8, 1, 1, driver.FilterNearest, driver.FilterNearest, driver.BufferBindingShaderStorageRead)
+	if err != nil {
+		g.Release()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	g.output.nullMaterials = null
 	shaders := []struct {
 		prog *computeProgram
 		src  shader.Sources
@@ -423,13 +437,6 @@ func newCompute(ctx driver.Device) (*compute, error) {
 	}
 	if g.useCPU {
 		g.dispatcher = newDispatcher(runtime.NumCPU())
-	} else {
-		null, err := ctx.NewTexture(driver.TextureFormatRGBA8, 1, 1, driver.FilterNearest, driver.FilterNearest, driver.BufferBindingShaderStorageRead)
-		if err != nil {
-			g.Release()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		g.output.nullMaterials = null
 	}
 
 	copyVert, copyFrag, err := newShaders(ctx, gio.Shader_copy_vert, gio.Shader_copy_frag)
@@ -595,7 +602,7 @@ func (g *compute) frame(target RenderTarget) error {
 	defer g.ctx.EndFrame()
 
 	t := &g.timers
-	if false && t.t == nil && g.ctx.Caps().Features.Has(driver.FeatureTimers) {
+	if g.collector.profile && t.t == nil && g.ctx.Caps().Features.Has(driver.FeatureTimers) {
 		t.t = newTimers(g.ctx)
 		t.compact = t.t.newTimer()
 		t.render = t.t.newTimer()
@@ -629,13 +636,13 @@ func (g *compute) frame(target RenderTarget) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	t.compact.end()
-	if false && t.t.ready() {
+	if g.collector.profile && t.t.ready() {
 		com, ren, blit := t.compact.Elapsed, t.render.Elapsed, t.blit.Elapsed
 		ft := com + ren + blit
 		q := 100 * time.Microsecond
 		ft = ft.Round(q)
 		com, ren, blit = com.Round(q), ren.Round(q), blit.Round(q)
-		// t.profile = fmt.Sprintf("ft:%7s com: %7s ren:%7s blit:%7s", ft, com, ren, blit)
+		t.profile = fmt.Sprintf("ft:%7s com: %7s ren:%7s blit:%7s", ft, com, ren, blit)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -653,12 +660,16 @@ func (g *compute) dumpAtlases() {
 		if err := png.Encode(&buf, nrgba); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
-		if err := os.WriteFile(fmt.Sprintf("dump-%d.png", i), buf.Bytes(), 0600); err != nil {
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(fmt.Sprintf("dump-%d.png", i), buf.Bytes(), 0600); err != nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+func (g *compute) Profile() string {
+	return g.timers.profile
+}
+
 func (g *compute) compactAllocs() error {
 	const (
 		maxAllocAge = 3
@@ -844,7 +855,7 @@ func (g *compute) blitLayers(d driver.LoadDesc, fbo driver.Texture, viewport ima
 	for _, l := range layers {
 		placef := layout.FPt(l.alloc.rect.Min)
 		sizef := layout.FPt(l.rect.Size())
-		r := f32.FRect(l.rect)
+		r := layout.FRect(l.rect)
 		quad := [4]layerVertex{
 			{posX: float32(r.Min.X), posY: float32(r.Min.Y), u: placef.X, v: placef.Y},
 			{posX: float32(r.Max.X), posY: float32(r.Min.Y), u: placef.X + sizef.X, v: placef.Y},
@@ -1601,6 +1612,13 @@ func (e *encoder) numElements() int {
 	return len(e.scene)
 }
 
+func (e *encoder) append(e2 encoder) {
+	e.scene = append(e.scene, e2.scene...)
+	e.npath += e2.npath
+	e.npathseg += e2.npathseg
+	e.ntrans += e2.ntrans
+}
+
 func (e *encoder) transform(m f32.Affine2D) {
 	e.scene = append(e.scene, scene.Transform(m))
 	e.ntrans++
@@ -1648,8 +1666,14 @@ func (e *encoder) line(start, end f32.Point) {
 	e.npathseg++
 }
 
+func (e *encoder) quad(start, ctrl, end f32.Point) {
+	e.scene = append(e.scene, scene.Quad(start, ctrl, end))
+	e.npathseg++
+}
+
 func (c *collector) reset() {
 	c.prevFrame, c.frame = c.frame, c.prevFrame
+	c.profile = false
 	c.clipStates = c.clipStates[:0]
 	c.transStack = c.transStack[:0]
 	c.frame.reset()
@@ -1729,6 +1753,8 @@ func (c *collector) collect(root *op.Ops, viewport image.Point, texOps *[]textur
 	c.addClip(&state, fview, fview, nil, ops.Key{}, 0, 0, false)
 	for encOp, ok := r.Decode(); ok; encOp, ok = r.Decode() {
 		switch ops.OpType(encOp.Data[0]) {
+		case ops.TypeProfile:
+			c.profile = true
 		case ops.TypeTransform:
 			dop, push := ops.DecodeTransform(encOp.Data)
 			if push {
@@ -1756,7 +1782,7 @@ func (c *collector) collect(root *op.Ops, viewport image.Point, texOps *[]textur
 		case ops.TypeClip:
 			var op ops.ClipOp
 			op.Decode(encOp.Data)
-			bounds := f32.FRect(op.Bounds)
+			bounds := layout.FRect(op.Bounds)
 			c.addClip(&state, fview, bounds, pathData.data, pathData.key, pathData.hash, strWidth, true)
 			pathData.data = nil
 			strWidth = 0

gpu/gpu.go

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/gpu/internal/driver"
 	"gioui.org/internal/byteslice"
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
 	"gioui.org/internal/ops"
 	"gioui.org/internal/scene"
@@ -44,10 +44,14 @@ type GPU interface {
 	Clear(color color.NRGBA)
 	// Frame draws the graphics operations from op into a viewport of target.
 	Frame(frame *op.Ops, target RenderTarget, viewport image.Point) error
+	// Profile returns the last available profiling information. Profiling
+	// information is requested when Frame sees an io/profile.Op, and the result
+	// is available through Profile at some later time.
+	Profile() string
 }
 
 type gpu struct {
-	cache *textureCache
+	cache *resourceCache
 
 	profile                                string
 	timers                                 *timers
@@ -64,39 +68,22 @@ type renderer struct {
 	pather        *pather
 	packer        packer
 	intersections packer
-	layers        packer
-	layerFBOs     fboSet
 }
 
 type drawOps struct {
-	reader       ops.Reader
+	profile     bool
-	states       []f32.Affine2D
+	reader      ops.Reader
-	transStack   []f32.Affine2D
+	states      []f32.Affine2D
-	layers       []opacityLayer
+	transStack  []f32.Affine2D
-	opacityStack []int
+	vertCache   []byte
-	vertCache    []byte
+	viewport    image.Point
-	viewport     image.Point
+	clear       bool
-	clear        bool
+	clearColor  f32color.RGBA
-	clearColor   f32color.RGBA
+	imageOps    []imageOp
-	imageOps     []imageOp
+	pathOps     []*pathOp
-	pathOps      []*pathOp
+	pathOpCache []pathOp
-	pathOpCache  []pathOp
+	qs          quadSplitter
-	qs           quadSplitter
+	pathCache   *opCache
-	pathCache    *opCache
-}
-
-type opacityLayer struct {
-	opacity float32
-	parent  int
-	// depth of the opacity stack. Layers of equal depth are
-	// independent and may be packed into one atlas.
-	depth int
-	// opStart and opEnd denote the range of drawOps.imageOps
-	// that belong to the layer.
-	opStart, opEnd int
-	// clip of the layer operations.
-	clip  image.Rectangle
-	place placement
 }
 
 type drawState struct {
@@ -140,12 +127,7 @@ type imageOp struct {
 	clip     image.Rectangle
 	material material
 	clipType clipType
-	// place is either a placement in the path fbos or intersection fbos,
+	place    placement
-	// depending on clipType.
-	place placement
-	// layerOps is the number of operations this
-	// operation replaces.
-	layerOps int
 }
 
 func decodeStrokeOp(data []byte) float32 {
@@ -172,25 +154,17 @@ type material struct {
 	// For materialTypeColor.
 	color f32color.RGBA
 	// For materialTypeLinearGradient.
-	color1  f32color.RGBA
+	color1 f32color.RGBA
-	color2  f32color.RGBA
+	color2 f32color.RGBA
-	opacity float32
 	// For materialTypeTexture.
 	data    imageOpData
-	tex     driver.Texture
 	uvTrans f32.Affine2D
 }
 
-const (
-	filterLinear  = 0
-	filterNearest = 1
-)
-
 // imageOpData is the shadow of paint.ImageOp.
 type imageOpData struct {
 	src    *image.RGBA
 	handle interface{}
-	filter byte
 }
 
 type linearGradientOpData struct {
@@ -208,12 +182,10 @@ func decodeImageOp(data []byte, refs []interface{}) imageOpData {
 	return imageOpData{
 		src:    refs[0].(*image.RGBA),
 		handle: handle,
-		filter: data[1],
 	}
 }
 
 func decodeColorOp(data []byte) color.NRGBA {
-	data = data[:ops.TypeColorLen]
 	return color.NRGBA{
 		R: data[1],
 		G: data[2],
@@ -223,7 +195,6 @@ func decodeColorOp(data []byte) color.NRGBA {
 }
 
 func decodeLinearGradientOp(data []byte) linearGradientOpData {
-	data = data[:ops.TypeLinearGradientLen]
 	bo := binary.LittleEndian
 	return linearGradientOpData{
 		stop1: f32.Point{
@@ -249,6 +220,8 @@ func decodeLinearGradientOp(data []byte) linearGradientOpData {
 	}
 }
 
+type clipType uint8
+
 type resource interface {
 	release()
 }
@@ -298,9 +271,6 @@ type blitUniforms struct {
 	transform     [4]float32
 	uvTransformR1 [4]float32
 	uvTransformR2 [4]float32
-	opacity       float32
-	fbo           float32
-	_             [2]float32
 }
 
 type colorUniforms struct {
@@ -312,7 +282,7 @@ type gradientUniforms struct {
 	color2 f32color.RGBA
 }
 
-type clipType uint8
+type materialType uint8
 
 const (
 	clipTypeNone clipType = iota
@@ -320,8 +290,6 @@ const (
 	clipTypeIntersection
 )
 
-type materialType uint8
-
 const (
 	materialColor materialType = iota
 	materialLinearGradient
@@ -354,7 +322,7 @@ func NewWithDevice(d driver.Device) (GPU, error) {
 
 func newGPU(ctx driver.Device) (*gpu, error) {
 	g := &gpu{
-		cache: newTextureCache(),
+		cache: newResourceCache(),
 	}
 	g.drawOps.pathCache = newOpCache()
 	if err := g.init(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -394,7 +362,7 @@ func (g *gpu) collect(viewport image.Point, frameOps *op.Ops) {
 	g.renderer.pather.viewport = viewport
 	g.drawOps.reset(viewport)
 	g.drawOps.collect(frameOps, viewport)
-	if false && g.timers == nil && g.ctx.Caps().Features.Has(driver.FeatureTimers) {
+	if g.drawOps.profile && g.timers == nil && g.ctx.Caps().Features.Has(driver.FeatureTimers) {
 		g.frameStart = time.Now()
 		g.timers = newTimers(g.ctx)
 		g.stencilTimer = g.timers.newTimer()
@@ -420,9 +388,7 @@ func (g *gpu) frame(target RenderTarget) error {
 	g.stencilTimer.end()
 	g.coverTimer.begin()
 	g.renderer.uploadImages(g.cache, g.drawOps.imageOps)
-	g.renderer.prepareDrawOps(g.drawOps.imageOps)
+	g.renderer.prepareDrawOps(g.cache, g.drawOps.imageOps)
-	g.drawOps.layers = g.renderer.packLayers(g.drawOps.layers)
-	g.renderer.drawLayers(g.drawOps.layers, g.drawOps.imageOps)
 	d := driver.LoadDesc{
 		ClearColor: g.drawOps.clearColor,
 	}
@@ -432,14 +398,14 @@ func (g *gpu) frame(target RenderTarget) error {
 	}
 	g.ctx.BeginRenderPass(defFBO, d)
 	g.ctx.Viewport(0, 0, viewport.X, viewport.Y)
-	g.renderer.drawOps(false, image.Point{}, g.renderer.blitter.viewport, g.drawOps.imageOps)
+	g.renderer.drawOps(g.cache, g.drawOps.imageOps)
 	g.coverTimer.end()
 	g.ctx.EndRenderPass()
 	g.cleanupTimer.begin()
 	g.cache.frame()
 	g.drawOps.pathCache.frame()
 	g.cleanupTimer.end()
-	if false && g.timers.ready() {
+	if g.drawOps.profile && g.timers.ready() {
 		st, covt, cleant := g.stencilTimer.Elapsed, g.coverTimer.Elapsed, g.cleanupTimer.Elapsed
 		ft := st + covt + cleant
 		q := 100 * time.Microsecond
@@ -455,38 +421,20 @@ func (g *gpu) Profile() string {
 	return g.profile
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) texHandle(cache *textureCache, data imageOpData) driver.Texture {
+func (r *renderer) texHandle(cache *resourceCache, data imageOpData) driver.Texture {
-	key := textureCacheKey{
-		filter: data.filter,
-		handle: data.handle,
-	}
-
 	var tex *texture
-	t, exists := cache.get(key)
+	t, exists := cache.get(data.handle)
 	if !exists {
 		t = &texture{
 			src: data.src,
 		}
-		cache.put(key, t)
+		cache.put(data.handle, t)
 	}
 	tex = t.(*texture)
 	if tex.tex != nil {
 		return tex.tex
 	}
-
+	handle, err := r.ctx.NewTexture(driver.TextureFormatSRGBA, data.src.Bounds().Dx(), data.src.Bounds().Dy(), driver.FilterLinear, driver.FilterLinear, driver.BufferBindingTexture)
-	var minFilter, magFilter driver.TextureFilter
-	switch data.filter {
-	case filterLinear:
-		minFilter, magFilter = driver.FilterLinearMipmapLinear, driver.FilterLinear
-	case filterNearest:
-		minFilter, magFilter = driver.FilterNearest, driver.FilterNearest
-	}
-
-	handle, err := r.ctx.NewTexture(driver.TextureFormatSRGBA,
-		data.src.Bounds().Dx(), data.src.Bounds().Dy(),
-		minFilter, magFilter,
-		driver.BufferBindingTexture,
-	)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -514,18 +462,15 @@ func newRenderer(ctx driver.Device) *renderer {
 	if cap := 8192; maxDim > cap {
 		maxDim = cap
 	}
-	d := image.Pt(maxDim, maxDim)
 
-	r.packer.maxDims = d
+	r.packer.maxDims = image.Pt(maxDim, maxDim)
-	r.intersections.maxDims = d
+	r.intersections.maxDims = image.Pt(maxDim, maxDim)
-	r.layers.maxDims = d
 	return r
 }
 
 func (r *renderer) release() {
 	r.pather.release()
 	r.blitter.release()
-	r.layerFBOs.delete(r.ctx, 0)
 }
 
 func newBlitter(ctx driver.Device) *blitter {
@@ -750,8 +695,8 @@ func (r *renderer) intersectPath(p *pathOp, clip image.Rectangle) {
 	}
 	fbo := r.pather.stenciler.cover(p.place.Idx)
 	r.ctx.BindTexture(0, fbo.tex)
-	coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(f32.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
+	coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(layout.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
-	subScale, subOff := texSpaceTransform(f32.FRect(sub), p.clip.Size())
+	subScale, subOff := texSpaceTransform(layout.FRect(sub), p.clip.Size())
 	r.pather.stenciler.ipipeline.uniforms.vert.uvTransform = [4]float32{coverScale.X, coverScale.Y, coverOff.X, coverOff.Y}
 	r.pather.stenciler.ipipeline.uniforms.vert.subUVTransform = [4]float32{subScale.X, subScale.Y, subOff.X, subOff.Y}
 	r.pather.stenciler.ipipeline.pipeline.UploadUniforms(r.ctx)
@@ -800,7 +745,8 @@ func (r *renderer) packStencils(pops *[]*pathOp) {
 			ops = ops[:len(ops)-1]
 			continue
 		}
-		place, ok := r.packer.add(p.clip.Size())
+		sz := image.Point{X: p.clip.Dx(), Y: p.clip.Dy()}
+		place, ok := r.packer.add(sz)
 		if !ok {
 			// The clip area is at most the entire screen. Hopefully no
 			// screen is larger than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
@@ -812,92 +758,14 @@ func (r *renderer) packStencils(pops *[]*pathOp) {
 	*pops = ops
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) packLayers(layers []opacityLayer) []opacityLayer {
-	// Make every layer bounds contain nested layers; cull empty layers.
-	for i := len(layers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		l := layers[i]
-		if l.parent != -1 {
-			b := layers[l.parent].clip
-			layers[l.parent].clip = b.Union(l.clip)
-		}
-		if l.clip.Empty() {
-			layers = append(layers[:i], layers[i+1:]...)
-		}
-	}
-	// Pack layers.
-	r.layers.clear()
-	depth := 0
-	for i := range layers {
-		l := &layers[i]
-		// Only layers of the same depth may be packed together.
-		if l.depth != depth {
-			r.layers.newPage()
-		}
-		place, ok := r.layers.add(l.clip.Size())
-		if !ok {
-			// The layer area is at most the entire screen. Hopefully no
-			// screen is larger than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
-			panic(fmt.Errorf("layer size %v is larger than maximum texture size %v", l.clip.Size(), r.layers.maxDims))
-		}
-		l.place = place
-	}
-	return layers
-}
-
-func (r *renderer) drawLayers(layers []opacityLayer, ops []imageOp) {
-	if len(r.layers.sizes) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	fbo := -1
-	r.layerFBOs.resize(r.ctx, driver.TextureFormatSRGBA, r.layers.sizes)
-	for i := len(layers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		l := layers[i]
-		if fbo != l.place.Idx {
-			if fbo != -1 {
-				r.ctx.EndRenderPass()
-				r.ctx.PrepareTexture(r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo].tex)
-			}
-			fbo = l.place.Idx
-			f := r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo]
-			r.ctx.BeginRenderPass(f.tex, driver.LoadDesc{Action: driver.LoadActionClear})
-		}
-		v := image.Rectangle{
-			Min: l.place.Pos,
-			Max: l.place.Pos.Add(l.clip.Size()),
-		}
-		r.ctx.Viewport(v.Min.X, v.Min.Y, v.Max.X, v.Max.Y)
-		f := r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo]
-		r.drawOps(true, l.clip.Min.Mul(-1), l.clip.Size(), ops[l.opStart:l.opEnd])
-		sr := f32.FRect(v)
-		uvScale, uvOffset := texSpaceTransform(sr, f.size)
-		uvTrans := f32.Affine2D{}.Scale(f32.Point{}, uvScale).Offset(uvOffset)
-		// Replace layer ops with one textured op.
-		ops[l.opStart] = imageOp{
-			clip: l.clip,
-			material: material{
-				material: materialTexture,
-				tex:      f.tex,
-				uvTrans:  uvTrans,
-				opacity:  l.opacity,
-			},
-			layerOps: l.opEnd - l.opStart - 1,
-		}
-	}
-	if fbo != -1 {
-		r.ctx.EndRenderPass()
-		r.ctx.PrepareTexture(r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo].tex)
-	}
-}
-
 func (d *drawOps) reset(viewport image.Point) {
+	d.profile = false
 	d.viewport = viewport
 	d.imageOps = d.imageOps[:0]
 	d.pathOps = d.pathOps[:0]
 	d.pathOpCache = d.pathOpCache[:0]
 	d.vertCache = d.vertCache[:0]
 	d.transStack = d.transStack[:0]
-	d.layers = d.layers[:0]
-	d.opacityStack = d.opacityStack[:0]
 }
 
 func (d *drawOps) collect(root *op.Ops, viewport image.Point) {
@@ -953,6 +821,15 @@ func (d *drawOps) addClipPath(state *drawState, aux []byte, auxKey opKey, bounds
 	state.cpath = npath
 }
 
+// split a transform into two parts, one which is pure offset and the
+// other representing the scaling, shearing and rotation part
+func splitTransform(t f32.Affine2D) (srs f32.Affine2D, offset f32.Point) {
+	sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy := t.Elems()
+	offset = f32.Point{X: ox, Y: oy}
+	srs = f32.NewAffine2D(sx, hx, 0, hy, sy, 0)
+	return
+}
+
 func (d *drawOps) save(id int, state f32.Affine2D) {
 	if extra := id - len(d.states) + 1; extra > 0 {
 		d.states = append(d.states, make([]f32.Affine2D, extra)...)
@@ -983,6 +860,8 @@ func (d *drawOps) collectOps(r *ops.Reader, viewport f32.Rectangle) {
 loop:
 	for encOp, ok := r.Decode(); ok; encOp, ok = r.Decode() {
 		switch ops.OpType(encOp.Data[0]) {
+		case ops.TypeProfile:
+			d.profile = true
 		case ops.TypeTransform:
 			dop, push := ops.DecodeTransform(encOp.Data)
 			if push {
@@ -994,27 +873,6 @@ loop:
 			state.t = d.transStack[n-1]
 			d.transStack = d.transStack[:n-1]
 
-		case ops.TypePushOpacity:
-			opacity := ops.DecodeOpacity(encOp.Data)
-			parent := -1
-			depth := len(d.opacityStack)
-			if depth > 0 {
-				parent = d.opacityStack[depth-1]
-			}
-			lidx := len(d.layers)
-			d.layers = append(d.layers, opacityLayer{
-				opacity: opacity,
-				parent:  parent,
-				depth:   depth,
-				opStart: len(d.imageOps),
-			})
-			d.opacityStack = append(d.opacityStack, lidx)
-		case ops.TypePopOpacity:
-			n := len(d.opacityStack)
-			idx := d.opacityStack[n-1]
-			d.layers[idx].opEnd = len(d.imageOps)
-			d.opacityStack = d.opacityStack[:n-1]
-
 		case ops.TypeStroke:
 			quads.key.strokeWidth = decodeStrokeOp(encOp.Data)
 
@@ -1030,8 +888,8 @@ loop:
 			var op ops.ClipOp
 			op.Decode(encOp.Data)
 			quads.key.outline = op.Outline
-			bounds := f32.FRect(op.Bounds)
+			bounds := layout.FRect(op.Bounds)
-			trans, off := state.t.Split()
+			trans, off := splitTransform(state.t)
 			if len(quads.aux) > 0 {
 				// There is a clipping path, build the gpu data and update the
 				// cache key such that it will be equal only if the transform is the
@@ -1077,7 +935,7 @@ loop:
 			// Transform (if needed) the painting rectangle and if so generate a clip path,
 			// for those cases also compute a partialTrans that maps texture coordinates between
 			// the new bounding rectangle and the transformed original paint rectangle.
-			t, off := state.t.Split()
+			t, off := splitTransform(state.t)
 			// Fill the clip area, unless the material is a (bounded) image.
 			// TODO: Find a tighter bound.
 			inf := float32(1e6)
@@ -1107,7 +965,7 @@ loop:
 			mat := state.materialFor(bnd, off, partialTrans, bounds)
 
 			rect := state.cpath == nil || state.cpath.rect
-			if bounds.Min == (image.Point{}) && bounds.Max == d.viewport && rect && mat.opaque && (mat.material == materialColor) && len(d.opacityStack) == 0 {
+			if bounds.Min == (image.Point{}) && bounds.Max == d.viewport && rect && mat.opaque && (mat.material == materialColor) {
 				// The image is a uniform opaque color and takes up the whole screen.
 				// Scrap images up to and including this image and set clear color.
 				d.imageOps = d.imageOps[:0]
@@ -1120,15 +978,6 @@ loop:
 				clip:     bounds,
 				material: mat,
 			}
-			if n := len(d.opacityStack); n > 0 {
-				idx := d.opacityStack[n-1]
-				lb := d.layers[idx].clip
-				if lb.Empty() {
-					d.layers[idx].clip = img.clip
-				} else {
-					d.layers[idx].clip = lb.Union(img.clip)
-				}
-			}
 
 			d.imageOps = append(d.imageOps, img)
 			if clipData != nil {
@@ -1158,9 +1007,7 @@ func expandPathOp(p *pathOp, clip image.Rectangle) {
 }
 
 func (d *drawState) materialFor(rect f32.Rectangle, off f32.Point, partTrans f32.Affine2D, clip image.Rectangle) material {
-	m := material{
+	var m material
-		opacity: 1.,
-	}
 	switch d.matType {
 	case materialColor:
 		m.material = materialColor
@@ -1199,25 +1046,24 @@ func (d *drawState) materialFor(rect f32.Rectangle, off f32.Point, partTrans f32
 	return m
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) uploadImages(cache *textureCache, ops []imageOp) {
+func (r *renderer) uploadImages(cache *resourceCache, ops []imageOp) {
-	for i := range ops {
+	for _, img := range ops {
-		img := &ops[i]
 		m := img.material
 		if m.material == materialTexture {
-			img.material.tex = r.texHandle(cache, m.data)
+			r.texHandle(cache, m.data)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) prepareDrawOps(ops []imageOp) {
+func (r *renderer) prepareDrawOps(cache *resourceCache, ops []imageOp) {
 	for _, img := range ops {
 		m := img.material
 		switch m.material {
 		case materialTexture:
-			r.ctx.PrepareTexture(m.tex)
+			r.ctx.PrepareTexture(r.texHandle(cache, m.data))
 		}
 
-		var fbo FBO
+		var fbo stencilFBO
 		switch img.clipType {
 		case clipTypeNone:
 			continue
@@ -1230,26 +1076,24 @@ func (r *renderer) prepareDrawOps(ops []imageOp) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) drawOps(isFBO bool, opOff image.Point, viewport image.Point, ops []imageOp) {
+func (r *renderer) drawOps(cache *resourceCache, ops []imageOp) {
 	var coverTex driver.Texture
-	for i := 0; i < len(ops); i++ {
+	for _, img := range ops {
-		img := ops[i]
-		i += img.layerOps
 		m := img.material
 		switch m.material {
 		case materialTexture:
-			r.ctx.BindTexture(0, m.tex)
+			r.ctx.BindTexture(0, r.texHandle(cache, m.data))
 		}
-		drc := img.clip.Add(opOff)
+		drc := img.clip
 
-		scale, off := clipSpaceTransform(drc, viewport)
+		scale, off := clipSpaceTransform(drc, r.blitter.viewport)
-		var fbo FBO
+		var fbo stencilFBO
 		switch img.clipType {
 		case clipTypeNone:
 			p := r.blitter.pipelines[m.material]
 			r.ctx.BindPipeline(p.pipeline)
 			r.ctx.BindVertexBuffer(r.blitter.quadVerts, 0)
-			r.blitter.blit(m.material, isFBO, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.opacity, m.uvTrans)
+			r.blitter.blit(m.material, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.uvTrans)
 			continue
 		case clipTypePath:
 			fbo = r.pather.stenciler.cover(img.place.Idx)
@@ -1264,15 +1108,15 @@ func (r *renderer) drawOps(isFBO bool, opOff image.Point, viewport image.Point,
 			Min: img.place.Pos,
 			Max: img.place.Pos.Add(drc.Size()),
 		}
-		coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(f32.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
+		coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(layout.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
 		p := r.pather.coverer.pipelines[m.material]
 		r.ctx.BindPipeline(p.pipeline)
 		r.ctx.BindVertexBuffer(r.blitter.quadVerts, 0)
-		r.pather.cover(m.material, isFBO, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.uvTrans, coverScale, coverOff)
+		r.pather.cover(m.material, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.uvTrans, coverScale, coverOff)
 	}
 }
 
-func (b *blitter) blit(mat materialType, fbo bool, col f32color.RGBA, col1, col2 f32color.RGBA, scale, off f32.Point, opacity float32, uvTrans f32.Affine2D) {
+func (b *blitter) blit(mat materialType, col f32color.RGBA, col1, col2 f32color.RGBA, scale, off f32.Point, uvTrans f32.Affine2D) {
 	p := b.pipelines[mat]
 	b.ctx.BindPipeline(p.pipeline)
 	var uniforms *blitUniforms
@@ -1282,23 +1126,18 @@ func (b *blitter) blit(mat materialType, fbo bool, col f32color.RGBA, col1, col2
 		uniforms = &b.colUniforms.blitUniforms
 	case materialTexture:
 		t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 := uvTrans.Elems()
+		b.texUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
+		b.texUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 		uniforms = &b.texUniforms.blitUniforms
-		uniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
-		uniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 	case materialLinearGradient:
 		b.linearGradientUniforms.color1 = col1
 		b.linearGradientUniforms.color2 = col2
 
 		t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 := uvTrans.Elems()
+		b.linearGradientUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
+		b.linearGradientUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 		uniforms = &b.linearGradientUniforms.blitUniforms
-		uniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
-		uniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 	}
-	uniforms.fbo = 0
-	if fbo {
-		uniforms.fbo = 1
-	}
-	uniforms.opacity = opacity
 	uniforms.transform = [4]float32{scale.X, scale.Y, off.X, off.Y}
 	p.UploadUniforms(b.ctx)
 	b.ctx.DrawArrays(0, 4)
@@ -1495,9 +1334,7 @@ func decodeToOutlineQuads(qs *quadSplitter, tr f32.Affine2D, pathData []byte) {
 			q = q.Transform(tr)
 			qs.splitAndEncode(q)
 		case scene.OpCubic:
-			from, ctrl0, ctrl1, to := scene.DecodeCubic(cmd)
+			for _, q := range stroke.SplitCubic(scene.DecodeCubic(cmd)) {
-			qs.scratch = stroke.SplitCubic(from, ctrl0, ctrl1, to, qs.scratch[:0])
-			for _, q := range qs.scratch {
 				q = q.Transform(tr)
 				qs.splitAndEncode(q)
 			}

gpu/headless/driver_test.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
 	"image/png"
-	"os"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func TestFramebuffers(t *testing.T) {
 	sz := image.Point{X: 800, Y: 600}
 	var (
 		col1 = color.NRGBA{R: 0xac, G: 0xbd, B: 0xef, A: 0xde}
-		col2 = color.NRGBA{R: 0xfe, G: 0xbb, B: 0xbe, A: 0xca}
+		col2 = color.NRGBA{R: 0xfe, G: 0xba, B: 0xbe, A: 0xca}
 	)
 	fbo1 := newFBO(t, b, sz)
 	fbo2 := newFBO(t, b, sz)
@@ -202,5 +202,5 @@ func saveImage(file string, img image.Image) error {
 	if err := png.Encode(&buf, img); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return os.WriteFile(file, buf.Bytes(), 0666)
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(file, buf.Bytes(), 0666)
 }

gpu/headless/headless.go

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func NewWindow(width, height int) (*Window, error) {
 		)
 		if err != nil {
 			dev.Release()
-			return err
+			return nil
 		}
 		// Note that the gpu takes ownership of dev.
 		gp, err := gpu.NewWithDevice(dev)

gpu/headless/headless_darwin.go

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 /*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fobjc-arc -x objective-c
+#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fmodules -fobjc-arc -x objective-c
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework CoreGraphics -framework Metal -framework Foundation
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework CoreGraphics
 
-#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+@import Metal;
 
 static CFTypeRef createDevice(void) {
 	@autoreleasepool {

gpu/headless/headless_egl.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func init() {
-	newContextPrimary = func() (context, error) {
+	newContextFallback = func() (context, error) {
 		return egl.NewContext(egl.EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY)
 	}
 }

gpu/headless/headless_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"image/color"
 	"testing"
 
+	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
 	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/op/clip"
@@ -49,14 +50,20 @@ func TestClipping(t *testing.T) {
 	var ops op.Ops
 	paint.ColorOp{Color: col}.Add(&ops)
 	clip.RRect{
-		Rect: image.Rect(50, 50, 250, 250),
+		Rect: f32.Rectangle{
-		SE:   75,
+			Min: f32.Point{X: 50, Y: 50},
+			Max: f32.Point{X: 250, Y: 250},
+		},
+		SE: 75,
 	}.Push(&ops)
 	paint.PaintOp{}.Add(&ops)
 	paint.ColorOp{Color: col2}.Add(&ops)
 	clip.RRect{
-		Rect: image.Rect(100, 100, 350, 350),
+		Rect: f32.Rectangle{
-		NW:   75,
+			Min: f32.Point{X: 100, Y: 100},
+			Max: f32.Point{X: 350, Y: 350},
+		},
+		NW: 75,
 	}.Push(&ops)
 	paint.PaintOp{}.Add(&ops)
 	if err := w.Frame(&ops); err != nil {

gpu/headless/headless_vulkan.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ type vkContext struct {
 }
 
 func init() {
-	newContextFallback = newVulkanContext
+	newContextPrimary = newVulkanContext
 }
 
 func newVulkanContext() (context, error) {