wip

Signed-off-by: Elias Naur <mail@eliasnaur.com>

.builds/apple.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-image: debian/stable
+image: debian/testing
 packages:
  - clang
  - cmake
@@ -8,28 +8,23 @@ packages:
  - libxml2-dev
  - libssl-dev
  - libz-dev
- - llvm-dev # cctools
- - uuid-dev # cctools
- - ninja-build # cctools
- - systemtap-sdt-dev # cctools
- - libbsd-dev # cctools
- - linux-libc-dev # cctools
+ - llvm-dev # for cctools
+ - uuid-dev ## for cctools
  - libplist-utils # for gogio
 sources:
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/applesdks
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/gio
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/giouiorg
- - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/cctools-port
- - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/apple-libtapi
- - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/apple-libdispatch
- - https://github.com/mackyle/xar
+ - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/cctools-port.git
+ - https://github.com/tpoechtrager/apple-libtapi.git
+ - https://github.com/mackyle/xar.git
 environment:
    APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT: /home/build/appletools
    PATH: /home/build/sdk/go/bin:/home/build/go/bin:/usr/bin
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.24.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
  - prepare_toolchain: |
      mkdir -p $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT
      cd $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT
@@ -47,11 +42,6 @@ tasks:
  - install_appletoolchain: |
      cd giouiorg
      go build -o $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/tools ./cmd/appletoolchain
- - build_libdispatch: |
-     cd apple-libdispatch
-     cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libdispatch .
-     ninja
-     ninja install
  - build_xar: |
      cd xar/xar
      ac_cv_lib_crypto_OpenSSL_add_all_ciphers=yes CC=clang ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr
@@ -63,7 +53,7 @@ tasks:
      ./install.sh
  - build_cctools: |
      cd cctools-port/cctools
-     ./configure --target=x86_64-apple-darwin19 --prefix $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/toolchain --with-libtapi=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libtapi --with-libdispatch=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libdispatch --with-libblocksruntime=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libdispatch
+     ./configure --prefix $APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/toolchain --with-libtapi=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/libtapi --target=x86_64-apple-darwin19
      make install
  - test_macos: |
      cd gio
@@ -71,4 +61,14 @@ tasks:
      CC=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/tools/clang-macos GOOS=darwin CGO_ENABLED=1 go build ./...
  - test_ios: |
      cd gio
-     CGO_CFLAGS=-Wno-deprecated-module-dot-map CC=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/tools/clang-ios GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go build -tags ios ./...
+     CC=$APPLE_TOOLCHAIN_ROOT/tools/clang-ios GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go build -tags ios ./...
+ - install_gogio: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go install ./gogio
+ - test_ios_gogio: |
+     mkdir tmp
+     cd tmp
+     go mod init example.com
+     go get -d gioui.org/example/kitchen
+     export PATH=/home/build/appletools/bin:$PATH
+     gogio -target ios -o app.app gioui.org/example/kitchen

.builds/freebsd.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-image: freebsd/latest
+image: freebsd/13.x
 packages:
  - libX11
  - libxkbcommon
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ environment:
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.24.2.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
  - test_gio: |
      cd gio
      go test ./...
+ - test_cmd: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go test ./...

.builds/linux.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-image: debian/stable
+image: debian/testing
 packages:
  - curl
  - pkg-config
- - gcc-multilib
  - libwayland-dev
  - libx11-dev
  - libx11-xcb-dev
@@ -18,12 +17,6 @@ packages:
  - libxinerama-dev
  - libxi-dev
  - libxxf86vm-dev
- - libegl-mesa0
- - libglx-mesa0
- - libgl1-mesa-dri
- - mesa-libgallium
- - libgbm1
- - libegl1
  - mesa-vulkan-drivers
  - wine
  - xvfb
@@ -31,11 +24,12 @@ packages:
  - scrot
  - sway
  - grim
+ - wine
  - unzip
 sources:
  - https://git.sr.ht/~eliasnaur/gio
 environment:
- PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/
+ GOFLAGS: -mod=readonly
  PATH: /home/build/sdk/go/bin:/usr/bin:/home/build/go/bin:/home/build/android/tools/bin
  ANDROID_SDK_ROOT: /home/build/android
  android_sdk_tools_zip: sdk-tools-linux-3859397.zip
@@ -46,7 +40,7 @@ secrets:
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.24.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl -s https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
  - check_gofmt: |
      cd gio
      test -z "$(gofmt -s -l .)"
@@ -60,19 +54,20 @@ tasks:
             exit 1
         fi
      done
- - mirror: |
-     # mirror to github
-     ssh-keyscan github.com > "$HOME"/.ssh/known_hosts && cd gio && git push --mirror "$github_mirror" || echo "failed mirroring"
- - add_32bit_arch: |
-     sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
-     sudo apt-get update
-     sudo apt-get install -y "libwayland-dev:i386" "libx11-dev:i386" "libx11-xcb-dev:i386" "libxkbcommon-dev:i386" "libxkbcommon-x11-dev:i386" "libgles2-mesa-dev:i386" "libegl1-mesa-dev:i386" "libffi-dev:i386" "libvulkan-dev:i386" "libxcursor-dev:i386" "libegl-mesa0:i386" "libglx-mesa0:i386" "libgbm1:i386" "mesa-libgallium:i386" "libgl1-mesa-dri:i386"
  - test_gio: |
      cd gio
      go test -race ./...
-     CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=386 go test ./...
      GOOS=windows go test -exec=wine ./...
      GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm go build -o /dev/null ./...
+ - install_chrome: |
+     curl -s https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
+     sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'
+     sudo apt-get -qq update
+     sudo apt-get -qq install -y google-chrome-stable
+ - test_cmd: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go test ./...
+     go test -race ./...
  - install_jdk8: |
      curl -so jdk.deb "https://cdn.azul.com/zulu/bin/zulu8.42.0.21-ca-jdk8.0.232-linux_amd64.deb"
      sudo apt-get -qq install -y -f ./jdk.deb
@@ -86,11 +81,21 @@ tasks:
      unzip -q ndk.zip
      rm ndk.zip
      mv android-ndk-* ndk-bundle
-     # sdkmanager needs lots of file descriptors
-     ulimit -n 10000
      yes|sdkmanager --licenses
      sdkmanager "platforms;android-31" "build-tools;32.0.0"
  - test_android: |
      cd gio
      CC=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android29-clang GOOS=android GOARCH=arm64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go build ./...
      CC=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi29-clang GOOS=android GOARCH=arm CGO_ENABLED=1 go build ./...
+ - install_gogio: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go install ./gogio
+ - test_android_gogio: |
+     mkdir tmp
+     cd tmp
+     go mod init example.com
+     go get -d gioui.org/example/kitchen
+     gogio -target android gioui.org/example/kitchen
+ - mirror: |
+     # mirror to github
+     ssh-keyscan github.com > "$HOME"/.ssh/known_hosts && cd gio && git push --mirror "$github_mirror" || echo "failed mirroring"

.builds/openbsd.yml

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ environment:
 tasks:
  - install_go: |
      mkdir -p /home/build/sdk
-     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.24.2.src.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
+     curl https://dl.google.com/go/go1.17.7.src.tar.gz | tar -C /home/build/sdk -xzf -
      cd /home/build/sdk/go/src
      ./make.bash
  - test_gio: |
      cd gio
      go test ./...
+ - test_cmd: |
+     cd gio/cmd
+     go test ./...

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+.gradle
+**/android/build

README.md

@@ -24,12 +24,3 @@ account is required and you can post without being subscribed.
 See the [contribution guide](https://gioui.org/doc/contribute) for more details.
 
 An [official GitHub mirror](https://github.com/gioui/gio) is available.
-
-## Tags
-
-Pre-1.0 tags are provided for reference only, and do not designate releases with ongoing support. Bugfixes will not be backported to older tags.
-
-Tags follow semantic versioning. In particular, as the major version is zero:
-
-- breaking API or behavior changes will increment the *minor* version component.
-- non-breaking changes will increment the *patch* version component.

app/GioActivity.java

@@ -4,33 +4,17 @@ package org.gioui;
 
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.res.Configuration;
-import android.view.ViewGroup;
-import android.view.View;
-import android.view.ViewGroup;
-import android.widget.FrameLayout;
 
 public final class GioActivity extends Activity {
 	private GioView view;
-	public FrameLayout layer;
 
 	@Override public void onCreate(Bundle state) {
-            super.onCreate(state);
+		super.onCreate(state);
 
-            layer = new FrameLayout(this);
-            view = new GioView(this);
+		this.view = new GioView(this);
 
-            view.setLayoutParams(new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(
-                FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
-                FrameLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT
-            ));
-            view.setFocusable(true);
-            view.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
-
-            layer.addView(view);
-            setContentView(layer);
-            onNewIntent(this.getIntent());
+		setContentView(view);
 	}
 
 	@Override public void onDestroy() {
@@ -48,16 +32,6 @@ public final class GioActivity extends Activity {
 		super.onStop();
 	}
 
-	@Override public void onPause() {
-        super.onPause();
-        view.pause();
-	}
-
-	@Override public void onResume() {
-        super.onResume();
-        view.resume();
-	}
-
 	@Override public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration c) {
 		super.onConfigurationChanged(c);
 		view.configurationChanged();
@@ -72,9 +46,4 @@ public final class GioActivity extends Activity {
 		if (!view.backPressed())
 			super.onBackPressed();
 	}
-
-	@Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
-		super.onNewIntent(intent);
-		view.onIntentEvent(intent);
-	}
 }

app/GioView.java

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import android.app.Fragment;
 import android.app.FragmentManager;
 import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
 import android.graphics.Canvas;
 import android.graphics.Color;
 import android.graphics.Matrix;
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ import android.text.SpannableStringBuilder;
 import android.util.AttributeSet;
 import android.util.TypedValue;
 import android.view.Choreographer;
-import android.view.Display;
 import android.view.KeyCharacterMap;
 import android.view.KeyEvent;
 import android.view.MotionEvent;
@@ -62,11 +60,12 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 	private static boolean jniLoaded;
 
 	private final SurfaceHolder.Callback surfCallbacks;
+	private final View.OnFocusChangeListener focusCallback;
 	private final InputMethodManager imm;
 	private final float scrollXScale;
 	private final float scrollYScale;
-	private final AccessibilityManager accessManager;
 	private int keyboardHint;
+	private AccessibilityManager accessManager;
 
 	private long nhandle;
 
@@ -106,13 +105,17 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 			scrollYScale = px;
 		}
 
-		setHighRefreshRate();
-
 		accessManager = (AccessibilityManager)context.getSystemService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE);
 		imm = (InputMethodManager)context.getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
 		nhandle = onCreateView(this);
 		setFocusable(true);
 		setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
+		focusCallback = new View.OnFocusChangeListener() {
+			@Override public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean focus) {
+				GioView.this.onFocusChange(nhandle, focus);
+			}
+		};
+		setOnFocusChangeListener(focusCallback);
 		surfCallbacks = new SurfaceHolder.Callback() {
 			@Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
 				// Ignore; surfaceChanged is guaranteed to be called immediately after this.
@@ -252,72 +255,6 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 		this.setBarColor(Bar.NAVIGATION, color, luminance);
 	}
 
-	private void setHighRefreshRate() {
-		if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		Context context = getContext();
-		Display display = context.getDisplay();
-		Display.Mode[] supportedModes = display.getSupportedModes();
-		if (supportedModes.length <= 1) {
-			// Nothing to set
-			return;
-		}
-
-		Display.Mode currentMode = display.getMode();
-		int currentWidth = currentMode.getPhysicalWidth();
-		int currentHeight = currentMode.getPhysicalHeight();
-
-		float minRefreshRate = -1;
-		float maxRefreshRate = -1;
-		float bestRefreshRate = -1;
-		int bestModeId = -1;
-		for (Display.Mode mode : supportedModes) {
-			float refreshRate = mode.getRefreshRate();
-			float width = mode.getPhysicalWidth();
-			float height = mode.getPhysicalHeight();
-
-			if (minRefreshRate == -1 || refreshRate < minRefreshRate) {
-				minRefreshRate = refreshRate;
-			}
-			if (maxRefreshRate == -1 || refreshRate > maxRefreshRate) {
-				maxRefreshRate = refreshRate;
-			}
-
-			boolean refreshRateIsBetter = bestRefreshRate == -1 || refreshRate > bestRefreshRate;
-			if (width == currentWidth && height == currentHeight && refreshRateIsBetter) {
-				int modeId = mode.getModeId();
-				bestRefreshRate = refreshRate;
-				bestModeId = modeId;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (bestModeId == -1) {
-			// Not expecting this but just in case
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if (minRefreshRate == maxRefreshRate) {
-			// Can't improve the refresh rate
-			return;
-		}
-
-		Window window = ((Activity) context).getWindow();
-		WindowManager.LayoutParams layoutParams = window.getAttributes();
-		layoutParams.preferredDisplayModeId = bestModeId;
-		window.setAttributes(layoutParams);
-	}
-
-	protected void onIntentEvent(Intent intent) {
-		if (intent == null) {
-			return;
-		}
-		if (intent.getData() != null) {
-			this.onOpenURI(nhandle, intent.getData().toString());
-		}
-	}
-
 	@Override protected boolean dispatchHoverEvent(MotionEvent event) {
 		if (!accessManager.isTouchExplorationEnabled()) {
 			return super.dispatchHoverEvent(event);
@@ -475,18 +412,6 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 		}
 	}
 
-	public void pause() {
-		if (nhandle != 0) {
-		    onFocusChange(nhandle, false);
-        }
-	}
-
-	public void resume() {
-		if (nhandle != 0) {
-		    onFocusChange(nhandle, true);
-        }
-	}
-
 	public void destroy() {
 		if (nhandle != 0) {
 			onDestroyView(nhandle);
@@ -568,7 +493,6 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 	static private native void onExitTouchExploration(long handle);
 	static private native void onA11yFocus(long handle, int viewId);
 	static private native void onClearA11yFocus(long handle, int viewId);
-	static private native void onOpenURI(long handle, String uri);
 	static private native void imeSetSnippet(long handle, int start, int end);
 	static private native String imeSnippet(long handle);
 	static private native int imeSnippetStart(long handle);
@@ -631,11 +555,7 @@ public final class GioView extends SurfaceView implements Choreographer.FrameCal
 		@Override public int getCursorCapsMode(int reqModes) {
 			Snippet snip = getSnippet();
 			int selStart = imeSelectionStart(nhandle);
-			int off = imeToUTF16(nhandle, selStart - snip.offset);
-			if (off < 0 || off > snip.snippet.length()) {
-				return 0;
-			}
-			return TextUtils.getCapsMode(snip.snippet, off, reqModes);
+			return TextUtils.getCapsMode(snip.snippet, imeToUTF16(nhandle, selStart), reqModes);
 		}
 
 		@Override public ExtractedText getExtractedText(ExtractedTextRequest request, int flags) {

app/app.go

@@ -3,19 +3,8 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
-	"golang.org/x/net/idna"
-	"image"
-	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
-	"gioui.org/layout"
-	"gioui.org/op"
-	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
 // extraArgs contains extra arguments to append to
@@ -25,102 +14,10 @@ import (
 // Set with the go linker flag -X.
 var extraArgs string
 
-// ID is the app id exposed to the platform.
-//
-// On Android ID is the package property of AndroidManifest.xml,
-// on iOS ID is the CFBundleIdentifier of the app Info.plist,
-// on Wayland it is the toplevel app_id,
-// on X11 it is the X11 XClassHint.
-//
-// ID is set by the [gioui.org/cmd/gogio] tool or manually with the -X linker flag. For example,
-//
-//	go build -ldflags="-X 'gioui.org/app.ID=org.gioui.example.Kitchen'" .
-//
-// Note that ID is treated as a constant, and that changing it at runtime
-// is not supported. The default value of ID is filepath.Base(os.Args[0]).
-var ID = ""
-
-// A FrameEvent requests a new frame in the form of a list of
-// operations that describes the window content.
-type FrameEvent struct {
-	// Now is the current animation. Use Now instead of time.Now to
-	// synchronize animation and to avoid the time.Now call overhead.
-	Now time.Time
-	// Metric converts device independent dp and sp to device pixels.
-	Metric unit.Metric
-	// Size is the dimensions of the window.
-	Size image.Point
-	// Insets represent the space occupied by system decorations and controls.
-	Insets Insets
-	// Frame completes the FrameEvent by drawing the graphical operations
-	// from ops into the window.
-	Frame func(frame *op.Ops)
-	// Source is the interface between the window and widgets.
-	Source input.Source
-}
-
-// URLEvent is generated for external requests to open a URL. Unlike window specific events,
-// it is delivered through the [Events] iterator.
-//
-// In order to receive URLEvents the program must register one or more URL schemes. A scheme can
-// be registered using gogio, with the `-schemes` flag.
-type URLEvent struct {
-	URL *url.URL
-}
-
-// ViewEvent provides handles to the underlying window objects for the
-// current display protocol.
-type ViewEvent interface {
-	implementsViewEvent()
-	ImplementsEvent()
-	// Valid will return true when the ViewEvent does contains valid handles.
-	// If a window receives an invalid ViewEvent, it should deinitialize any
-	// state referring to handles from a previous ViewEvent.
-	Valid() bool
-}
-
-// Insets is the space taken up by
-// system decoration such as translucent
-// system bars and software keyboards.
-type Insets struct {
-	// Values are in pixels.
-	Top, Bottom, Left, Right unit.Dp
-}
-
-// NewContext is shorthand for
-//
-//	layout.Context{
-//	  Ops: ops,
-//	  Now: e.Now,
-//	  Source: e.Source,
-//	  Metric: e.Metric,
-//	  Constraints: layout.Exact(e.Size),
-//	}
-//
-// NewContext calls ops.Reset and adjusts ops for e.Insets.
-func NewContext(ops *op.Ops, e FrameEvent) layout.Context {
-	ops.Reset()
-
-	size := e.Size
-
-	if e.Insets != (Insets{}) {
-		left := e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Left)
-		top := e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Top)
-		op.Offset(image.Point{
-			X: left,
-			Y: top,
-		}).Add(ops)
-
-		size.X -= left + e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Right)
-		size.Y -= top + e.Metric.Dp(e.Insets.Bottom)
-	}
-
-	return layout.Context{
-		Ops:         ops,
-		Now:         e.Now,
-		Source:      e.Source,
-		Metric:      e.Metric,
-		Constraints: layout.Exact(size),
+func init() {
+	if extraArgs != "" {
+		args := strings.Split(extraArgs, "|")
+		os.Args = append(os.Args, args...)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -130,7 +27,8 @@ func NewContext(ops *op.Ops, e FrameEvent) layout.Context {
 // On iOS NSDocumentDirectory is queried.
 // For Android Context.getFilesDir is used.
 //
-// BUG: On Android, DataDir panics if called before main.
+// BUG: DataDir blocks on Android until init functions
+// have completed.
 func DataDir() (string, error) {
 	return dataDir()
 }
@@ -146,54 +44,3 @@ func DataDir() (string, error) {
 func Main() {
 	osMain()
 }
-
-// Events is an iterator that yields events that are not specific to any window,
-// such as [URLEvent]. It never returns.
-//
-// Events must be called by the main goroutine, and replaces the
-// call to [Main].
-func Events(yield func(event.Event) bool) {
-	yieldGlobalEvent = yield
-	osMain()
-}
-
-var yieldGlobalEvent func(evt event.Event) bool
-
-func processGlobalEvent(evt event.Event) {
-	if yieldGlobalEvent == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if !yieldGlobalEvent(evt) {
-		yieldGlobalEvent = nil
-	}
-}
-
-func (FrameEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-func (URLEvent) ImplementsEvent()   {}
-
-func init() {
-	if extraArgs != "" {
-		args := strings.Split(extraArgs, "|")
-		os.Args = append(os.Args, args...)
-	}
-	if ID == "" {
-		ID = filepath.Base(os.Args[0])
-	}
-}
-
-// newURLEvent creates a URLEvent from a raw URL string, handling Punycode decoding.
-func newURLEvent(rawurl string) (URLEvent, error) {
-	u, err := url.Parse(rawurl)
-	if err != nil {
-		return URLEvent{}, err
-	}
-	u.Host, err = idna.Punycode.ToUnicode(u.Hostname())
-	if err != nil {
-		return URLEvent{}, err
-	}
-	u, err = url.Parse(u.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		return URLEvent{}, err
-	}
-	return URLEvent{URL: u}, nil
-}

app/d3d11_windows.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ type d3d11Context struct {
 	width, height int
 }
 
-const debugDirectX = false
+const debug = false
 
 func init() {
 	drivers = append(drivers, gpuAPI{
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func init() {
 		initializer: func(w *window) (context, error) {
 			hwnd, _, _ := w.HWND()
 			var flags uint32
-			if debugDirectX {
+			if debug {
 				flags |= d3d11.CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG
 			}
 			dev, ctx, _, err := d3d11.CreateDevice(
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ func (c *d3d11Context) RenderTarget() (gpu.RenderTarget, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *d3d11Context) Present() error {
-	return wrapErr(c.swchain.Present(1, 0))
-}
-
-func wrapErr(err error) error {
+	err := c.swchain.Present(1, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
 	if err, ok := err.(d3d11.ErrorCode); ok {
 		switch err.Code {
 		case d3d11.DXGI_STATUS_OCCLUDED:
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (c *d3d11Context) Refresh() error {
 	}
 	c.releaseFBO()
 	if err := c.swchain.ResizeBuffers(0, 0, 0, d3d11.DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0); err != nil {
-		return wrapErr(err)
+		return err
 	}
 	c.width = width
 	c.height = height
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func (c *d3d11Context) Release() {
 		d3d11.IUnknownRelease(unsafe.Pointer(c.dev), c.dev.Vtbl.Release)
 	}
 	*c = d3d11Context{}
-	if debugDirectX {
+	if debug {
 		d3d11.ReportLiveObjects()
 	}
 }

app/datadir.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build !android
+// +build !android
 
 package app
 

app/doc.go

@@ -6,22 +6,23 @@ functionality for running graphical user interfaces.
 
 See https://gioui.org for instructions to set up and run Gio programs.
 
-# Windows
+Windows
 
-A Window is run by calling its Event method in a loop. The first time a
-method on Window is called, a new GUI window is created and shown. On mobile
-platforms or when Gio is embedded in another project, Window merely connects
-with a previously created GUI window.
+Create a new Window by calling NewWindow. On mobile platforms or when Gio
+is embedded in another project, NewWindow merely connects with a previously
+created window.
 
-The most important event is [FrameEvent] that prompts an update of the window
-contents.
+A Window is run by receiving events from its Events channel. The most
+important event is FrameEvent that prompts an update of the window
+contents and state.
 
 For example:
 
-	w := new(app.Window)
-	for {
-		e := w.Event()
-		if e, ok := e.(app.FrameEvent); ok {
+	import "gioui.org/unit"
+
+	w := app.NewWindow()
+	for e := range w.Events() {
+		if e, ok := e.(system.FrameEvent); ok {
 			ops.Reset()
 			// Add operations to ops.
 			...
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@ For example:
 	}
 
 A program must keep receiving events from the event channel until
-[DestroyEvent] is received.
+DestroyEvent is received.
 
-# Main
+Main
 
 The Main function must be called from a program's main function, to hand over
 control of the main thread to operating systems that need it.
@@ -48,20 +49,21 @@ For example, to display a blank but otherwise functional window:
 
 	func main() {
 		go func() {
-			w := new(app.Window)
-			for {
-				w.Event()
+			w := app.NewWindow()
+			for range w.Events() {
 			}
 		}()
 		app.Main()
 	}
 
-# Events
 
-The [Events] iterator yields app-specific events such as [URLEvent]. [Window.Event]
-yields events that target a particular window.
+Event queue
 
-# Permissions
+A FrameEvent's Queue method returns an event.Queue implementation that distributes
+incoming events to the event handlers declared in the last frame.
+See the gioui.org/io/event package for more information about event handlers.
+
+Permissions
 
 The packages under gioui.org/app/permission should be imported
 by a Gio program or by one of its dependencies to indicate that specific

app/egl_android.go

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build !noopengl
-
 package app
 
 /*
@@ -17,8 +15,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type androidContext struct {
-	win     *window
-	eglSurf egl.NativeWindowType
+	win           *window
+	eglSurf       egl.NativeWindowType
+	width, height int
 	*egl.Context
 }
 
@@ -44,8 +43,9 @@ func (c *androidContext) Refresh() error {
 	if err := c.win.setVisual(c.Context.VisualID()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	win, _, _ := c.win.nativeWindow()
+	win, width, height := c.win.nativeWindow()
 	c.eglSurf = egl.NativeWindowType(unsafe.Pointer(win))
+	c.width, c.height = width, height
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (c *androidContext) Lock() error {
 	// The Android emulator creates a broken surface if it is not
 	// created on the same thread as the context is made current.
 	if c.eglSurf != nil {
-		if err := c.Context.CreateSurface(c.eglSurf); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Context.CreateSurface(c.eglSurf, c.width, c.height); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		c.eglSurf = nil

app/egl_wayland.go

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd) && !nowayland && !noopengl
+//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd) && !nowayland
 // +build linux,!android freebsd
 // +build !nowayland
-// +build !noopengl
 
 package app
 
@@ -38,24 +37,7 @@ func init() {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-
-		surf, width, height := w.surface()
-		if surf == nil {
-			return nil, errors.New("wayland: no surface")
-		}
-		eglWin := C.wl_egl_window_create(surf, C.int(width), C.int(height))
-		if eglWin == nil {
-			return nil, errors.New("wayland: wl_egl_window_create failed")
-		}
-		eglSurf := egl.NativeWindowType(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(eglWin)))
-		if err := ctx.CreateSurface(eglSurf); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		// We're in charge of the frame callbacks, don't let eglSwapBuffers
-		// wait for callbacks that may never arrive.
-		ctx.EnableVSync(false)
-
-		return &wlContext{Context: ctx, win: w, eglWin: eglWin}, nil
+		return &wlContext{Context: ctx, win: w}, nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -71,12 +53,22 @@ func (c *wlContext) Release() {
 }
 
 func (c *wlContext) Refresh() error {
+	c.Context.ReleaseSurface()
+	if c.eglWin != nil {
+		C.wl_egl_window_destroy(c.eglWin)
+		c.eglWin = nil
+	}
 	surf, width, height := c.win.surface()
 	if surf == nil {
 		return errors.New("wayland: no surface")
 	}
-	C.wl_egl_window_resize(c.eglWin, C.int(width), C.int(height), 0, 0)
-	return nil
+	eglWin := C.wl_egl_window_create(surf, C.int(width), C.int(height))
+	if eglWin == nil {
+		return errors.New("wayland: wl_egl_window_create failed")
+	}
+	c.eglWin = eglWin
+	eglSurf := egl.NativeWindowType(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(eglWin)))
+	return c.Context.CreateSurface(eglSurf, width, height)
 }
 
 func (c *wlContext) Lock() error {

app/egl_windows.go

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build !noopengl
-
 package app
 
 import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+
 	"gioui.org/internal/egl"
 )
 
@@ -22,18 +22,6 @@ func init() {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			win, _, _ := w.HWND()
-			eglSurf := egl.NativeWindowType(win)
-			if err := ctx.CreateSurface(eglSurf); err != nil {
-				ctx.Release()
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			if err := ctx.MakeCurrent(); err != nil {
-				ctx.Release()
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			defer ctx.ReleaseCurrent()
-			ctx.EnableVSync(true)
 			return &glContext{win: w, Context: ctx}, nil
 		},
 	})
@@ -47,6 +35,21 @@ func (c *glContext) Release() {
 }
 
 func (c *glContext) Refresh() error {
+	c.Context.ReleaseSurface()
+	var (
+		win           windows.Handle
+		width, height int
+	)
+	win, width, height = c.win.HWND()
+	eglSurf := egl.NativeWindowType(win)
+	if err := c.Context.CreateSurface(eglSurf, width, height); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := c.Context.MakeCurrent(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	c.Context.EnableVSync(true)
+	c.Context.ReleaseCurrent()
 	return nil
 }
 

app/egl_x11.go

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd || openbsd) && !nox11 && !noopengl
+//go:build ((linux && !android) || freebsd || openbsd) && !nox11
 // +build linux,!android freebsd openbsd
 // +build !nox11
-// +build !noopengl
 
 package app
 
@@ -25,18 +24,6 @@ func init() {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		win, _, _ := w.window()
-		eglSurf := egl.NativeWindowType(uintptr(win))
-		if err := ctx.CreateSurface(eglSurf); err != nil {
-			ctx.Release()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if err := ctx.MakeCurrent(); err != nil {
-			ctx.Release()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		defer ctx.ReleaseCurrent()
-		ctx.EnableVSync(true)
 		return &x11Context{win: w, Context: ctx}, nil
 	}
 }
@@ -49,6 +36,17 @@ func (c *x11Context) Release() {
 }
 
 func (c *x11Context) Refresh() error {
+	c.Context.ReleaseSurface()
+	win, width, height := c.win.window()
+	eglSurf := egl.NativeWindowType(uintptr(win))
+	if err := c.Context.CreateSurface(eglSurf, width, height); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := c.Context.MakeCurrent(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	c.Context.EnableVSync(true)
+	c.Context.ReleaseCurrent()
 	return nil
 }
 

app/gl_ios.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build darwin && ios && nometal
+// +build darwin,ios,nometal
 
 package app
 

app/gl_js.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 type glContext struct {
 	ctx js.Value
 	cnv js.Value
-	w   *window
 }
 
 func newContext(w *window) (*glContext, error) {
@@ -33,15 +32,11 @@ func newContext(w *window) (*glContext, error) {
 	c := &glContext{
 		ctx: ctx,
 		cnv: w.cnv,
-		w:   w,
 	}
 	return c, nil
 }
 
 func (c *glContext) RenderTarget() (gpu.RenderTarget, error) {
-	if c.w.contextStatus != contextStatusOkay {
-		return nil, gpu.ErrDeviceLost
-	}
 	return gpu.OpenGLRenderTarget{}, nil
 }
 
@@ -53,6 +48,9 @@ func (c *glContext) Release() {
 }
 
 func (c *glContext) Present() error {
+	if c.ctx.Call("isContextLost").Bool() {
+		return errors.New("context lost")
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -63,15 +61,7 @@ func (c *glContext) Lock() error {
 func (c *glContext) Unlock() {}
 
 func (c *glContext) Refresh() error {
-	switch c.w.contextStatus {
-	case contextStatusLost:
-		return errOutOfDate
-	case contextStatusRestored:
-		c.w.contextStatus = contextStatusOkay
-		return gpu.ErrDeviceLost
-	default:
-		return nil
-	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (w *window) NewContext() (context, error) {

app/gl_macos.go

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build darwin && !ios && nometal
+// +build darwin,!ios,nometal
 
 package app
 
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"runtime"
+
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gioui.org/gpu"
@@ -14,9 +16,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 /*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -DGL_SILENCE_DEPRECATION -xobjective-c -fobjc-arc
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework OpenGL
-
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h>
 #include <AppKit/AppKit.h>

app/gl_macos.m

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 // +build darwin,!ios,nometal
 
-#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+@import AppKit;
+
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <OpenGL/OpenGL.h>
 #include "_cgo_export.h"
 
-CALayer *gio_layerFactory(BOOL presentWithTrans) {
+CALayer *gio_layerFactory(void) {
 	@autoreleasepool {
 		return [CALayer layer];
 	}

app/ime.go

@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-package app
-
-import (
-	"unicode"
-	"unicode/utf16"
-	"unicode/utf8"
-
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
-	"gioui.org/io/key"
-)
-
-type editorState struct {
-	input.EditorState
-	compose key.Range
-}
-
-func (e *editorState) Replace(r key.Range, text string) {
-	if r.Start > r.End {
-		r.Start, r.End = r.End, r.Start
-	}
-	runes := []rune(text)
-	newEnd := r.Start + len(runes)
-	adjust := func(pos int) int {
-		switch {
-		case newEnd < pos && pos <= r.End:
-			return newEnd
-		case r.End < pos:
-			diff := newEnd - r.End
-			return pos + diff
-		}
-		return pos
-	}
-	e.Selection.Start = adjust(e.Selection.Start)
-	e.Selection.End = adjust(e.Selection.End)
-	if e.compose.Start != -1 {
-		e.compose.Start = adjust(e.compose.Start)
-		e.compose.End = adjust(e.compose.End)
-	}
-	s := e.Snippet
-	if r.End < s.Start || r.Start > s.End {
-		// Discard snippet if it doesn't overlap with replacement.
-		s = key.Snippet{
-			Range: key.Range{
-				Start: r.Start,
-				End:   r.Start,
-			},
-		}
-	}
-	var newSnippet []rune
-	snippet := []rune(s.Text)
-	// Append first part of existing snippet.
-	if end := r.Start - s.Start; end > 0 {
-		newSnippet = append(newSnippet, snippet[:end]...)
-	}
-	// Append replacement.
-	newSnippet = append(newSnippet, runes...)
-	// Append last part of existing snippet.
-	if start := r.End; start < s.End {
-		newSnippet = append(newSnippet, snippet[start-s.Start:]...)
-	}
-	// Adjust snippet range to include replacement.
-	if r.Start < s.Start {
-		s.Start = r.Start
-	}
-	s.End = s.Start + len(newSnippet)
-	s.Text = string(newSnippet)
-	e.Snippet = s
-}
-
-// UTF16Index converts the given index in runes into an index in utf16 characters.
-func (e *editorState) UTF16Index(runes int) int {
-	if runes == -1 {
-		return -1
-	}
-	if runes < e.Snippet.Start {
-		// Assume runes before sippet are one UTF-16 character each.
-		return runes
-	}
-	chars := e.Snippet.Start
-	runes -= e.Snippet.Start
-	for _, r := range e.Snippet.Text {
-		if runes == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		runes--
-		chars++
-		if r1, _ := utf16.EncodeRune(r); r1 != unicode.ReplacementChar {
-			chars++
-		}
-	}
-	// Assume runes after snippets are one UTF-16 character each.
-	return chars + runes
-}
-
-// RunesIndex converts the given index in utf16 characters to an index in runes.
-func (e *editorState) RunesIndex(chars int) int {
-	if chars == -1 {
-		return -1
-	}
-	if chars < e.Snippet.Start {
-		// Assume runes before offset are one UTF-16 character each.
-		return chars
-	}
-	runes := e.Snippet.Start
-	chars -= e.Snippet.Start
-	for _, r := range e.Snippet.Text {
-		if chars == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		chars--
-		runes++
-		if r1, _ := utf16.EncodeRune(r); r1 != unicode.ReplacementChar {
-			chars--
-		}
-	}
-	// Assume runes after snippets are one UTF-16 character each.
-	return runes + chars
-}
-
-// areSnippetsConsistent reports whether the content of the old snippet is
-// consistent with the content of the new.
-func areSnippetsConsistent(old, new key.Snippet) bool {
-	// Compute the overlapping range.
-	r := old.Range
-	r.Start = max(r.Start, new.Start)
-	r.End = max(r.End, r.Start)
-	r.End = min(r.End, new.End)
-	return snippetSubstring(old, r) == snippetSubstring(new, r)
-}
-
-func snippetSubstring(s key.Snippet, r key.Range) string {
-	for r.Start > s.Start && r.Start < s.End {
-		_, n := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s.Text)
-		s.Text = s.Text[n:]
-		s.Start++
-	}
-	for r.End < s.End && r.End > s.Start {
-		_, n := utf8.DecodeLastRuneInString(s.Text)
-		s.Text = s.Text[:len(s.Text)-n]
-		s.End--
-	}
-	return s.Text
-}

app/ime_test.go

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
+//go:build go1.18
+// +build go1.18
+
 package app
 
 import (
-	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"testing"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
-	"gioui.org/font"
 	"gioui.org/font/gofont"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
+	"gioui.org/io/router"
 	"gioui.org/layout"
 	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/text"
@@ -27,18 +28,17 @@ func FuzzIME(f *testing.F) {
 	f.Add([]byte("20007800002\x02000"))
 	f.Add([]byte("200A02000990\x19002\x17\x0200"))
 	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, cmds []byte) {
-		cache := text.NewShaper(text.WithCollection(gofont.Collection()))
+		cache := text.NewCache(gofont.Collection())
 		e := new(widget.Editor)
+		e.Focus()
 
-		var r input.Router
-		gtx := layout.Context{Ops: new(op.Ops), Source: r.Source()}
-		gtx.Execute(key.FocusCmd{Tag: e})
+		var r router.Router
+		gtx := layout.Context{Ops: new(op.Ops), Queue: &r}
 		// Layout once to register focus.
-		e.Layout(gtx, cache, font.Font{}, unit.Sp(10), op.CallOp{}, op.CallOp{})
+		e.Layout(gtx, cache, text.Font{}, unit.Px(10), nil)
 		r.Frame(gtx.Ops)
 
 		var state editorState
-		state.Selection.Transform = f32.AffineId()
 		const (
 			cmdReplace = iota
 			cmdSelect
@@ -103,32 +103,11 @@ func FuzzIME(f *testing.F) {
 				}
 			}
 			cmds = cmds[cmdLen:]
-			e.Layout(gtx, cache, font.Font{}, unit.Sp(10), op.CallOp{}, op.CallOp{})
+			e.Layout(gtx, cache, text.Font{}, unit.Px(10), nil)
 			r.Frame(gtx.Ops)
 			newState := r.EditorState()
 			// We don't track caret position.
 			state.Selection.Caret = newState.Selection.Caret
-			// Expanded snippets are ok.
-			their, our := newState.Snippet, state.EditorState.Snippet
-			beforeLen := 0
-			for before := our.Start - their.Start; before > 0; before-- {
-				_, n := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(their.Text[beforeLen:])
-				beforeLen += n
-			}
-			afterLen := 0
-			for after := their.End - our.End; after > 0; after-- {
-				_, n := utf8.DecodeLastRuneInString(their.Text[:len(their.Text)-afterLen])
-				afterLen += n
-			}
-			if beforeLen > 0 {
-				our.Text = their.Text[:beforeLen] + our.Text
-				our.Start = their.Start
-			}
-			if afterLen > 0 {
-				our.Text = our.Text + their.Text[len(their.Text)-afterLen:]
-				our.End = their.End
-			}
-			state.EditorState.Snippet = our
 			if newState != state.EditorState {
 				t.Errorf("IME state: %+v\neditor state: %+v", state.EditorState, newState)
 			}
@@ -138,7 +117,6 @@ func FuzzIME(f *testing.F) {
 
 func TestEditorIndices(t *testing.T) {
 	var s editorState
-	s.Selection.Transform = f32.AffineId()
 	const str = "Hello, 😀"
 	s.Snippet = key.Snippet{
 		Text: str,

app/internal/log/log.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+// Package points standard output, standard error and the standard
+// library package log to the platform logger.
+package log
+
+var appID = "gio"

app/internal/log/log_android.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-package app
+package log
 
 /*
 #cgo LDFLAGS: -llog
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 // 1024 is the truncation limit from android/log.h, plus a \n.
 const logLineLimit = 1024
 
-var logTag = C.CString(ID)
+var logTag = C.CString(appID)
 
 func init() {
 	// Android's logcat already includes timestamps.

app/internal/log/log_ios.go

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build darwin && ios
+// +build darwin,ios
 
-package app
+package log
 
 /*
 #cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -fmodules -fobjc-arc -x objective-c

app/internal/log/log_windows.go

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-package app
+package log
 
 import (
 	"log"
+	"syscall"
 	"unsafe"
-
-	syscall "golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
 type logger struct{}
 
 var (
-	kernel32           = syscall.NewLazySystemDLL("kernel32")
+	kernel32           = syscall.NewLazyDLL("kernel32")
 	outputDebugStringW = kernel32.NewProc("OutputDebugStringW")
 	debugView          *logger
 )

app/internal/windows/windows.go

@@ -47,13 +47,6 @@ type WndClassEx struct {
 	HIconSm       syscall.Handle
 }
 
-type Margins struct {
-	CxLeftWidth    int32
-	CxRightWidth   int32
-	CyTopHeight    int32
-	CyBottomHeight int32
-}
-
 type Msg struct {
 	Hwnd     syscall.Handle
 	Message  uint32
@@ -76,21 +69,6 @@ type MinMaxInfo struct {
 	PtMaxTrackSize Point
 }
 
-type NCCalcSizeParams struct {
-	Rgrc  [3]Rect
-	LpPos *WindowPos
-}
-
-type WindowPos struct {
-	HWND            syscall.Handle
-	HWNDInsertAfter syscall.Handle
-	x               int32
-	y               int32
-	cx              int32
-	cy              int32
-	flags           uint32
-}
-
 type WindowPlacement struct {
 	length           uint32
 	flags            uint32
@@ -108,80 +86,6 @@ type MonitorInfo struct {
 	Flags    uint32
 }
 
-type CopyDataStruct struct {
-	DwData uintptr
-	CbData uint32
-	LpData uintptr
-}
-
-type POINTER_INPUT_TYPE int32
-
-const (
-	PT_POINTER  POINTER_INPUT_TYPE = 1
-	PT_TOUCH    POINTER_INPUT_TYPE = 2
-	PT_PEN      POINTER_INPUT_TYPE = 3
-	PT_MOUSE    POINTER_INPUT_TYPE = 4
-	PT_TOUCHPAD POINTER_INPUT_TYPE = 5
-)
-
-type POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS int32
-
-const (
-	POINTER_FLAG_NEW            POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000001
-	POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE        POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000002
-	POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT      POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000004
-	POINTER_FLAG_FIRSTBUTTON    POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000010
-	POINTER_FLAG_SECONDBUTTON   POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000020
-	POINTER_FLAG_THIRDBUTTON    POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000040
-	POINTER_FLAG_FOURTHBUTTON   POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000080
-	POINTER_FLAG_FIFTHBUTTON    POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00000100
-	POINTER_FLAG_PRIMARY        POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00002000
-	POINTER_FLAG_CONFIDENCE     POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00004000
-	POINTER_FLAG_CANCELED       POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00008000
-	POINTER_FLAG_DOWN           POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00010000
-	POINTER_FLAG_UPDATE         POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00020000
-	POINTER_FLAG_UP             POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00040000
-	POINTER_FLAG_WHEEL          POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00080000
-	POINTER_FLAG_HWHEEL         POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00100000
-	POINTER_FLAG_CAPTURECHANGED POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00200000
-	POINTER_FLAG_HASTRANSFORM   POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS = 0x00400000
-)
-
-type POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE int32
-
-const (
-	POINTER_CHANGE_NONE              POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 0
-	POINTER_CHANGE_FIRSTBUTTON_DOWN  POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 1
-	POINTER_CHANGE_FIRSTBUTTON_UP    POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 2
-	POINTER_CHANGE_SECONDBUTTON_DOWN POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 3
-	POINTER_CHANGE_SECONDBUTTON_UP   POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 4
-	POINTER_CHANGE_THIRDBUTTON_DOWN  POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 5
-	POINTER_CHANGE_THIRDBUTTON_UP    POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 6
-	POINTER_CHANGE_FOURTHBUTTON_DOWN POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 7
-	POINTER_CHANGE_FOURTHBUTTON_UP   POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 8
-	POINTER_CHANGE_FIFTHBUTTON_DOWN  POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 9
-	POINTER_CHANGE_FIFTHBUTTON_UP    POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE = 10
-)
-
-type PointerInfo struct {
-	PointerType           POINTER_INPUT_TYPE
-	PointerId             uint32
-	FrameId               uint32
-	PointerFlags          POINTER_INFO_POINTER_FLAGS
-	SourceDevice          syscall.Handle
-	HwndTarget            syscall.Handle
-	PtPixelLocation       Point
-	PtHimetricLocation    Point
-	PtPixelLocationRaw    Point
-	PtHimetricLocationRaw Point
-	DwTime                uint32
-	HistoryCount          uint32
-	InputData             int32
-	DwKeyStates           uint32
-	PerformanceCount      uint64
-	ButtonChangeType      POINTER_BUTTON_CHANGE_TYPE
-}
-
 const (
 	TRUE = 1
 
@@ -207,20 +111,9 @@ const (
 	CFS_POINT        = 0x0002
 	CFS_CANDIDATEPOS = 0x0040
 
-	HWND_TOP       = syscall.Handle(0)
-	HWND_TOPMOST   = ^(syscall.Handle(1) - 1) // -1
-	HWND_NOTOPMOST = ^(syscall.Handle(2) - 1) // -2
+	HWND_TOPMOST = ^(uint32(1) - 1) // -1
 
-	HTCAPTION     = 2
-	HTCLIENT      = 1
-	HTLEFT        = 10
-	HTRIGHT       = 11
-	HTTOP         = 12
-	HTTOPLEFT     = 13
-	HTTOPRIGHT    = 14
-	HTBOTTOM      = 15
-	HTBOTTOMLEFT  = 16
-	HTBOTTOMRIGHT = 17
+	HTCLIENT = 1
 
 	IDC_APPSTARTING = 32650 // Standard arrow and small hourglass
 	IDC_ARROW       = 32512 // Standard arrow
@@ -253,16 +146,13 @@ const (
 
 	SCS_SETSTR = GCS_COMPREADSTR | GCS_COMPSTR
 
-	SM_CXSIZEFRAME = 32
-	SM_CYSIZEFRAME = 33
-
 	SW_SHOWDEFAULT   = 10
 	SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2
 	SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED = 3
 	SW_SHOWNORMAL    = 1
 	SW_SHOW          = 5
+	SWP_FRAMECHANGED = 0x0020
 
-	SWP_FRAMECHANGED  = 0x0020
 	SWP_NOMOVE        = 0x0002
 	SWP_NOOWNERZORDER = 0x0200
 	SWP_NOSIZE        = 0x0001
@@ -320,54 +210,43 @@ const (
 
 	UNICODE_NOCHAR = 65535
 
-	WM_CANCELMODE            = 0x001F
-	WM_CHAR                  = 0x0102
-	WM_CLOSE                 = 0x0010
-	WM_COPYDATA              = 0x004A
-	WM_CREATE                = 0x0001
-	WM_DPICHANGED            = 0x02E0
-	WM_DESTROY               = 0x0002
-	WM_ERASEBKGND            = 0x0014
-	WM_GETMINMAXINFO         = 0x0024
-	WM_IME_COMPOSITION       = 0x010F
-	WM_IME_ENDCOMPOSITION    = 0x010E
-	WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION  = 0x010D
-	WM_KEYDOWN               = 0x0100
-	WM_KEYUP                 = 0x0101
-	WM_KILLFOCUS             = 0x0008
-	WM_LBUTTONDOWN           = 0x0201
-	WM_LBUTTONUP             = 0x0202
-	WM_MBUTTONDOWN           = 0x0207
-	WM_MBUTTONUP             = 0x0208
-	WM_MOUSEMOVE             = 0x0200
-	WM_MOUSEWHEEL            = 0x020A
-	WM_MOUSEHWHEEL           = 0x020E
-	WM_NCACTIVATE            = 0x0086
-	WM_NCHITTEST             = 0x0084
-	WM_NCCALCSIZE            = 0x0083
-	WM_PAINT                 = 0x000F
-	WM_POINTERCAPTURECHANGED = 0x024C
-	WM_POINTERDOWN           = 0x0246
-	WM_POINTERUP             = 0x0247
-	WM_POINTERUPDATE         = 0x0245
-	WM_POINTERWHEEL          = 0x024E
-	WM_POINTERHWHEEL         = 0x024F
-	WM_QUIT                  = 0x0012
-	WM_RBUTTONDOWN           = 0x0204
-	WM_RBUTTONUP             = 0x0205
-	WM_SETCURSOR             = 0x0020
-	WM_SETFOCUS              = 0x0007
-	WM_SHOWWINDOW            = 0x0018
-	WM_SIZE                  = 0x0005
-	WM_STYLECHANGED          = 0x007D
-	WM_SYSKEYDOWN            = 0x0104
-	WM_SYSKEYUP              = 0x0105
-	WM_TIMER                 = 0x0113
-	WM_UNICHAR               = 0x0109
-	WM_USER                  = 0x0400
-	WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED      = 0x0047
+	WM_CANCELMODE           = 0x001F
+	WM_CHAR                 = 0x0102
+	WM_CLOSE                = 0x0010
+	WM_CREATE               = 0x0001
+	WM_DPICHANGED           = 0x02E0
+	WM_DESTROY              = 0x0002
+	WM_ERASEBKGND           = 0x0014
+	WM_GETMINMAXINFO        = 0x0024
+	WM_IME_COMPOSITION      = 0x010F
+	WM_IME_ENDCOMPOSITION   = 0x010E
+	WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION = 0x010D
+	WM_KEYDOWN              = 0x0100
+	WM_KEYUP                = 0x0101
+	WM_KILLFOCUS            = 0x0008
+	WM_LBUTTONDOWN          = 0x0201
+	WM_LBUTTONUP            = 0x0202
+	WM_MBUTTONDOWN          = 0x0207
+	WM_MBUTTONUP            = 0x0208
+	WM_MOUSEMOVE            = 0x0200
+	WM_MOUSEWHEEL           = 0x020A
+	WM_MOUSEHWHEEL          = 0x020E
+	WM_PAINT                = 0x000F
+	WM_QUIT                 = 0x0012
+	WM_SETCURSOR            = 0x0020
+	WM_SETFOCUS             = 0x0007
+	WM_SHOWWINDOW           = 0x0018
+	WM_SIZE                 = 0x0005
+	WM_SYSKEYDOWN           = 0x0104
+	WM_SYSKEYUP             = 0x0105
+	WM_RBUTTONDOWN          = 0x0204
+	WM_RBUTTONUP            = 0x0205
+	WM_TIMER                = 0x0113
+	WM_UNICHAR              = 0x0109
+	WM_USER                 = 0x0400
+	WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED     = 0x0047
 
-	WS_CLIPCHILDREN     = 0x02000000
+	WS_CLIPCHILDREN     = 0x00010000
 	WS_CLIPSIBLINGS     = 0x04000000
 	WS_MAXIMIZE         = 0x01000000
 	WS_ICONIC           = 0x20000000
@@ -428,11 +307,8 @@ var (
 	_DefWindowProc               = user32.NewProc("DefWindowProcW")
 	_DestroyWindow               = user32.NewProc("DestroyWindow")
 	_DispatchMessage             = user32.NewProc("DispatchMessageW")
-	_FindWindow                  = user32.NewProc("FindWindowW")
 	_EmptyClipboard              = user32.NewProc("EmptyClipboard")
-	_EnableMouseInPointer        = user32.NewProc("EnableMouseInPointer")
 	_GetWindowRect               = user32.NewProc("GetWindowRect")
-	_GetClientRect               = user32.NewProc("GetClientRect")
 	_GetClipboardData            = user32.NewProc("GetClipboardData")
 	_GetDC                       = user32.NewProc("GetDC")
 	_GetDpiForWindow             = user32.NewProc("GetDpiForWindow")
@@ -440,8 +316,6 @@ var (
 	_GetMessage                  = user32.NewProc("GetMessageW")
 	_GetMessageTime              = user32.NewProc("GetMessageTime")
 	_GetMonitorInfo              = user32.NewProc("GetMonitorInfoW")
-	_GetPointerInfo              = user32.NewProc("GetPointerInfo")
-	_GetSystemMetrics            = user32.NewProc("GetSystemMetrics")
 	_GetWindowLong               = user32.NewProc("GetWindowLongPtrW")
 	_GetWindowLong32             = user32.NewProc("GetWindowLongW")
 	_GetWindowPlacement          = user32.NewProc("GetWindowPlacement")
@@ -458,11 +332,9 @@ var (
 	_PostQuitMessage             = user32.NewProc("PostQuitMessage")
 	_ReleaseCapture              = user32.NewProc("ReleaseCapture")
 	_RegisterClassExW            = user32.NewProc("RegisterClassExW")
-	_RegisterTouchWindow         = user32.NewProc("RegisterTouchWindow")
 	_ReleaseDC                   = user32.NewProc("ReleaseDC")
 	_ScreenToClient              = user32.NewProc("ScreenToClient")
 	_ShowWindow                  = user32.NewProc("ShowWindow")
-	_SendMessage                 = user32.NewProc("SendMessageW")
 	_SetCapture                  = user32.NewProc("SetCapture")
 	_SetCursor                   = user32.NewProc("SetCursor")
 	_SetClipboardData            = user32.NewProc("SetClipboardData")
@@ -492,9 +364,6 @@ var (
 	_ImmReleaseContext       = imm32.NewProc("ImmReleaseContext")
 	_ImmSetCandidateWindow   = imm32.NewProc("ImmSetCandidateWindow")
 	_ImmSetCompositionWindow = imm32.NewProc("ImmSetCompositionWindow")
-
-	dwmapi                        = syscall.NewLazySystemDLL("dwmapi")
-	_DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea = dwmapi.NewProc("DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea")
 )
 
 func AdjustWindowRectEx(r *Rect, dwStyle uint32, bMenu int, dwExStyle uint32) {
@@ -515,10 +384,7 @@ func CloseClipboard() error {
 }
 
 func CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle uint32, lpClassName uint16, lpWindowName string, dwStyle uint32, x, y, w, h int32, hWndParent, hMenu, hInstance syscall.Handle, lpParam uintptr) (syscall.Handle, error) {
-	wname, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(lpWindowName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("CreateWindowEx failed: %v", err)
-	}
+	wname := syscall.StringToUTF16Ptr(lpWindowName)
 	hwnd, _, err := _CreateWindowEx.Call(
 		uintptr(dwExStyle),
 		uintptr(lpClassName),
@@ -536,31 +402,6 @@ func CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle uint32, lpClassName uint16, lpWindowName string, d
 	return syscall.Handle(hwnd), nil
 }
 
-func GetPointerInfo(pointerId uint32) (PointerInfo, error) {
-	var info PointerInfo
-	r1, _, err := _GetPointerInfo.Call(uintptr(pointerId), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&info)))
-	if r1 == 0 {
-		return PointerInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("GetPointerInfo failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	return info, nil
-}
-
-func RegisterTouchWindow(hwnd syscall.Handle, flags uint32) error {
-	r1, _, err := _RegisterTouchWindow.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(flags))
-	if r1 == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("RegisterTouchWindow failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func EnableMouseInPointer(enable uint) error {
-	r1, _, err := _EnableMouseInPointer.Call(uintptr(enable))
-	if r1 == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("EnableMouseInPointer failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func DefWindowProc(hwnd syscall.Handle, msg uint32, wparam, lparam uintptr) uintptr {
 	r, _, _ := _DefWindowProc.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(msg), wparam, lparam)
 	return r
@@ -574,14 +415,6 @@ func DispatchMessage(m *Msg) {
 	_DispatchMessage.Call(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(m)))
 }
 
-func DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea(hwnd syscall.Handle, margins Margins) error {
-	r, _, _ := _DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&margins)))
-	if r != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("DwmExtendFrameIntoClientArea: %#x", r)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func EmptyClipboard() error {
 	r, _, err := _EmptyClipboard.Call()
 	if r == 0 {
@@ -590,30 +423,12 @@ func EmptyClipboard() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func FindWindow(lpClassName string) (syscall.Handle, error) {
-	className, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(lpClassName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("FindWindow failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	hwnd, _, err := _FindWindow.Call(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(className)), 0)
-	if hwnd == 0 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("FindWindow failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	return syscall.Handle(hwnd), nil
-}
-
 func GetWindowRect(hwnd syscall.Handle) Rect {
 	var r Rect
 	_GetWindowRect.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&r)))
 	return r
 }
 
-func GetClientRect(hwnd syscall.Handle) Rect {
-	var r Rect
-	_GetClientRect.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&r)))
-	return r
-}
-
 func GetClipboardData(format uint32) (syscall.Handle, error) {
 	r, _, err := _GetClipboardData.Call(uintptr(format))
 	if r == 0 {
@@ -684,11 +499,6 @@ func GetMessageTime() time.Duration {
 	return time.Duration(r) * time.Millisecond
 }
 
-func GetSystemMetrics(nIndex int) int {
-	r, _, _ := _GetSystemMetrics.Call(uintptr(nIndex))
-	return int(r)
-}
-
 // GetWindowDPI returns the effective DPI of the window.
 func GetWindowDPI(hwnd syscall.Handle) int {
 	// Check for GetDpiForWindow, introduced in Windows 10.
@@ -784,7 +594,7 @@ func SetWindowPlacement(hwnd syscall.Handle, wp *WindowPlacement) {
 	_SetWindowPlacement.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(wp)))
 }
 
-func SetWindowPos(hwnd, hwndInsertAfter syscall.Handle, x, y, dx, dy int32, style uintptr) {
+func SetWindowPos(hwnd syscall.Handle, hwndInsertAfter uint32, x, y, dx, dy int32, style uintptr) {
 	_SetWindowPos.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(hwndInsertAfter),
 		uintptr(x), uintptr(y),
 		uintptr(dx), uintptr(dy),
@@ -793,10 +603,7 @@ func SetWindowPos(hwnd, hwndInsertAfter syscall.Handle, x, y, dx, dy int32, styl
 }
 
 func SetWindowText(hwnd syscall.Handle, title string) {
-	wname, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(title)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
+	wname := syscall.StringToUTF16Ptr(title)
 	_SetWindowText.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(wname)))
 }
 
@@ -912,14 +719,6 @@ func ReleaseDC(hdc syscall.Handle) {
 	_ReleaseDC.Call(uintptr(hdc))
 }
 
-func SendMessage(hwnd syscall.Handle, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) error {
-	r, _, err := _SendMessage.Call(uintptr(hwnd), uintptr(msg), wParam, lParam)
-	if r == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("SendMessage failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func SetForegroundWindow(hwnd syscall.Handle) {
 	_SetForegroundWindow.Call(uintptr(hwnd))
 }

app/internal/xkb/xkb_unix.go

@@ -136,10 +136,6 @@ func (x *Context) LoadKeymap(format int, fd int, size int) error {
 
 func (x *Context) Modifiers() key.Modifiers {
 	var mods key.Modifiers
-	if x.state == nil {
-		return mods
-	}
-
 	if C.xkb_state_mod_name_is_active(x.state, (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&_XKB_MOD_NAME_CTRL[0])), C.XKB_STATE_MODS_EFFECTIVE) == 1 {
 		mods |= key.ModCtrl
 	}
@@ -223,9 +219,6 @@ func (x *Context) charsForKeycode(keyCode C.xkb_keycode_t) []byte {
 }
 
 func (x *Context) IsRepeatKey(keyCode uint32) bool {
-	if x.state == nil {
-		return false
-	}
 	kc := C.xkb_keycode_t(keyCode)
 	return C.xkb_keymap_key_repeats(x.keyMap, kc) == 1
 }
@@ -238,17 +231,14 @@ func (x *Context) UpdateMask(depressed, latched, locked, depressedGroup, latched
 		C.xkb_layout_index_t(depressedGroup), C.xkb_layout_index_t(latchedGroup), C.xkb_layout_index_t(lockedGroup))
 }
 
-func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
+func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (string, bool) {
 	if 'a' <= s && s <= 'z' {
-		return key.Name(rune(s - 'a' + 'A')), true
-	}
-	if C.XKB_KEY_KP_0 <= s && s <= C.XKB_KEY_KP_9 {
-		return key.Name(rune(s - C.XKB_KEY_KP_0 + '0')), true
+		return string(rune(s - 'a' + 'A')), true
 	}
 	if ' ' < s && s <= '~' {
-		return key.Name(rune(s)), true
+		return string(rune(s)), true
 	}
-	var n key.Name
+	var n string
 	switch s {
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Escape:
 		n = key.NameEscape
@@ -258,6 +248,8 @@ func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameRightArrow
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Return:
 		n = key.NameReturn
+	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Enter:
+		n = key.NameEnter
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Up:
 		n = key.NameUpArrow
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Down:
@@ -298,9 +290,9 @@ func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameF11
 	case C.XKB_KEY_F12:
 		n = key.NameF12
-	case C.XKB_KEY_Tab, C.XKB_KEY_ISO_Left_Tab:
+	case C.XKB_KEY_Tab, C.XKB_KEY_KP_Tab, C.XKB_KEY_ISO_Left_Tab:
 		n = key.NameTab
-	case 0x20:
+	case 0x20, C.XKB_KEY_KP_Space:
 		n = key.NameSpace
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Control_L, C.XKB_KEY_Control_R:
 		n = key.NameCtrl
@@ -310,64 +302,6 @@ func convertKeysym(s C.xkb_keysym_t) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameAlt
 	case C.XKB_KEY_Super_L, C.XKB_KEY_Super_R:
 		n = key.NameSuper
-
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Space:
-		n = key.NameSpace
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Tab:
-		n = key.NameTab
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Enter:
-		n = key.NameEnter
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F1:
-		n = key.NameF1
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F2:
-		n = key.NameF2
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F3:
-		n = key.NameF3
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_F4:
-		n = key.NameF4
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Home:
-		n = key.NameHome
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Left:
-		n = key.NameLeftArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Up:
-		n = key.NameUpArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Right:
-		n = key.NameRightArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Down:
-		n = key.NameDownArrow
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Prior:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Next:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_End:
-		n = key.NameEnd
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Begin:
-		n = key.NameHome
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Insert:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Delete:
-		n = key.NameDeleteForward
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Multiply:
-		n = "*"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Add:
-		n = "+"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Separator:
-		// not supported
-		return "", false
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Subtract:
-		n = "-"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Decimal:
-		// TODO(dh): does a German keyboard layout also translate the numpad key to XKB_KEY_KP_DECIMAL? Because in
-		// German, the decimal is a comma, not a period.
-		n = "."
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Divide:
-		n = "/"
-	case C.XKB_KEY_KP_Equal:
-		n = "="
-
 	default:
 		return "", false
 	}

app/metal_darwin.go

@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 /*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fobjc-arc
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework QuartzCore -framework Metal
+#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fmodules -fobjc-arc
 
-#import <Metal/Metal.h>
-#import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+@import Metal;
+@import QuartzCore.CAMetalLayer;
 
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 
@@ -60,9 +59,8 @@ static void presentDrawable(CFTypeRef queueRef, CFTypeRef drawableRef) {
 		id<MTLDrawable> drawable = (__bridge id<MTLDrawable>)drawableRef;
 		id<MTLCommandQueue> queue = (__bridge id<MTLCommandQueue>)queueRef;
 		id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmdBuffer = [queue commandBuffer];
+		[cmdBuffer presentDrawable:drawable];
 		[cmdBuffer commit];
-		[cmdBuffer waitUntilScheduled];
-		[drawable present];
 	}
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ func newMtlContext(w *window) (*mtlContext, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("metal: CAMetalLayer construction failed")
 	}
 	queue := C.newCommandQueue(dev)
-	if queue == 0 {
+	if layer == 0 {
 		C.CFRelease(dev)
 		C.CFRelease(layer)
 		return nil, errors.New("metal: [MTLDevice newCommandQueue] failed")

app/metal_ios.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build !nometal
+// +build !nometal
 
 package app
 
@@ -20,10 +21,7 @@ Class gio_layerClass(void) {
 static CFTypeRef getMetalLayer(CFTypeRef viewRef) {
 	@autoreleasepool {
 		UIView *view = (__bridge UIView *)viewRef;
-		CAMetalLayer *l = (CAMetalLayer *)view.layer;
-		l.needsDisplayOnBoundsChange = YES;
-		l.presentsWithTransaction = YES;
-		return CFBridgingRetain(l);
+		return CFBridgingRetain(view.layer);
 	}
 }
 

app/metal_macos.go

@@ -6,19 +6,17 @@
 package app
 
 /*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fobjc-arc
+#cgo CFLAGS: -Werror -xobjective-c -fmodules -fobjc-arc
+
+@import AppKit;
+
+@import QuartzCore.CAMetalLayer;
 
-#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
-#import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 
-CALayer *gio_layerFactory(BOOL presentWithTrans) {
+CALayer *gio_layerFactory(void) {
 	@autoreleasepool {
-		CAMetalLayer *l = [CAMetalLayer layer];
-		l.autoresizingMask = kCALayerHeightSizable|kCALayerWidthSizable;
-		l.needsDisplayOnBoundsChange = YES;
-		l.presentsWithTransaction = presentWithTrans;
-		return l;
+		return [CAMetalLayer layer];
 	}
 }
 

app/os.go

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
 
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 
 	"gioui.org/gpu"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
@@ -43,15 +41,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	// CustomRenderer is true when the window content is rendered by the
 	// client.
 	CustomRenderer bool
+	// center is a flag used to center the window. Set by option.
+	center bool
 	// Decorated reports whether window decorations are provided automatically.
 	Decorated bool
-	// TopMost windows render above all other non-top-most windows.
-	TopMost bool
-	// Focused reports whether the window is focused.
-	Focused bool
-	// decoHeight is the height of the fallback decoration for platforms such
-	// as Wayland that may need fallback client-side decorations.
-	decoHeight unit.Dp
 }
 
 // ConfigEvent is sent whenever the configuration of a Window changes.
@@ -137,30 +130,8 @@ func (o Orientation) String() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// eventLoop implements the functionality required for drivers where
-// window event loops must run on a separate thread.
-type eventLoop struct {
-	win *callbacks
-	// wakeup is the callback to wake up the event loop.
-	wakeup func()
-	// driverFuncs is a channel of functions to run the next
-	// time the window loop waits for events.
-	driverFuncs chan func()
-	// invalidates is notified when an invalidate is requested by the client.
-	invalidates chan struct{}
-	// immediateInvalidates is an optimistic invalidates that doesn't require a wakeup.
-	immediateInvalidates chan struct{}
-	// events is where the platform backend delivers events bound for the
-	// user program.
-	events   chan event.Event
-	frames   chan *op.Ops
-	frameAck chan struct{}
-	// delivering avoids re-entrant event delivery.
-	delivering bool
-}
-
 type frameEvent struct {
-	FrameEvent
+	system.FrameEvent
 
 	Sync bool
 }
@@ -175,13 +146,9 @@ type context interface {
 	Unlock()
 }
 
-// driver is the interface for the platform implementation
+// Driver is the interface for the platform implementation
 // of a window.
 type driver interface {
-	// Event blocks until an event is available and returns it.
-	Event() event.Event
-	// Invalidate requests a FrameEvent.
-	Invalidate()
 	// SetAnimating sets the animation flag. When the window is animating,
 	// FrameEvents are delivered as fast as the display can handle them.
 	SetAnimating(anim bool)
@@ -192,27 +159,27 @@ type driver interface {
 	// ReadClipboard requests the clipboard content.
 	ReadClipboard()
 	// WriteClipboard requests a clipboard write.
-	WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte)
+	WriteClipboard(s string)
 	// Configure the window.
 	Configure([]Option)
 	// SetCursor updates the current cursor to name.
 	SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor)
+	// Raise the window at the top.
+	Raise()
+	// Close the window.
+	Close()
+	// Wakeup wakes up the event loop and sends a WakeupEvent.
+	Wakeup()
 	// Perform actions on the window.
 	Perform(system.Action)
 	// EditorStateChanged notifies the driver that the editor state changed.
 	EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState)
-	// Run a function on the window thread.
-	Run(f func())
-	// Frame receives a frame.
-	Frame(frame *op.Ops)
-	// ProcessEvent processes an event.
-	ProcessEvent(e event.Event)
 }
 
 type windowRendezvous struct {
-	in      chan windowAndConfig
-	out     chan windowAndConfig
-	windows chan struct{}
+	in   chan windowAndConfig
+	out  chan windowAndConfig
+	errs chan error
 }
 
 type windowAndConfig struct {
@@ -222,137 +189,32 @@ type windowAndConfig struct {
 
 func newWindowRendezvous() *windowRendezvous {
 	wr := &windowRendezvous{
-		in:      make(chan windowAndConfig),
-		out:     make(chan windowAndConfig),
-		windows: make(chan struct{}),
+		in:   make(chan windowAndConfig),
+		out:  make(chan windowAndConfig),
+		errs: make(chan error),
 	}
 	go func() {
-		in := wr.in
-		var window windowAndConfig
+		var main windowAndConfig
 		var out chan windowAndConfig
 		for {
 			select {
-			case w := <-in:
-				window = w
+			case w := <-wr.in:
+				var err error
+				if main.window != nil {
+					err = errors.New("multiple windows are not supported")
+				}
+				wr.errs <- err
+				main = w
 				out = wr.out
-			case out <- window:
+			case out <- main:
 			}
 		}
 	}()
 	return wr
 }
 
-func newEventLoop(w *callbacks, wakeup func()) *eventLoop {
-	return &eventLoop{
-		win:                  w,
-		wakeup:               wakeup,
-		events:               make(chan event.Event),
-		invalidates:          make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		immediateInvalidates: make(chan struct{}),
-		frames:               make(chan *op.Ops),
-		frameAck:             make(chan struct{}),
-		driverFuncs:          make(chan func(), 1),
-	}
-}
-
-// Frame receives a frame and waits for its processing. It is called by
-// the client goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	e.frames <- frame
-	<-e.frameAck
-}
-
-// Event returns the next available event. It is called by the client
-// goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Event() event.Event {
-	for {
-		evt := <-e.events
-		// Receiving a flushEvent indicates to the platform backend that
-		// all previous events have been processed by the user program.
-		if _, ok := evt.(flushEvent); ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		return evt
-	}
-}
-
-// Invalidate requests invalidation of the window. It is called by the client
-// goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Invalidate() {
-	select {
-	case e.immediateInvalidates <- struct{}{}:
-		// The event loop was waiting, no need for a wakeup.
-	case e.invalidates <- struct{}{}:
-		// The event loop is sleeping, wake it up.
-		e.wakeup()
-	default:
-		// A redraw is pending.
-	}
-}
-
-// Run f in the window loop thread. It is called by the client goroutine.
-func (e *eventLoop) Run(f func()) {
-	e.driverFuncs <- f
-	e.wakeup()
-}
-
-// FlushEvents delivers pending events to the client.
-func (e *eventLoop) FlushEvents() {
-	if e.delivering {
-		return
-	}
-	e.delivering = true
-	defer func() { e.delivering = false }()
-	for {
-		evt, ok := e.win.nextEvent()
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-		e.deliverEvent(evt)
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *eventLoop) deliverEvent(evt event.Event) {
-	var frames <-chan *op.Ops
-	for {
-		select {
-		case f := <-e.driverFuncs:
-			f()
-		case frame := <-frames:
-			// The client called FrameEvent.Frame.
-			frames = nil
-			e.win.ProcessFrame(frame, e.frameAck)
-		case e.events <- evt:
-			switch evt.(type) {
-			case flushEvent, DestroyEvent:
-				// DestroyEvents are not flushed.
-				return
-			case FrameEvent:
-				frames = e.frames
-			}
-			evt = theFlushEvent
-		case <-e.invalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		case <-e.immediateInvalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *eventLoop) Wakeup() {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case f := <-e.driverFuncs:
-			f()
-		case <-e.invalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		case <-e.immediateInvalidates:
-			e.win.Invalidate()
-		default:
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
+func (wakeupEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
+func (ConfigEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
 
 func walkActions(actions system.Action, do func(system.Action)) {
 	for a := system.Action(1); actions != 0; a <<= 1 {
@@ -362,6 +224,3 @@ func walkActions(actions system.Action, do func(system.Action)) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func (wakeupEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
-func (ConfigEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}

app/os_android.go

@@ -123,29 +123,24 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
-	"io"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/cgo"
 	"runtime/debug"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf16"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
-
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
+	"gioui.org/io/router"
 	"gioui.org/io/semantic"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
@@ -153,28 +148,26 @@ import (
 
 type window struct {
 	callbacks *callbacks
-	loop      *eventLoop
 
 	view   C.jobject
 	handle cgo.Handle
 
 	dpi       int
 	fontScale float32
-	insets    pixelInsets
+	insets    system.Insets
 
-	visible   bool
+	stage     system.Stage
 	started   bool
 	animating bool
 
-	win       *C.ANativeWindow
-	config    Config
-	inputHint key.InputHint
+	win    *C.ANativeWindow
+	config Config
 
 	semantic struct {
-		hoverID input.SemanticID
-		rootID  input.SemanticID
-		focusID input.SemanticID
-		diffs   []input.SemanticID
+		hoverID router.SemanticID
+		rootID  router.SemanticID
+		focusID router.SemanticID
+		diffs   []router.SemanticID
 	}
 }
 
@@ -202,13 +195,9 @@ var gioView struct {
 	updateCaret        C.jmethodID
 }
 
-type pixelInsets struct {
-	top, bottom, left, right int
-}
-
-// AndroidViewEvent is sent whenever the Window's underlying Android view
+// ViewEvent is sent whenever the Window's underlying Android view
 // changes.
-type AndroidViewEvent struct {
+type ViewEvent struct {
 	// View is a JNI global reference to the android.view.View
 	// instance backing the Window. The reference is valid until
 	// the next ViewEvent is received.
@@ -218,6 +207,8 @@ type AndroidViewEvent struct {
 
 type jvalue uint64 // The largest JNI type fits in 64 bits.
 
+var dataDirChan = make(chan string, 1)
+
 var android struct {
 	// mu protects all fields of this structure. However, once a
 	// non-nil jvm is returned from javaVM, all the other fields may
@@ -293,7 +284,8 @@ var mainWindow = newWindowRendezvous()
 var mainFuncs = make(chan func(env *C.JNIEnv), 1)
 
 var (
-	dataPath string
+	dataDirOnce sync.Once
+	dataPath    string
 )
 
 var (
@@ -318,7 +310,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 func (w *window) NewContext() (context, error) {
-	funcs := []func(w *window) (context, error){newAndroidGLESContext, newAndroidVulkanContext}
+	funcs := []func(w *window) (context, error){newAndroidVulkanContext, newAndroidGLESContext}
 	var firstErr error
 	for _, f := range funcs {
 		if f == nil {
@@ -340,9 +332,23 @@ func (w *window) NewContext() (context, error) {
 }
 
 func dataDir() (string, error) {
-	if dataPath == "" {
-		panic("DataDir isn't valid before main")
-	}
+	dataDirOnce.Do(func() {
+		dataPath = <-dataDirChan
+		// Set XDG_CACHE_HOME to make os.UserCacheDir work.
+		if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CACHE_HOME"); !exists {
+			cachePath := filepath.Join(dataPath, "cache")
+			os.Setenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", cachePath)
+		}
+		// Set XDG_CONFIG_HOME to make os.UserConfigDir work.
+		if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME"); !exists {
+			cfgPath := filepath.Join(dataPath, "config")
+			os.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", cfgPath)
+		}
+		// Set HOME to make os.UserHomeDir work.
+		if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("HOME"); !exists {
+			os.Setenv("HOME", dataPath)
+		}
+	})
 	return dataPath, nil
 }
 
@@ -379,23 +385,7 @@ func Java_org_gioui_Gio_runGoMain(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, jdataDir C.jbyt
 	}
 	n := C.jni_GetArrayLength(env, jdataDir)
 	dataDir := C.GoStringN((*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(dirBytes)), n)
-
-	// Set XDG_CACHE_HOME to make os.UserCacheDir work.
-	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CACHE_HOME"); !exists {
-		cachePath := filepath.Join(dataDir, "cache")
-		os.Setenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", cachePath)
-	}
-	// Set XDG_CONFIG_HOME to make os.UserConfigDir work.
-	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME"); !exists {
-		cfgPath := filepath.Join(dataDir, "config")
-		os.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", cfgPath)
-	}
-	// Set HOME to make os.UserHomeDir work.
-	if _, exists := os.LookupEnv("HOME"); !exists {
-		os.Setenv("HOME", dataDir)
-	}
-
-	dataPath = dataDir
+	dataDirChan <- dataDir
 	C.jni_ReleaseByteArrayElements(env, jdataDir, dirBytes)
 
 	runMain()
@@ -489,30 +479,24 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onCreateView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.j
 	})
 	view = C.jni_NewGlobalRef(env, view)
 	wopts := <-mainWindow.out
-	var cnf Config
 	w, ok := windows[wopts.window]
 	if !ok {
 		w = &window{
 			callbacks: wopts.window,
 		}
-		w.loop = newEventLoop(w.callbacks, w.wakeup)
-		w.callbacks.SetDriver(w)
-		cnf.apply(unit.Metric{}, wopts.options)
 		windows[wopts.window] = w
-	} else {
-		cnf = w.config
 	}
-	mainWindow.windows <- struct{}{}
 	if w.view != 0 {
 		w.detach(env)
 	}
 	w.view = view
-	w.visible = false
 	w.handle = cgo.NewHandle(w)
+	w.callbacks.SetDriver(w)
 	w.loadConfig(env, class)
-	w.setConfig(env, cnf)
-	w.SetInputHint(w.inputHint)
-	w.processEvent(AndroidViewEvent{View: uintptr(view)})
+	w.Configure(wopts.options)
+	w.SetInputHint(key.HintAny)
+	w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
+	w.callbacks.Event(ViewEvent{View: uintptr(view)})
 	return C.jlong(w.handle)
 }
 
@@ -526,7 +510,7 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onDestroyView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onStopView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
 	w.started = false
-	w.visible = false
+	w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onStartView
@@ -542,7 +526,7 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onStartView(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onSurfaceDestroyed(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
 	w.win = nil
-	w.visible = false
+	w.setStage(system.StagePaused)
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onSurfaceChanged
@@ -564,7 +548,9 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onLowMemory(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass) {
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onConfigurationChanged(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
 	w.loadConfig(env, class)
-	w.draw(env, true)
+	if w.stage >= system.StageRunning {
+		w.draw(env, true)
+	}
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFrameCallback
@@ -573,13 +559,21 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFrameCallback(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view
 	if !exist {
 		return
 	}
-	w.draw(env, false)
+	if w.stage < system.StageRunning {
+		return
+	}
+	if w.animating {
+		w.draw(env, false)
+		callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.postFrameCallback)
+	}
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onBack
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onBack(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong) C.jboolean {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
-	if w.processEvent(key.Event{Name: key.NameBack}) {
+	ev := &system.CommandEvent{Type: system.CommandBack}
+	w.callbacks.Event(ev)
+	if ev.Cancel {
 		return C.JNI_TRUE
 	}
 	return C.JNI_FALSE
@@ -588,20 +582,21 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onBack(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong)
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFocusChange
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onFocusChange(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong, focus C.jboolean) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
-	w.config.Focused = focus == C.JNI_TRUE
-	w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	w.callbacks.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: focus == C.JNI_TRUE})
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onWindowInsets
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onWindowInsets(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong, top, right, bottom, left C.jint) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(view).Value().(*window)
-	w.insets = pixelInsets{
-		top:    int(top),
-		bottom: int(bottom),
-		left:   int(left),
-		right:  int(right),
+	w.insets = system.Insets{
+		Top:    unit.Px(float32(top)),
+		Bottom: unit.Px(float32(bottom)),
+		Left:   unit.Px(float32(left)),
+		Right:  unit.Px(float32(right)),
+	}
+	if w.stage >= system.StageRunning {
+		w.draw(env, true)
 	}
-	w.draw(env, true)
 }
 
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_initializeAccessibilityNodeInfo
@@ -662,44 +657,7 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onClearA11yFocus(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view
 	}
 }
 
-//export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onOpenURI
-func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onOpenURI(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, view C.jlong, uri C.jstring) {
-	evt, err := newURLEvent(goString(env, uri))
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	processGlobalEvent(evt)
-}
-
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
-	w.processEvent(e)
-}
-
-func (w *window) processEvent(e event.Event) bool {
-	if !w.callbacks.ProcessEvent(e) {
-		return false
-	}
-	w.loop.FlushEvents()
-	return true
-}
-
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
-	return w.loop.Event()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	w.loop.Invalidate()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	w.loop.Run(f)
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.loop.Frame(frame)
-}
-
-func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem input.SemanticNode, off image.Point, info C.jobject) error {
+func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem router.SemanticNode, off image.Point, info C.jobject) error {
 	for _, ch := range sem.Children {
 		err := callVoidMethod(env, info, android.accessibilityNodeInfo.addChild, jvalue(w.view), jvalue(w.virtualIDFor(ch.ID)))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -742,7 +700,7 @@ func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem input.SemanticNode
 			panic(err)
 		}
 	}
-	if d.Gestures&input.ClickGesture != 0 {
+	if d.Gestures&router.ClickGesture != 0 {
 		addAction(ACTION_CLICK)
 	}
 	clsName := android.strings.androidViewView
@@ -787,23 +745,25 @@ func (w *window) initAccessibilityNodeInfo(env *C.JNIEnv, sem input.SemanticNode
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (w *window) virtualIDFor(id input.SemanticID) C.jint {
+func (w *window) virtualIDFor(id router.SemanticID) C.jint {
+	// TODO: Android virtual IDs are 32-bit Java integers, but childID is a int64.
 	if id == w.semantic.rootID {
 		return HOST_VIEW_ID
 	}
 	return C.jint(id)
 }
 
-func (w *window) semIDFor(virtID C.jint) input.SemanticID {
+func (w *window) semIDFor(virtID C.jint) router.SemanticID {
 	if virtID == HOST_VIEW_ID {
 		return w.semantic.rootID
 	}
-	return input.SemanticID(virtID)
+	return router.SemanticID(virtID)
 }
 
 func (w *window) detach(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 	callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.unregister)
-	w.processEvent(AndroidViewEvent{})
+	w.callbacks.Event(ViewEvent{})
+	w.callbacks.SetDriver(nil)
 	w.handle.Delete()
 	C.jni_DeleteGlobalRef(env, w.view)
 	w.view = 0
@@ -814,10 +774,18 @@ func (w *window) setVisible(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 	if width == 0 || height == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	w.visible = true
+	w.setStage(system.StageRunning)
 	w.draw(env, true)
 }
 
+func (w *window) setStage(stage system.Stage) {
+	if stage == w.stage {
+		return
+	}
+	w.stage = stage
+	w.callbacks.Event(system.StageEvent{stage})
+}
+
 func (w *window) setVisual(visID int) error {
 	if C.ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry(w.win, 0, 0, C.int32_t(visID)) != 0 {
 		return errors.New("ANativeWindow_setBuffersGeometry failed")
@@ -854,31 +822,21 @@ func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
 }
 
 func (w *window) draw(env *C.JNIEnv, sync bool) {
-	if !w.visible {
-		return
-	}
 	size := image.Pt(int(C.ANativeWindow_getWidth(w.win)), int(C.ANativeWindow_getHeight(w.win)))
 	if size != w.config.Size {
 		w.config.Size = size
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.callbacks.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
 	if size.X == 0 || size.Y == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 	const inchPrDp = 1.0 / 160
 	ppdp := float32(w.dpi) * inchPrDp
-	dppp := unit.Dp(1.0 / ppdp)
-	insets := Insets{
-		Top:    unit.Dp(w.insets.top) * dppp,
-		Bottom: unit.Dp(w.insets.bottom) * dppp,
-		Left:   unit.Dp(w.insets.left) * dppp,
-		Right:  unit.Dp(w.insets.right) * dppp,
-	}
-	w.processEvent(frameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
+	w.callbacks.Event(frameEvent{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
 			Now:    time.Now(),
 			Size:   w.config.Size,
-			Insets: insets,
+			Insets: w.insets,
 			Metric: unit.Metric{
 				PxPerDp: ppdp,
 				PxPerSp: w.fontScale * ppdp,
@@ -886,9 +844,6 @@ func (w *window) draw(env *C.JNIEnv, sync bool) {
 		},
 		Sync: sync,
 	})
-	if w.animating {
-		callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.postFrameCallback)
-	}
 	a11yActive, err := callBooleanMethod(env, w.view, gioView.isA11yActive)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
@@ -912,6 +867,8 @@ func (w *window) draw(env *C.JNIEnv, sync bool) {
 	}
 }
 
+type keyMapper func(devId, keyCode C.int32_t) rune
+
 func runInJVM(jvm *C.JavaVM, f func(env *C.JNIEnv)) {
 	if jvm == nil {
 		panic("nil JVM")
@@ -932,8 +889,8 @@ func runInJVM(jvm *C.JavaVM, f func(env *C.JNIEnv)) {
 	f(env)
 }
 
-func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (key.Name, bool) {
-	var n key.Name
+func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (string, bool) {
+	var n string
 	switch code {
 	case C.AKEYCODE_FORWARD_DEL:
 		n = key.NameDeleteForward
@@ -951,14 +908,6 @@ func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (key.Name, bool) {
 		n = key.NameAlt
 	case C.AKEYCODE_META_LEFT, C.AKEYCODE_META_RIGHT:
 		n = key.NameSuper
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_UP:
-		n = key.NameUpArrow
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN:
-		n = key.NameDownArrow
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT:
-		n = key.NameLeftArrow
-	case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT:
-		n = key.NameRightArrow
 	default:
 		return "", false
 	}
@@ -968,16 +917,26 @@ func convertKeyCode(code C.jint) (key.Name, bool) {
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onKeyEvent
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onKeyEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong, keyCode, r C.jint, pressed C.jboolean, t C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
-	if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE && keyCode == C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER {
-		w.callbacks.ClickFocus()
-		return
+	if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE {
+		switch keyCode {
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_UP:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusUp)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusDown)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusLeft)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT:
+			w.callbacks.MoveFocus(router.FocusRight)
+		case C.AKEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER:
+			w.callbacks.ClickFocus()
+		}
 	}
 	if n, ok := convertKeyCode(keyCode); ok {
 		state := key.Release
 		if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE {
 			state = key.Press
 		}
-		w.processEvent(key.Event{Name: n, State: state})
+		w.callbacks.Event(key.Event{Name: n, State: state})
 	}
 	if pressed == C.JNI_TRUE && r != 0 && r != '\n' { // Checking for "\n" to prevent duplication with key.NameEnter (gio#224).
 		w.callbacks.EditorInsert(string(rune(r)))
@@ -987,18 +946,18 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onKeyEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.j
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_onTouchEvent
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onTouchEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong, action, pointerID, tool C.jint, x, y, scrollX, scrollY C.jfloat, jbtns C.jint, t C.jlong) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
-	var kind pointer.Kind
+	var typ pointer.Type
 	switch action {
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
-		kind = pointer.Press
+		typ = pointer.Press
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP, C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP:
-		kind = pointer.Release
+		typ = pointer.Release
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL:
-		kind = pointer.Cancel
+		typ = pointer.Cancel
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
-		kind = pointer.Move
+		typ = pointer.Move
 	case C.AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL:
-		kind = pointer.Scroll
+		typ = pointer.Scroll
 	default:
 		return
 	}
@@ -1027,8 +986,8 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_onTouchEvent(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C
 	default:
 		return
 	}
-	w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+	w.callbacks.Event(pointer.Event{
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    src,
 		Buttons:   btns,
 		PointerID: pointer.ID(pointerID),
@@ -1098,12 +1057,6 @@ func Java_org_gioui_GioView_imeSnippetStart(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handl
 //export Java_org_gioui_GioView_imeSetSnippet
 func Java_org_gioui_GioView_imeSetSnippet(env *C.JNIEnv, class C.jclass, handle C.jlong, start, end C.jint) {
 	w := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*window)
-	if start < 0 {
-		start = 0
-	}
-	if end < start {
-		end = start
-	}
 	r := key.Range{Start: int(start), End: int(end)}
 	w.callbacks.SetEditorSnippet(r)
 }
@@ -1179,41 +1132,22 @@ func (w *window) ShowTextInput(show bool) {
 }
 
 func (w *window) SetInputHint(mode key.InputHint) {
-	w.inputHint = mode
-
 	// Constants defined at https://developer.android.com/reference/android/text/InputType.
 	const (
-		TYPE_NULL = 0
-
-		TYPE_CLASS_TEXT                   = 1
-		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 32
-		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI           = 16
-		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD      = 128
-		TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES      = 16384
-		TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT       = 32768
-
-		TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER        = 2
-		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL = 8192
-		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED  = 4096
-
-		TYPE_CLASS_PHONE = 3
+		TYPE_NULL                            = 0
+		TYPE_CLASS_TEXT                      = 1
+		TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER                    = 2
+		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL             = 8192
+		TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED              = 4096
+		TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS        = 524288
+		TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD = 144
 	)
 
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 		var m jvalue
 		switch mode {
-		case key.HintText:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT | TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES
 		case key.HintNumeric:
 			m = TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER | TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL | TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED
-		case key.HintEmail:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS
-		case key.HintURL:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI
-		case key.HintTelephone:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_PHONE
-		case key.HintPassword:
-			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT | TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD
 		default:
 			m = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT
 		}
@@ -1325,17 +1259,16 @@ func findClass(env *C.JNIEnv, name string) C.jclass {
 }
 
 func osMain() {
-	select {}
 }
 
-func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	mainWindow.in <- windowAndConfig{window, options}
-	<-mainWindow.windows
+	return <-mainWindow.errs
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
-		jstr := javaString(env, string(s))
+		jstr := javaString(env, s)
 		callStaticVoidMethod(env, android.gioCls, android.mwriteClipboard,
 			jvalue(android.appCtx), jvalue(jstr))
 	})
@@ -1349,68 +1282,62 @@ func (w *window) ReadClipboard() {
 			return
 		}
 		content := goString(env, C.jstring(c))
-		w.processEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
-			Type: "application/text",
-			Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(content))
-			},
-		})
+		w.callbacks.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: content})
 	})
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
-	cnf := w.config
-	cnf.apply(unit.Metric{}, options)
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
-		w.setConfig(env, cnf)
+		prev := w.config
+		cnf := w.config
+		cnf.apply(unit.Metric{}, options)
+		// Decorations are never disabled.
+		cnf.Decorated = true
+
+		if prev.Orientation != cnf.Orientation {
+			w.config.Orientation = cnf.Orientation
+			setOrientation(env, w.view, cnf.Orientation)
+		}
+		if prev.NavigationColor != cnf.NavigationColor {
+			w.config.NavigationColor = cnf.NavigationColor
+			setNavigationColor(env, w.view, cnf.NavigationColor)
+		}
+		if prev.StatusColor != cnf.StatusColor {
+			w.config.StatusColor = cnf.StatusColor
+			setStatusColor(env, w.view, cnf.StatusColor)
+		}
+		if prev.Mode != cnf.Mode {
+			switch cnf.Mode {
+			case Fullscreen:
+				callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_TRUE)
+				w.config.Mode = Fullscreen
+			case Windowed:
+				callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_FALSE)
+				w.config.Mode = Windowed
+			}
+		}
+		if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
+			w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
+		}
+		if w.config != prev {
+			w.callbacks.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		}
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) setConfig(env *C.JNIEnv, cnf Config) {
-	prev := w.config
-	// Decorations are never disabled.
-	cnf.Decorated = true
-
-	if prev.Orientation != cnf.Orientation {
-		w.config.Orientation = cnf.Orientation
-		setOrientation(env, w.view, cnf.Orientation)
-	}
-	if prev.NavigationColor != cnf.NavigationColor {
-		w.config.NavigationColor = cnf.NavigationColor
-		setNavigationColor(env, w.view, cnf.NavigationColor)
-	}
-	if prev.StatusColor != cnf.StatusColor {
-		w.config.StatusColor = cnf.StatusColor
-		setStatusColor(env, w.view, cnf.StatusColor)
-	}
-	if prev.Mode != cnf.Mode {
-		switch cnf.Mode {
-		case Fullscreen:
-			callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_TRUE)
-			w.config.Mode = Fullscreen
-		case Windowed:
-			callVoidMethod(env, w.view, gioView.setFullscreen, C.JNI_FALSE)
-			w.config.Mode = Windowed
-		}
-	}
-	if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
-		w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
-	}
-	w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
-}
-
 func (w *window) Perform(system.Action) {}
 
+func (w *window) Raise() {}
+
 func (w *window) SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor) {
 	runInJVM(javaVM(), func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
 		setCursor(env, w.view, cursor)
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) wakeup() {
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
 	runOnMain(func(env *C.JNIEnv) {
-		w.loop.Wakeup()
-		w.loop.FlushEvents()
+		w.callbacks.Event(wakeupEvent{})
 	})
 }
 
@@ -1479,6 +1406,9 @@ func setNavigationColor(env *C.JNIEnv, view C.jobject, color color.NRGBA) {
 	)
 }
 
+// Close the window. Not implemented for Android.
+func (w *window) Close() {}
+
 // runOnMain runs a function on the Java main thread.
 func runOnMain(f func(env *C.JNIEnv)) {
 	go func() {
@@ -1501,8 +1431,4 @@ func Java_org_gioui_Gio_scheduleMainFuncs(env *C.JNIEnv, cls C.jclass) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (AndroidViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
-func (AndroidViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}
-func (a AndroidViewEvent) Valid() bool {
-	return a != (AndroidViewEvent{})
-}
+func (_ ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}

app/os_darwin.go

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ package app
 /*
 #include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
-__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_runOnMain(uintptr_t h);
-__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(void);
+__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_wakeupMainThread(void);
+__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(uintptr_t handle);
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_releaseDisplayLink(CFTypeRef dl);
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) int gio_startDisplayLink(CFTypeRef dl);
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) int gio_stopDisplayLink(CFTypeRef dl);
@@ -40,11 +40,9 @@ static CFTypeRef newNSString(unichar *chars, NSUInteger length) {
 }
 */
 import "C"
-
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"runtime/cgo"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf16"
@@ -72,28 +70,30 @@ type displayLink struct {
 	running uint32
 }
 
-// displayLinks maps CFTypeRefs to *displayLinks.
-var displayLinks sync.Map
-
-func isMainThread() bool {
-	return bool(C.isMainThread())
-}
+var mainFuncs = make(chan func(), 1)
 
 // runOnMain runs the function on the main thread.
 func runOnMain(f func()) {
-	if isMainThread() {
+	if C.isMainThread() {
 		f()
 		return
 	}
-	C.gio_runOnMain(C.uintptr_t(cgo.NewHandle(f)))
+	go func() {
+		mainFuncs <- f
+		C.gio_wakeupMainThread()
+	}()
 }
 
-//export gio_runFunc
-func gio_runFunc(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	handle := cgo.Handle(h)
-	defer handle.Delete()
-	f := handle.Value().(func())
-	f()
+//export gio_dispatchMainFuncs
+func gio_dispatchMainFuncs() {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case f := <-mainFuncs:
+			f()
+		default:
+			return
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // nsstringToString converts a NSString to a Go string.
@@ -121,25 +121,25 @@ func stringToNSString(str string) C.CFTypeRef {
 	return C.newNSString(chars, C.NSUInteger(len(u16)))
 }
 
-func newDisplayLink(callback func()) (*displayLink, error) {
+func NewDisplayLink(callback func()) (*displayLink, error) {
 	d := &displayLink{
 		callback: callback,
 		done:     make(chan struct{}),
 		states:   make(chan bool),
 		dids:     make(chan uint64),
 	}
-	dl := C.gio_createDisplayLink()
+	h := cgo.NewHandle(d)
+	dl := C.gio_createDisplayLink(C.uintptr_t(h))
 	if dl == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("app: failed to create display link")
 	}
-	go d.run(dl)
+	go d.run(dl, h)
 	return d, nil
 }
 
-func (d *displayLink) run(dl C.CFTypeRef) {
+func (d *displayLink) run(dl C.CFTypeRef, h cgo.Handle) {
 	defer C.gio_releaseDisplayLink(dl)
-	displayLinks.Store(dl, d)
-	defer displayLinks.Delete(dl)
+	defer h.Delete()
 	var stopTimer *time.Timer
 	var tchan <-chan time.Time
 	started := false
@@ -200,14 +200,10 @@ func (d *displayLink) SetDisplayID(did uint64) {
 }
 
 //export gio_onFrameCallback
-func gio_onFrameCallback(ref C.CFTypeRef) {
-	d, exists := displayLinks.Load(ref)
-	if !exists {
-		return
-	}
-	dl := d.(*displayLink)
-	if atomic.LoadUint32(&dl.running) != 0 {
-		dl.callback()
+func gio_onFrameCallback(dl C.CFTypeRef, handle C.uintptr_t) {
+	d := cgo.Handle(handle).Value().(*displayLink)
+	if atomic.LoadUint32(&d.running) != 0 {
+		d.callback()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -257,9 +253,8 @@ func windowSetCursor(from, to pointer.Cursor) pointer.Cursor {
 	return to
 }
 
-func (w *window) wakeup() {
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
 	runOnMain(func() {
-		w.loop.Wakeup()
-		w.loop.FlushEvents()
+		w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
 	})
 }

app/os_darwin.m

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
-#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+@import Dispatch;
+@import Foundation;
 
 #include "_cgo_export.h"
 
-void gio_runOnMain(uintptr_t h) {
+void gio_wakeupMainThread(void) {
 	dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
-		gio_runFunc(h);
+		gio_dispatchMainFuncs();
 	});
 }

app/os_ios.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build darwin && ios
+// +build darwin,ios
 
 package app
 
@@ -11,9 +12,6 @@ package app
 #include <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) int gio_applicationMain(int argc, char *argv[]);
-__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) void gio_viewSetHandle(CFTypeRef viewRef, uintptr_t handle);
-
 struct drawParams {
 	CGFloat dpi, sdpi;
 	CGFloat width, height;
@@ -21,7 +19,6 @@ struct drawParams {
 };
 
 static void writeClipboard(unichar *chars, NSUInteger length) {
-#if !TARGET_OS_TV
 	@autoreleasepool {
 		NSString *s = [NSString string];
 		if (length > 0) {
@@ -30,18 +27,13 @@ static void writeClipboard(unichar *chars, NSUInteger length) {
 		UIPasteboard *p = UIPasteboard.generalPasteboard;
 		p.string = s;
 	}
-#endif
 }
 
 static CFTypeRef readClipboard(void) {
-#if !TARGET_OS_TV
 	@autoreleasepool {
 		UIPasteboard *p = UIPasteboard.generalPasteboard;
 		return (__bridge_retained CFTypeRef)p.string;
 	}
-#else
-	return nil;
-#endif
 }
 
 static void showTextInput(CFTypeRef viewRef) {
@@ -80,27 +72,21 @@ import "C"
 
 import (
 	"image"
-	"io"
-	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"runtime/cgo"
 	"runtime/debug"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf16"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
-type UIKitViewEvent struct {
+type ViewEvent struct {
 	// ViewController is a CFTypeRef for the UIViewController backing a Window.
 	ViewController uintptr
 }
@@ -109,17 +95,18 @@ type window struct {
 	view        C.CFTypeRef
 	w           *callbacks
 	displayLink *displayLink
-	loop        *eventLoop
 
-	hidden bool
-	cursor pointer.Cursor
-	config Config
+	visible bool
+	cursor  pointer.Cursor
+	config  Config
 
 	pointerMap []C.CFTypeRef
 }
 
 var mainWindow = newWindowRendezvous()
 
+var views = make(map[C.CFTypeRef]*window)
+
 func init() {
 	// Darwin requires UI operations happen on the main thread only.
 	runtime.LockOSThread()
@@ -127,99 +114,85 @@ func init() {
 
 //export onCreate
 func onCreate(view, controller C.CFTypeRef) {
-	wopts := <-mainWindow.out
 	w := &window{
 		view: view,
-		w:    wopts.window,
 	}
-	w.loop = newEventLoop(w.w, w.wakeup)
-	w.w.SetDriver(w)
-	mainWindow.windows <- struct{}{}
-	dl, err := newDisplayLink(func() {
+	dl, err := NewDisplayLink(func() {
 		w.draw(false)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		w.w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: err})
-		return
+		panic(err)
 	}
 	w.displayLink = dl
-	C.gio_viewSetHandle(view, C.uintptr_t(cgo.NewHandle(w)))
+	wopts := <-mainWindow.out
+	w.w = wopts.window
+	w.w.SetDriver(w)
+	views[view] = w
 	w.Configure(wopts.options)
-	w.ProcessEvent(UIKitViewEvent{ViewController: uintptr(controller)})
-}
-
-func viewFor(h C.uintptr_t) *window {
-	return cgo.Handle(h).Value().(*window)
+	w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StagePaused})
+	w.w.Event(ViewEvent{ViewController: uintptr(controller)})
 }
 
 //export gio_onDraw
-func gio_onDraw(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
+func gio_onDraw(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	w := views[view]
 	w.draw(true)
 }
 
 func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
-	if w.hidden {
-		return
-	}
 	params := C.viewDrawParams(w.view)
 	if params.width == 0 || params.height == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	const inchPrDp = 1.0 / 163
-	m := unit.Metric{
-		PxPerDp: float32(params.dpi) * inchPrDp,
-		PxPerSp: float32(params.sdpi) * inchPrDp,
+	wasVisible := w.visible
+	w.visible = true
+	if !wasVisible {
+		w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StageRunning})
 	}
-	dppp := unit.Dp(1. / m.PxPerDp)
-	w.ProcessEvent(frameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
+	const inchPrDp = 1.0 / 163
+	w.w.Event(frameEvent{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
 			Now: time.Now(),
 			Size: image.Point{
 				X: int(params.width + .5),
 				Y: int(params.height + .5),
 			},
-			Insets: Insets{
-				Top:    unit.Dp(params.top) * dppp,
-				Bottom: unit.Dp(params.bottom) * dppp,
-				Left:   unit.Dp(params.left) * dppp,
-				Right:  unit.Dp(params.right) * dppp,
+			Insets: system.Insets{
+				Top:    unit.Px(float32(params.top)),
+				Bottom: unit.Px(float32(params.bottom)),
+				Left:   unit.Px(float32(params.left)),
+				Right:  unit.Px(float32(params.right)),
+			},
+			Metric: unit.Metric{
+				PxPerDp: float32(params.dpi) * inchPrDp,
+				PxPerSp: float32(params.sdpi) * inchPrDp,
 			},
-			Metric: m,
 		},
 		Sync: sync,
 	})
 }
 
 //export onStop
-func onStop(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
-	w.hidden = true
-}
-
-//export onStart
-func onStart(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
-	w.hidden = false
-	w.draw(true)
+func onStop(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	w := views[view]
+	w.visible = false
+	w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StagePaused})
 }
 
 //export onDestroy
-func onDestroy(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
-	w.ProcessEvent(UIKitViewEvent{})
-	w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{})
+func onDestroy(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	w := views[view]
+	delete(views, view)
+	w.w.Event(ViewEvent{})
+	w.w.Event(system.DestroyEvent{})
 	w.displayLink.Close()
-	w.displayLink = nil
-	cgo.Handle(h).Delete()
 	w.view = 0
 }
 
 //export onFocus
-func onFocus(h C.uintptr_t, focus int) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
-	w.config.Focused = focus != 0
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+func onFocus(view C.CFTypeRef, focus int) {
+	w := views[view]
+	w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: focus != 0})
 }
 
 //export onLowMemory
@@ -229,56 +202,56 @@ func onLowMemory() {
 }
 
 //export onUpArrow
-func onUpArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameUpArrow)
+func onUpArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameUpArrow)
 }
 
 //export onDownArrow
-func onDownArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameDownArrow)
+func onDownArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameDownArrow)
 }
 
 //export onLeftArrow
-func onLeftArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameLeftArrow)
+func onLeftArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameLeftArrow)
 }
 
 //export onRightArrow
-func onRightArrow(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameRightArrow)
+func onRightArrow(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameRightArrow)
 }
 
 //export onDeleteBackward
-func onDeleteBackward(h C.uintptr_t) {
-	viewFor(h).onKeyCommand(key.NameDeleteBackward)
+func onDeleteBackward(view C.CFTypeRef) {
+	views[view].onKeyCommand(key.NameDeleteBackward)
 }
 
 //export onText
-func onText(h C.uintptr_t, str C.CFTypeRef) {
-	w := viewFor(h)
+func onText(view, str C.CFTypeRef) {
+	w := views[view]
 	w.w.EditorInsert(nsstringToString(str))
 }
 
 //export onTouch
-func onTouch(h C.uintptr_t, last C.int, touchRef C.CFTypeRef, phase C.NSInteger, x, y C.CGFloat, ti C.double) {
-	var kind pointer.Kind
+func onTouch(last C.int, view, touchRef C.CFTypeRef, phase C.NSInteger, x, y C.CGFloat, ti C.double) {
+	var typ pointer.Type
 	switch phase {
 	case C.UITouchPhaseBegan:
-		kind = pointer.Press
+		typ = pointer.Press
 	case C.UITouchPhaseMoved:
-		kind = pointer.Move
+		typ = pointer.Move
 	case C.UITouchPhaseEnded:
-		kind = pointer.Release
+		typ = pointer.Release
 	case C.UITouchPhaseCancelled:
-		kind = pointer.Cancel
+		typ = pointer.Cancel
 	default:
 		return
 	}
-	w := viewFor(h)
+	w := views[view]
 	t := time.Duration(float64(ti) * float64(time.Second))
 	p := f32.Point{X: float32(x), Y: float32(y)}
-	w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    pointer.Touch,
 		PointerID: w.lookupTouch(last != 0, touchRef),
 		Position:  p,
@@ -290,16 +263,11 @@ func (w *window) ReadClipboard() {
 	cstr := C.readClipboard()
 	defer C.CFRelease(cstr)
 	content := nsstringToString(cstr)
-	w.ProcessEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
-		Type: "application/text",
-		Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-			return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(content))
-		},
-	})
+	w.w.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: content})
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
-	u16 := utf16.Encode([]rune(string(s)))
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
+	u16 := utf16.Encode([]rune(s))
 	var chars *C.unichar
 	if len(u16) > 0 {
 		chars = (*C.unichar)(unsafe.Pointer(&u16[0]))
@@ -308,16 +276,25 @@ func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure([]Option) {
+	prev := w.config
 	// Decorations are never disabled.
 	w.config.Decorated = true
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if w.config != prev {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	}
 }
 
 func (w *window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {}
 
 func (w *window) Perform(system.Action) {}
 
+func (w *window) Raise() {}
+
 func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
+	v := w.view
+	if v == 0 {
+		return
+	}
 	if anim {
 		w.displayLink.Start()
 	} else {
@@ -329,8 +306,8 @@ func (w *window) SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor) {
 	w.cursor = windowSetCursor(w.cursor, cursor)
 }
 
-func (w *window) onKeyCommand(name key.Name) {
-	w.ProcessEvent(key.Event{
+func (w *window) onKeyCommand(name string) {
+	w.w.Event(key.Event{
 		Name: name,
 	})
 }
@@ -369,88 +346,20 @@ func (w *window) ShowTextInput(show bool) {
 
 func (w *window) SetInputHint(_ key.InputHint) {}
 
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
-	w.w.ProcessEvent(e)
-	w.loop.FlushEvents()
-}
+// Close the window. Not implemented for iOS.
+func (w *window) Close() {}
 
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
-	return w.loop.Event()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	w.loop.Invalidate()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	w.loop.Run(f)
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.loop.Frame(frame)
-}
-
-func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	mainWindow.in <- windowAndConfig{win, options}
-	<-mainWindow.windows
+	return <-mainWindow.errs
 }
 
-var mainMode = mainModeUndefined
-
-const (
-	mainModeUndefined = iota
-	mainModeExe
-	mainModeLibrary
-)
-
 func osMain() {
-	switch mainMode {
-	case mainModeUndefined:
-		if !isMainThread() {
-			panic("app.Main must be run on the main goroutine")
-		}
-
-		mainMode = mainModeExe
-		var argv []*C.char
-		for _, arg := range os.Args {
-			a := C.CString(arg)
-			defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(a))
-			argv = append(argv, a)
-		}
-		C.gio_applicationMain(C.int(len(argv)), unsafe.SliceData(argv))
-	case mainModeExe:
-		panic("app.Main may be called only once")
-	case mainModeLibrary:
-		// Do nothing, we're embedded as a library.
-	}
-	select {}
-}
-
-//export gio_onOpenURI
-func gio_onOpenURI(uri C.CFTypeRef) {
-	evt, err := newURLEvent(nsstringToString(uri))
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	processGlobalEvent(evt)
 }
 
 //export gio_runMain
 func gio_runMain() {
-	if !isMainThread() {
-		panic("app.Main must be run on the main goroutine")
-	}
-	switch mainMode {
-	case mainModeUndefined:
-		mainMode = mainModeLibrary
-		runMain()
-	case mainModeExe:
-		// Do nothing, main has already been called.
-	}
+	runMain()
 }
 
-func (UIKitViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
-func (UIKitViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}
-func (u UIKitViewEvent) Valid() bool {
-	return u != (UIKitViewEvent{})
-}
+func (_ ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}

app/os_ios.m

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) Class gio_layerClass(void);
 
 @interface GioView: UIView <UIKeyInput>
-@property uintptr_t handle;
 @end
 
 @implementation GioViewController
@@ -26,13 +25,12 @@ CGFloat _keyboardHeight;
 	self.view.layoutMargins = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0);
 	UIView *drawView = [[GioView alloc] initWithFrame:zeroFrame];
 	[self.view addSubview: drawView];
-#if !TARGET_OS_TV
+#ifndef TARGET_OS_TV
 	drawView.multipleTouchEnabled = YES;
 #endif
 	drawView.preservesSuperviewLayoutMargins = YES;
 	drawView.layoutMargins = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0);
 	onCreate((__bridge CFTypeRef)drawView, (__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
-#if !TARGET_OS_TV
 	[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
 											 selector:@selector(keyboardWillChange:)
 												 name:UIKeyboardWillShowNotification
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@ CGFloat _keyboardHeight;
 											 selector:@selector(keyboardWillHide:)
 												 name:UIKeyboardWillHideNotification
 											   object:nil];
-#endif
 	[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver: self
 											 selector: @selector(applicationDidEnterBackground:)
 												 name: UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification
@@ -57,33 +54,33 @@ CGFloat _keyboardHeight;
 }
 
 - (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application {
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
-	if (view != nil) {
-		onStart(view.handle);
+	UIView *drawView = self.view.subviews[0];
+	if (drawView != nil) {
+		gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)drawView);
 	}
 }
 
 - (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application {
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
-	if (view != nil) {
-		onStop(view.handle);
+	UIView *drawView = self.view.subviews[0];
+	if (drawView != nil) {
+		onStop((__bridge CFTypeRef)drawView);
 	}
 }
 
 - (void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
 	[super viewDidDisappear:animated];
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
-	onDestroy(view.handle);
+	CFTypeRef viewRef = (__bridge CFTypeRef)self.view.subviews[0];
+	onDestroy(viewRef);
 }
 
 - (void)viewDidLayoutSubviews {
 	[super viewDidLayoutSubviews];
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)self.view.subviews[0];
+	UIView *view = self.view.subviews[0];
 	CGRect frame = self.view.bounds;
 	// Adjust view bounds to make room for the keyboard.
 	frame.size.height -= _keyboardHeight;
 	view.frame = frame;
-	gio_onDraw(view.handle);
+	gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)view);
 }
 
 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
@@ -91,7 +88,6 @@ CGFloat _keyboardHeight;
 	[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
 }
 
-#if !TARGET_OS_TV
 - (void)keyboardWillChange:(NSNotification *)note {
 	NSDictionary *userInfo = note.userInfo;
 	CGRect f = [userInfo[UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] CGRectValue];
@@ -103,13 +99,13 @@ CGFloat _keyboardHeight;
 	_keyboardHeight = 0.0;
 	[self.view setNeedsLayout];
 }
-#endif
 @end
 
-static void handleTouches(int last, GioView *view, NSSet<UITouch *> *touches, UIEvent *event) {
+static void handleTouches(int last, UIView *view, NSSet<UITouch *> *touches, UIEvent *event) {
 	CGFloat scale = view.contentScaleFactor;
 	NSUInteger i = 0;
 	NSUInteger n = [touches count];
+	CFTypeRef viewRef = (__bridge CFTypeRef)view;
 	for (UITouch *touch in touches) {
 		CFTypeRef touchRef = (__bridge CFTypeRef)touch;
 		i++;
@@ -120,84 +116,45 @@ static void handleTouches(int last, GioView *view, NSSet<UITouch *> *touches, UI
 			CGPoint loc = [coalescedTouch locationInView:view];
 			j++;
 			int lastTouch = last && i == n && j == m;
-			onTouch(view.handle, lastTouch, touchRef, touch.phase, loc.x*scale, loc.y*scale, [coalescedTouch timestamp]);
+			onTouch(lastTouch, viewRef, touchRef, touch.phase, loc.x*scale, loc.y*scale, [coalescedTouch timestamp]);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 @implementation GioView
 NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
-+ (void)onFrameCallback:(CADisplayLink *)link {
-       gio_onFrameCallback((__bridge CFTypeRef)link);
-}
 + (Class)layerClass {
     return gio_layerClass();
 }
 - (void)willMoveToWindow:(UIWindow *)newWindow {
-	self.contentScaleFactor = newWindow.screen.nativeScale;
-    if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
-        [self registerSceneNotifications:newWindow];
-    }else{
-        [self registerWindowNotifications:newWindow];
-    }
-}
-
-- (void)registerSceneNotifications:(UIWindow *)newWindow {
-        if (self.window != nil) {
-            [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self
-                                                  name:UISceneDidActivateNotification
-                                                  object:self.window.windowScene];
-            [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self
-                                                  name:UISceneWillDeactivateNotification
-                                                  object:self.window.windowScene];
-        }
-        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
-                                              selector:@selector(onSceneDidActivate:)
-                                              name:UISceneDidActivateNotification
-                                              object:newWindow.windowScene];
-
-        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
-                                              selector:@selector(onSceneWillDeactivate:)
-                                              name:UISceneWillDeactivateNotification
-                                              object:newWindow.windowScene];
-}
-
-- (void)onSceneDidActivate:(NSNotification *)note API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)){
-    onFocus(self.handle, YES);
-}
-
-- (void)onSceneWillDeactivate:(NSNotification *)note API_AVAILABLE(ios(13.0)){
-    onFocus(self.handle, NO);
-}
-
-- (void)registerWindowNotifications:(UIWindow *)newWindow {
 	if (self.window != nil) {
 		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self
-											  name:UIWindowDidBecomeKeyNotification
-										      object:self.window];
+														name:UIWindowDidBecomeKeyNotification
+													  object:self.window];
 		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self
-											  name:UIWindowDidResignKeyNotification
-											  object:self.window];
+														name:UIWindowDidResignKeyNotification
+													  object:self.window];
 	}
+	self.contentScaleFactor = newWindow.screen.nativeScale;
 	[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
-										  selector:@selector(onWindowDidBecomeKey:)
-										  name:UIWindowDidBecomeKeyNotification
-										  object:newWindow];
+											 selector:@selector(onWindowDidBecomeKey:)
+												 name:UIWindowDidBecomeKeyNotification
+											   object:newWindow];
 	[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
-										  selector:@selector(onWindowDidResignKey:)
-										  name:UIWindowDidResignKeyNotification
-										  object:newWindow];
+											 selector:@selector(onWindowDidResignKey:)
+												 name:UIWindowDidResignKeyNotification
+											   object:newWindow];
 }
 
 - (void)onWindowDidBecomeKey:(NSNotification *)note {
 	if (self.isFirstResponder) {
-		onFocus(self.handle, YES);
+		onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, YES);
 	}
 }
 
 - (void)onWindowDidResignKey:(NSNotification *)note {
 	if (self.isFirstResponder) {
-		onFocus(self.handle, NO);
+		onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, NO);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -218,7 +175,7 @@ NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
 }
 
 - (void)insertText:(NSString *)text {
-	onText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)text);
+	onText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)text);
 }
 
 - (BOOL)canBecomeFirstResponder {
@@ -230,23 +187,23 @@ NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
 }
 
 - (void)deleteBackward {
-	onDeleteBackward(self.handle);
+	onDeleteBackward((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onUpArrow {
-	onUpArrow(self.handle);
+	onUpArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onDownArrow {
-	onDownArrow(self.handle);
+	onDownArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onLeftArrow {
-	onLeftArrow(self.handle);
+	onLeftArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (void)onRightArrow {
-	onRightArrow(self.handle);
+	onRightArrow((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 
 - (NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *)keyCommands {
@@ -270,8 +227,23 @@ NSArray<UIKeyCommand *> *_keyCommands;
 }
 @end
 
-CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(void) {
-	CADisplayLink *dl = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:[GioView class] selector:@selector(onFrameCallback:)];
+@interface DisplayLinkHandle : NSObject {
+}
+@property uintptr_t handle;
+@end
+
+@implementation DisplayLinkHandle {
+}
+
+- (void)onFrameCallback:(CADisplayLink *)link {
+	gio_onFrameCallback((__bridge CFTypeRef)link, _handle);
+}
+@end
+
+CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(uintptr_t handle) {
+	DisplayLinkHandle *h = [DisplayLinkHandle alloc];
+	h.handle = handle;
+	CADisplayLink *dl = [CADisplayLink displayLinkWithTarget:h selector:@selector(onFrameCallback:)];
 	dl.paused = YES;
 	NSRunLoop *runLoop = [NSRunLoop mainRunLoop];
 	[dl addToRunLoop:runLoop forMode:[runLoop currentMode]];
@@ -311,32 +283,3 @@ void gio_showCursor() {
 void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 	// Not supported.
 }
-
-void gio_viewSetHandle(CFTypeRef viewRef, uintptr_t handle) {
-	GioView *v = (__bridge GioView *)viewRef;
-	v.handle = handle;
-}
-
-@interface _gioAppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>
-@property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;
-@end
-
-@implementation _gioAppDelegate
-- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
-	self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
-	GioViewController *controller = [[GioViewController alloc] initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];
-	self.window.rootViewController = controller;
-	[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
-	return YES;
-}
-- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)app openURL:(NSURL *)url options:(NSDictionary<UIApplicationOpenURLOptionsKey, id> *)options {
-    gio_onOpenURI((__bridge CFTypeRef)url.absoluteString);
-	return YES;
-}
-@end
-
-int gio_applicationMain(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-	@autoreleasepool {
-		return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([_gioAppDelegate class]));
-	}
-}

app/os_js.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
-	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall/js"
 	"time"
@@ -14,28 +13,16 @@ import (
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 )
 
-type JSViewEvent struct {
-	Element js.Value
-}
-
-type contextStatus int
-
-const (
-	contextStatusOkay contextStatus = iota
-	contextStatusLost
-	contextStatusRestored
-)
+type ViewEvent struct{}
 
 type window struct {
 	window                js.Value
@@ -53,10 +40,12 @@ type window struct {
 	screenOrientation     js.Value
 	cleanfuncs            []func()
 	touches               []js.Value
-	composing             int
-	lastCursor            int
+	composing             bool
 	requestFocus          bool
 
+	chanAnimation chan struct{}
+	chanRedraw    chan struct{}
+
 	config    Config
 	inset     f32.Point
 	scale     float32
@@ -65,11 +54,9 @@ type window struct {
 	// is pending.
 	animRequested bool
 	wakeups       chan struct{}
-
-	contextStatus contextStatus
 }
 
-func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	doc := js.Global().Get("document")
 	cont := getContainer(doc)
 	cnv := createCanvas(doc)
@@ -84,10 +71,7 @@ func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
 		head:      doc.Get("head"),
 		clipboard: js.Global().Get("navigator").Get("clipboard"),
 		wakeups:   make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		w:         win,
-		composing: -1,
 	}
-	w.w.SetDriver(w)
 	w.requestAnimationFrame = w.window.Get("requestAnimationFrame")
 	w.browserHistory = w.window.Get("history")
 	w.visualViewport = w.window.Get("visualViewport")
@@ -97,28 +81,41 @@ func newWindow(win *callbacks, options []Option) {
 	if screen := w.window.Get("screen"); screen.Truthy() {
 		w.screenOrientation = screen.Get("orientation")
 	}
+	w.chanAnimation = make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	w.chanRedraw = make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	w.redraw = w.funcOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		w.draw(false)
+		w.chanAnimation <- struct{}{}
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.clipboardCallback = w.funcOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		content := args[0].String()
-		w.processEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
-			Type: "application/text",
-			Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(content))
-			},
-		})
+		go win.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: content})
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListeners()
 	w.addHistory()
+	w.w = win
 
-	w.Configure(options)
-	w.blur()
-	w.processEvent(JSViewEvent{Element: cont})
-	w.resize()
-	w.draw(true)
+	go func() {
+		defer w.cleanup()
+		w.w.SetDriver(w)
+		w.Configure(options)
+		w.blur()
+		w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: system.StageRunning})
+		w.resize()
+		w.draw(true)
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-w.wakeups:
+				w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
+			case <-w.chanAnimation:
+				w.animCallback()
+			case <-w.chanRedraw:
+				w.draw(true)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	return nil
 }
 
 func getContainer(doc js.Value) js.Value {
@@ -132,10 +129,8 @@ func getContainer(doc js.Value) js.Value {
 }
 
 func createTextArea(doc js.Value) js.Value {
-	tarea := doc.Call("createElement", "textarea")
+	tarea := doc.Call("createElement", "input")
 	style := tarea.Get("style")
-	// Position absolute so left/top coordinates actually place the element
-	style.Set("position", "absolute")
 	style.Set("width", "1px")
 	style.Set("height", "1px")
 	style.Set("opacity", "0")
@@ -145,12 +140,6 @@ func createTextArea(doc js.Value) js.Value {
 	tarea.Set("autocorrect", "off")
 	tarea.Set("autocapitalize", "off")
 	tarea.Set("spellcheck", false)
-	// Enable multiline text input for better composition support on some browsers.
-	tarea.Set("rows", 1)
-	style.Set("resize", "none")
-	style.Set("overflow", "hidden")
-	style.Set("white-space", "pre-wrap")
-	style.Set("word-break", "normal")
 	return tarea
 }
 
@@ -173,25 +162,9 @@ func (w *window) cleanup() {
 }
 
 func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
-	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "webglcontextlost", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		args[0].Call("preventDefault")
-		w.contextStatus = contextStatusLost
-		return nil
-	})
-	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "webglcontextrestored", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		args[0].Call("preventDefault")
-		w.contextStatus = contextStatusRestored
-
-		// Resize is required to force update the canvas content when restored.
-		w.cnv.Set("width", 0)
-		w.cnv.Set("height", 0)
-		w.resize()
-		w.draw(true)
-		return nil
-	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.visualViewport, "resize", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		w.resize()
-		w.draw(true)
+		w.chanRedraw <- struct{}{}
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.window, "contextmenu", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
@@ -199,11 +172,25 @@ func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.window, "popstate", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		if w.processEvent(key.Event{Name: key.NameBack}) {
+		ev := &system.CommandEvent{Type: system.CommandBack}
+		w.w.Event(ev)
+		if ev.Cancel {
 			return w.browserHistory.Call("forward")
 		}
+
 		return w.browserHistory.Call("back")
 	})
+	w.addEventListener(w.document, "visibilitychange", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+		ev := system.StageEvent{}
+		switch w.document.Get("visibilityState").String() {
+		case "hidden", "prerender", "unloaded":
+			ev.Stage = system.StagePaused
+		default:
+			ev.Stage = system.StageRunning
+		}
+		w.w.Event(ev)
+		return nil
+	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "mousemove", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		w.pointerEvent(pointer.Move, 0, 0, args[0])
 		return nil
@@ -223,10 +210,6 @@ func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
 	w.addEventListener(w.cnv, "wheel", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
 		e := args[0]
 		dx, dy := e.Get("deltaX").Float(), e.Get("deltaY").Float()
-		// horizontal scroll if shift is pressed.
-		if e.Get("shiftKey").Bool() {
-			dx, dy = dy, dx
-		}
 		mode := e.Get("deltaMode").Int()
 		switch mode {
 		case 0x01: // DOM_DELTA_LINE
@@ -261,28 +244,18 @@ func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
 			w.touches[i] = js.Null()
 		}
 		w.touches = w.touches[:0]
-		w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
-			Kind:   pointer.Cancel,
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
+			Type:   pointer.Cancel,
 			Source: pointer.Touch,
 		})
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "focus", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		w.config.Focused = true
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: true})
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "blur", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		if w.composing != -1 {
-			// If we're composing, try to cancel.
-			// On Javascript is not possible to cancel the composition once started.
-			w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: -1, End: -1})
-			w.composing = -1
-		}
-
-		w.config.Focused = false
-		w.lastCursor = 0 // Reset cursor tracking on blur
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: false})
 		w.blur()
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -295,205 +268,19 @@ func (w *window) addEventListeners() {
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "compositionstart", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		st := w.w.EditorState()
-		sel := st.Selection.Range
-		if sel.Start == -1 {
-			sel.Start = 0
-			sel.End = 0
-		}
-		w.w.SetEditorSnippet(key.Range{Start: sel.Start, End: sel.End})
-		w.composing = sel.Start
+		w.composing = true
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "compositionend", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		finalText := w.tarea.Get("value").String()
-
-		if w.composing != -1 && finalText != "" {
-			// Replace the entire composition range with the final text.
-			compEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(finalText)
-			replaceRange := key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: compEnd}
-			w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, finalText)
-			w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: -1, End: -1})
-
-			// Position cursor after the final composition text.
-			newEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(finalText)
-			w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newEnd, End: newEnd})
-		}
-
-		w.composing = -1
-		w.tarea.Set("value", "")
+		w.composing = false
+		w.flushInput()
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "input", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		e := args[0]
-		inputType := e.Get("inputType").String()
-
-		dataVal := e.Get("data")
-		var data string
-		if dataVal.Truthy() {
-			data = dataVal.String()
+		if w.composing {
+			return nil
 		}
-
-		// Get the current textarea value.
-		tareaValue := w.tarea.Get("value").String()
-		st := w.w.EditorState()
-
-		sel := st.Selection.Range
-		var absStart, absEnd int
-
-		snippetStart := st.Snippet.Range.Start
-		snippetEnd := st.Snippet.Range.End
-
-		cursorPos := sel.Start
-		selectionEnd := sel.End
-		if cursorPos < 0 {
-			cursorPos = 0
-			selectionEnd = 0
-		}
-
-		// Check if we need to expand the snippet to include the range.
-		if st.Snippet.Range.Start == 0 && st.Snippet.Range.End == 0 && tareaValue != "" {
-			// Empty snippet - set it to include the selection/cursor.
-			w.w.SetEditorSnippet(key.Range{Start: cursorPos, End: selectionEnd})
-			absStart = cursorPos
-			absEnd = selectionEnd
-		} else if cursorPos < snippetStart || selectionEnd > snippetEnd {
-			// Selection is outside the snippet
-			newStart := snippetStart
-			newEnd := snippetEnd
-			if cursorPos < newStart {
-				newStart = cursorPos
-			}
-			if selectionEnd > newEnd {
-				newEnd = selectionEnd
-			}
-			w.w.SetEditorSnippet(key.Range{Start: newStart, End: newEnd})
-			// Refresh state after snippet update.
-			st = w.w.EditorState()
-			// Use the selection range directly.
-			absStart = cursorPos
-			absEnd = selectionEnd
-		} else {
-			// Selection is within snippet to absolute positions.
-			absStart = cursorPos
-			absEnd = selectionEnd
-		}
-
-		switch inputType {
-		case "insertCompositionText":
-			if w.composing == -1 {
-				break
-			}
-
-			compEnd := absEnd
-			if compEnd < w.composing {
-				compEnd = w.composing
-			}
-			replaceRange := key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: compEnd}
-			w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, data)
-
-			newEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(data)
-			w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: newEnd})
-			w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newEnd, End: newEnd})
-
-		case "deleteContentBackward", "deleteContentForward", "deleteByCut":
-			if w.composing != -1 {
-				compEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(tareaValue)
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: compEnd}
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, tareaValue)
-
-				newEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(tareaValue)
-				w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: newEnd})
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newEnd, End: newEnd})
-			} else {
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: absStart, End: absEnd}
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, "")
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: absStart, End: absStart})
-			}
-
-		case "insertReplacementText":
-			if w.composing != -1 {
-				// During composition, replace the entire composition.
-				compEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(data)
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: compEnd}
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, data)
-
-				newEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(data)
-				w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: -1, End: -1})
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newEnd, End: newEnd})
-				w.composing = -1
-				w.lastCursor = newEnd
-			} else {
-				// Safari sends "insertReplacementText" for autocorrect, but the cursor is at the end of the word, so we need to find the word start.
-				insertLen := utf8.RuneCountInString(data)
-				wordStart := absStart
-
-				if absStart > snippetStart {
-					relPos := absStart - snippetStart
-					snippetRunes := []rune(st.Snippet.Text)
-
-					for i := relPos - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-						if i >= len(snippetRunes) {
-							continue
-						}
-						r := snippetRunes[i]
-						if r == ' ' || r == '\t' || r == '\n' || r == '\r' {
-							break
-						}
-						wordStart = snippetStart + i
-					}
-				}
-
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: wordStart, End: absStart}
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, data)
-
-				newCursor := wordStart + insertLen
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newCursor, End: newCursor})
-				w.lastCursor = newCursor
-			}
-
-		case "insertText":
-			if w.composing != -1 {
-				compEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(data)
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: compEnd}
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, data)
-
-				newEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(data)
-				w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: -1, End: -1})
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newEnd, End: newEnd})
-				w.composing = -1
-				w.lastCursor = newEnd
-			} else {
-				insertLen := utf8.RuneCountInString(data)
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: absStart, End: absStart}
-				if absStart != absEnd {
-					replaceRange = key.Range{Start: absStart, End: absEnd}
-				}
-
-				newCursor := replaceRange.Start + insertLen
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, data)
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newCursor, End: newCursor})
-				w.lastCursor = newCursor
-			}
-
-		default: // paste and other input types
-			if w.composing != -1 {
-				compEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(tareaValue)
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: compEnd}
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, tareaValue)
-
-				newEnd := w.composing + utf8.RuneCountInString(tareaValue)
-				w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: w.composing, End: newEnd})
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newEnd, End: newEnd})
-			} else {
-				replaceRange := key.Range{Start: absStart, End: absEnd}
-				w.w.EditorReplace(replaceRange, tareaValue)
-
-				newCursor := absStart + utf8.RuneCountInString(tareaValue)
-				w.w.SetEditorSelection(key.Range{Start: newCursor, End: newCursor})
-			}
-		}
-
+		w.flushInput()
 		return nil
 	})
 	w.addEventListener(w.tarea, "paste", func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
@@ -510,6 +297,12 @@ func (w *window) addHistory() {
 	w.browserHistory.Call("pushState", nil, nil, w.window.Get("location").Get("href"))
 }
 
+func (w *window) flushInput() {
+	val := w.tarea.Get("value").String()
+	w.tarea.Set("value", "")
+	w.w.EditorInsert(string(val))
+}
+
 func (w *window) blur() {
 	w.tarea.Call("blur")
 	w.requestFocus = false
@@ -535,104 +328,24 @@ func (w *window) keyboard(hint key.InputHint) {
 		m = "url"
 	case key.HintTelephone:
 		m = "tel"
-	case key.HintPassword:
-		m = "password"
 	default:
 		m = "text"
 	}
 	w.tarea.Set("inputMode", m)
-
-	// Update autocomplete / autocorrect attributes.
-	var autocomplete, autocorrect, autocapitalize string
-	var spellcheck bool
-
-	switch hint {
-	case key.HintAny, key.HintText:
-		autocomplete, autocorrect, autocapitalize, spellcheck = "on", "on", "on", true
-	case key.HintEmail:
-		autocomplete, autocorrect, autocapitalize, spellcheck = "email", "off", "off", false
-	case key.HintURL:
-		autocomplete, autocorrect, autocapitalize, spellcheck = "url", "off", "off", false
-	case key.HintTelephone:
-		autocomplete, autocorrect, autocapitalize, spellcheck = "tel", "off", "off", false
-	case key.HintPassword:
-		autocomplete, autocorrect, autocapitalize, spellcheck = "current-password", "off", "off", false
-	default: // key.HintNumeric and others
-		autocomplete, autocorrect, autocapitalize, spellcheck = "off", "off", "off", false
-	}
-
-	w.tarea.Set("autocomplete", autocomplete)
-	w.tarea.Set("autocorrect", autocorrect)
-	w.tarea.Set("autocapitalize", autocapitalize)
-	w.tarea.Set("spellcheck", spellcheck)
 }
 
 func (w *window) keyEvent(e js.Value, ks key.State) {
 	k := e.Get("key").String()
-
 	if n, ok := translateKey(k); ok {
-		if ks == key.Press {
-			isMod := n == key.NameAlt || n == key.NameCommand || n == key.NameCtrl || n == key.NameShift || n == key.NameSuper
-			isFunc := n == key.NameUpArrow || n == key.NameDownArrow || n == key.NameLeftArrow || n == key.NameRightArrow ||
-				n == key.NamePageUp || n == key.NamePageDown || n == key.NameHome || n == key.NameEnd ||
-				n == key.NameEscape || n == key.NameReturn || n == key.NameEnter || n == key.NameTab ||
-				n == key.NameDeleteBackward || n == key.NameDeleteForward
-
-			if isMod || isFunc {
-				// Gio will request the browser to change the selection/carret position natively.
-				e.Call("preventDefault")
-			}
-		}
-
 		cmd := key.Event{
 			Name:      n,
 			Modifiers: modifiersFor(e),
 			State:     ks,
 		}
-		w.processEvent(cmd)
+		w.w.Event(cmd)
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
-	w.processEvent(e)
-}
-
-func (w *window) processEvent(e event.Event) bool {
-	if !w.w.ProcessEvent(e) {
-		return false
-	}
-	select {
-	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
-	default:
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (w *window) Event() event.Event {
-	for {
-		evt, ok := w.w.nextEvent()
-		if ok {
-			if _, destroy := evt.(DestroyEvent); destroy {
-				w.cleanup()
-			}
-			return evt
-		}
-		<-w.wakeups
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *window) Invalidate() {
-	w.w.Invalidate()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Run(f func()) {
-	f()
-}
-
-func (w *window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.w.ProcessFrame(frame, nil)
-}
-
 // modifiersFor returns the modifier set for a DOM MouseEvent or
 // KeyEvent.
 func modifiersFor(e js.Value) key.Modifiers {
@@ -650,16 +363,10 @@ func modifiersFor(e js.Value) key.Modifiers {
 	if e.Call("getModifierState", "Shift").Bool() {
 		mods |= key.ModShift
 	}
-	if e.Call("getModifierState", "Meta").Bool() {
-		mods |= key.ModCommand
-	}
-	if e.Call("getModifierState", "OS").Bool() {
-		mods |= key.ModSuper
-	}
 	return mods
 }
 
-func (w *window) touchEvent(kind pointer.Kind, e js.Value) {
+func (w *window) touchEvent(typ pointer.Type, e js.Value) {
 	e.Call("preventDefault")
 	t := time.Duration(e.Get("timeStamp").Int()) * time.Millisecond
 	changedTouches := e.Get("changedTouches")
@@ -676,9 +383,6 @@ func (w *window) touchEvent(kind pointer.Kind, e js.Value) {
 	if e.Get("ctrlKey").Bool() {
 		mods |= key.ModCtrl
 	}
-	if e.Get("metaKey").Bool() {
-		mods |= key.ModCommand
-	}
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 		touch := changedTouches.Index(i)
 		pid := w.touchIDFor(touch)
@@ -689,8 +393,8 @@ func (w *window) touchEvent(kind pointer.Kind, e js.Value) {
 			X: float32(x) * scale,
 			Y: float32(y) * scale,
 		}
-		w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
-			Kind:      kind,
+		w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
+			Type:      typ,
 			Source:    pointer.Touch,
 			Position:  pos,
 			PointerID: pid,
@@ -712,7 +416,7 @@ func (w *window) touchIDFor(touch js.Value) pointer.ID {
 	return pid
 }
 
-func (w *window) pointerEvent(kind pointer.Kind, dx, dy float32, e js.Value) {
+func (w *window) pointerEvent(typ pointer.Type, dx, dy float32, e js.Value) {
 	e.Call("preventDefault")
 	x, y := e.Get("clientX").Float(), e.Get("clientY").Float()
 	rect := w.cnv.Call("getBoundingClientRect")
@@ -739,8 +443,8 @@ func (w *window) pointerEvent(kind pointer.Kind, dx, dy float32, e js.Value) {
 	if jbtns&4 != 0 {
 		btns |= pointer.ButtonTertiary
 	}
-	w.processEvent(pointer.Event{
-		Kind:      kind,
+	w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
+		Type:      typ,
 		Source:    pointer.Mouse,
 		Buttons:   btns,
 		Position:  pos,
@@ -766,91 +470,19 @@ func (w *window) funcOf(f func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{}) js.F
 	return jsf
 }
 
-func (w *window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {
-	if w.composing != -1 {
-		// Do not interfere with browser state while composing.
-		// On Javascript is not possible to cancel the composition once started!
-		return
+func (w *window) animCallback() {
+	anim := w.animating
+	w.animRequested = anim
+	if anim {
+		w.requestAnimationFrame.Invoke(w.redraw)
 	}
-
-	// Update textarea value to match the snippet.
-	if old.Snippet != new.Snippet {
-		w.tarea.Set("value", new.Snippet.Text)
-	}
-
-	// Update selection to match Gio's selection.
-	if old.Selection.Range != new.Selection.Range || old.Snippet != new.Snippet {
-		if new.Selection.Range.Start != -1 && new.Selection.Range.End != -1 {
-			// Calculate selection positions relative to snippet start.
-			// The textarea contains only the snippet text.
-			snippetStart := new.Snippet.Range.Start
-			snippetEnd := new.Snippet.Range.End
-
-			selStart := new.Selection.Range.Start
-			selEnd := new.Selection.Range.End
-			if selStart < snippetStart {
-				selStart = snippetStart
-			}
-			if selStart > snippetEnd {
-				selStart = snippetEnd
-			}
-			if selEnd < snippetStart {
-				selEnd = snippetStart
-			}
-			if selEnd > snippetEnd {
-				selEnd = snippetEnd
-			}
-
-			// Convert absolute rune positions to UTF-16 positions for the textarea.
-			startUTF16 := new.UTF16Index(selStart)
-			endUTF16 := new.UTF16Index(selEnd)
-
-			// Convert to snippet-relative UTF-16 positions.
-			snippetStartUTF16 := new.UTF16Index(snippetStart)
-			start := startUTF16 - snippetStartUTF16
-			end := endUTF16 - snippetStartUTF16
-
-			if start < 0 {
-				start = 0
-			}
-			if end < 0 {
-				end = 0
-			}
-
-			// Calculate max UTF-16 length of snippet text.
-			textLen := new.UTF16Index(snippetEnd) - snippetStartUTF16
-			if start > textLen {
-				start = textLen
-			}
-			if end > textLen {
-				end = textLen
-			}
-
-			if start > end {
-				start, end = end, start
-			}
-
-			w.tarea.Set("selectionStart", start)
-			w.tarea.Set("selectionEnd", end)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Move DOM element to position the caret.
-	if old.Selection.Caret != new.Selection.Caret || old.Selection.Transform != new.Selection.Transform {
-		pos := new.Selection.Transform.Transform(new.Selection.Caret.Pos.Add(f32.Pt(0, new.Selection.Caret.Descent)))
-		bounds := w.cnv.Call("getBoundingClientRect")
-		left := bounds.Get("left").Float() + float64(pos.X)/float64(w.scale)
-		top := bounds.Get("top").Float() + float64(pos.Y-new.Selection.Caret.Ascent)/float64(w.scale)
-		height := float64(new.Selection.Caret.Ascent+new.Selection.Caret.Descent) / float64(w.scale)
-
-		style := w.tarea.Get("style")
-		style.Set("left", fmt.Sprintf("%fpx", left))
-		style.Set("top", fmt.Sprintf("%fpx", top))
-		style.Set("height", fmt.Sprintf("%fpx", height))
-		style.Set("width", "1px")
+	if anim {
+		w.draw(false)
 	}
 }
 
+func (w *window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {}
+
 func (w *window) SetAnimating(anim bool) {
 	w.animating = anim
 	if anim && !w.animRequested {
@@ -863,19 +495,20 @@ func (w *window) ReadClipboard() {
 	if w.clipboard.IsUndefined() {
 		return
 	}
-	if w.clipboard.Get("readText").Truthy() {
-		w.clipboard.Call("readText").Call("then", w.clipboardCallback)
+	if w.clipboard.Get("readText").IsUndefined() {
+		return
 	}
+	w.clipboard.Call("readText", w.clipboard).Call("then", w.clipboardCallback)
 }
 
-func (w *window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
+func (w *window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
 	if w.clipboard.IsUndefined() {
 		return
 	}
 	if w.clipboard.Get("writeText").IsUndefined() {
 		return
 	}
-	w.clipboard.Call("writeText", string(s))
+	w.clipboard.Call("writeText", s)
 }
 
 func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
@@ -903,11 +536,15 @@ func (w *window) Configure(options []Option) {
 	if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
 		w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
 	}
-	w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if w.config != prev {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	}
 }
 
 func (w *window) Perform(system.Action) {}
 
+func (w *window) Raise() {}
+
 var webCursor = [...]string{
 	pointer.CursorDefault:                  "default",
 	pointer.CursorNone:                     "none",
@@ -942,27 +579,32 @@ func (w *window) SetCursor(cursor pointer.Cursor) {
 	style.Set("cursor", webCursor[cursor])
 }
 
+func (w *window) Wakeup() {
+	select {
+	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
 func (w *window) ShowTextInput(show bool) {
 	// Run in a goroutine to avoid a deadlock if the
 	// focus change result in an event.
-	if show {
-		w.focus()
-	} else {
-		// If we're composing, end composition first by clearing the textarea.
-		// That is a attempt to force the browser to end composition.
-		if w.composing != -1 {
-			w.tarea.Set("value", "")
-			w.composing = -1
-			w.w.SetComposingRegion(key.Range{Start: -1, End: -1})
+	go func() {
+		if show {
+			w.focus()
+		} else {
+			w.blur()
 		}
-		w.blur()
-	}
+	}()
 }
 
 func (w *window) SetInputHint(mode key.InputHint) {
 	w.keyboard(mode)
 }
 
+// Close the window. Not implemented for js.
+func (w *window) Close() {}
+
 func (w *window) resize() {
 	w.scale = float32(w.window.Get("devicePixelRatio").Float())
 
@@ -973,7 +615,7 @@ func (w *window) resize() {
 	}
 	if size != w.config.Size {
 		w.config.Size = size
-		w.processEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 	}
 
 	if vx, vy := w.visualViewport.Get("width"), w.visualViewport.Get("height"); !vx.IsUndefined() && !vy.IsUndefined() {
@@ -990,23 +632,12 @@ func (w *window) resize() {
 }
 
 func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
-	if w.contextStatus == contextStatusLost {
-		return
-	}
-	anim := w.animating
-	w.animRequested = anim
-	if anim {
-		w.requestAnimationFrame.Invoke(w.redraw)
-	} else if !sync {
-		return
-	}
 	size, insets, metric := w.getConfig()
 	if metric == (unit.Metric{}) || size.X == 0 || size.Y == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-
-	w.processEvent(frameEvent{
-		FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
+	w.w.Event(frameEvent{
+		FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
 			Now:    time.Now(),
 			Size:   size,
 			Insets: insets,
@@ -1016,12 +647,11 @@ func (w *window) draw(sync bool) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *window) getConfig() (image.Point, Insets, unit.Metric) {
-	invscale := unit.Dp(1. / w.scale)
+func (w *window) getConfig() (image.Point, system.Insets, unit.Metric) {
 	return image.Pt(w.config.Size.X, w.config.Size.Y),
-		Insets{
-			Bottom: unit.Dp(w.inset.Y) * invscale,
-			Right:  unit.Dp(w.inset.X) * invscale,
+		system.Insets{
+			Bottom: unit.Px(w.inset.Y),
+			Right:  unit.Px(w.inset.X),
 		}, unit.Metric{
 			PxPerDp: w.scale,
 			PxPerSp: w.scale,
@@ -1079,8 +709,8 @@ func osMain() {
 	select {}
 }
 
-func translateKey(k string) (key.Name, bool) {
-	var n key.Name
+func translateKey(k string) (string, bool) {
+	var n string
 
 	switch k {
 	case "ArrowUp":
@@ -1147,15 +777,11 @@ func translateKey(k string) (key.Name, bool) {
 		r, s := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(k)
 		// If there is exactly one printable character, return that.
 		if s == len(k) && unicode.IsPrint(r) {
-			return key.Name(strings.ToUpper(k)), true
+			return strings.ToUpper(k), true
 		}
 		return "", false
 	}
 	return n, true
 }
 
-func (JSViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
-func (JSViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}
-func (j JSViewEvent) Valid() bool {
-	return !(j.Element.IsNull() || j.Element.IsUndefined())
-}
+func (_ ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}

app/os_macos.m

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 // +build darwin,!ios
 
-#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+@import AppKit;
 
 #include "_cgo_export.h"
 
-__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CALayer *gio_layerFactory(BOOL presentWithTrans);
+__attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CALayer *gio_layerFactory(void);
 
 @interface GioAppDelegate : NSObject<NSApplicationDelegate>
 @end
@@ -14,55 +14,45 @@ __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden"))) CALayer *gio_layerFactory(BOOL presentWi
 @interface GioWindowDelegate : NSObject<NSWindowDelegate>
 @end
 
-@interface GioView : NSView <CALayerDelegate,NSTextInputClient>
-@property uintptr_t handle;
-@property BOOL presentWithTrans;
-@end
-
 @implementation GioWindowDelegate
 - (void)windowWillMiniaturize:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
-	gio_onDraw(view.handle);
+	gio_onHide((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
 }
 - (void)windowDidDeminiaturize:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
-	gio_onDraw(view.handle);
+	gio_onShow((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
 }
 - (void)windowWillEnterFullScreen:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
-	gio_onDraw(view.handle);
+	gio_onFullscreen((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
 }
 - (void)windowWillExitFullScreen:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
-	gio_onDraw(view.handle);
+	gio_onWindowed((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
 }
 - (void)windowDidChangeScreen:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
 	CGDirectDisplayID dispID = [[[window screen] deviceDescription][@"NSScreenNumber"] unsignedIntValue];
-  GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
-	gio_onChangeScreen(view.handle, dispID);
+	CFTypeRef view = (__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView;
+	gio_onChangeScreen(view, dispID);
 }
 - (void)windowDidBecomeKey:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
-	if ([window firstResponder] == view) {
-		gio_onFocus(view.handle, 1);
-	}
+	gio_onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView, 1);
 }
 - (void)windowDidResignKey:(NSNotification *)notification {
 	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
-	GioView *view = (GioView *)window.contentView;
-	if ([window firstResponder] == view) {
-		gio_onFocus(view.handle, 0);
-	}
+	gio_onFocus((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView, 0);
+}
+- (void)windowWillClose:(NSNotification *)notification {
+	NSWindow *window = (NSWindow *)[notification object];
+	window.delegate = nil;
+	gio_onClose((__bridge CFTypeRef)window.contentView);
 }
 @end
 
-static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFloat dy) {
+static void handleMouse(NSView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFloat dy) {
 	NSPoint p = [view convertPoint:[event locationInWindow] fromView:nil];
 	if (!event.hasPreciseScrollingDeltas) {
 		// dx and dy are in rows and columns.
@@ -71,9 +61,12 @@ static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFl
 	}
 	// Origin is in the lower left corner. Convert to upper left.
 	CGFloat height = view.bounds.size.height;
-	gio_onMouse(view.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)event, typ, event.buttonNumber, p.x, height - p.y, dx, dy, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags]);
+	gio_onMouse((__bridge CFTypeRef)view, typ, [NSEvent pressedMouseButtons], p.x, height - p.y, dx, dy, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags]);
 }
 
+@interface GioView : NSView <CALayerDelegate,NSTextInputClient>
+@end
+
 @implementation GioView
 - (void)setFrameSize:(NSSize)newSize {
 	[super setFrameSize:newSize];
@@ -82,87 +75,75 @@ static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFl
 // drawRect is called when OpenGL is used, displayLayer otherwise.
 // Don't know why.
 - (void)drawRect:(NSRect)r {
-	gio_onDraw(self.handle);
+	gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (void)displayLayer:(CALayer *)layer {
 	layer.contentsScale = self.window.backingScaleFactor;
-	gio_onDraw(self.handle);
+	gio_onDraw((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (CALayer *)makeBackingLayer {
-	CALayer *layer = gio_layerFactory(self.presentWithTrans);
+	CALayer *layer = gio_layerFactory();
 	layer.delegate = self;
 	return layer;
 }
-- (void)viewDidMoveToWindow {
-	gio_onAttached(self.handle, self.window != nil ? 1 : 0);
-}
 - (void)mouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
 }
 - (void)mouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
 }
+- (void)middleMouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
+	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
+}
+- (void)middletMouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
+	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
+}
 - (void)rightMouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
 }
 - (void)rightMouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
 }
-- (void)otherMouseDown:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_DOWN, 0, 0);
-}
-- (void)otherMouseUp:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_UP, 0, 0);
-}
 - (void)mouseMoved:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
 }
 - (void)mouseDragged:(NSEvent *)event {
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
 }
-- (void)rightMouseDragged:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
-}
-- (void)otherMouseDragged:(NSEvent *)event {
-	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_MOVE, 0, 0);
-}
 - (void)scrollWheel:(NSEvent *)event {
 	CGFloat dx = -event.scrollingDeltaX;
 	CGFloat dy = -event.scrollingDeltaY;
 	handleMouse(self, event, MOUSE_SCROLL, dx, dy);
 }
 - (void)keyDown:(NSEvent *)event {
-	NSString *keys = [event charactersIgnoringModifiers];
-	gio_onKeys(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)event, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], true);
-}
-- (void)flagsChanged:(NSEvent *)event {
 	[self interpretKeyEvents:[NSArray arrayWithObject:event]];
-	gio_onFlagsChanged(self.handle, [event modifierFlags]);
+	NSString *keys = [event charactersIgnoringModifiers];
+	gio_onKeys((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], true);
 }
 - (void)keyUp:(NSEvent *)event {
 	NSString *keys = [event charactersIgnoringModifiers];
-	gio_onKeys(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)event, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], false);
+	gio_onKeys((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)keys, [event timestamp], [event modifierFlags], false);
 }
 - (void)insertText:(id)string {
-	gio_onText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)string);
+	gio_onText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)string);
 }
-- (void)doCommandBySelector:(SEL)action {
-	if (!gio_onCommandBySelector(self.handle)) {
-		[super doCommandBySelector:action];
-	}
+- (void)doCommandBySelector:(SEL)sel {
+	// Don't pass commands up the responder chain.
+	// They will end up in a beep.
 }
+
 - (BOOL)hasMarkedText {
-	int res = gio_hasMarkedText(self.handle);
+	int res = gio_hasMarkedText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 	return res ? YES : NO;
 }
 - (NSRange)markedRange {
-	return gio_markedRange(self.handle);
+	return gio_markedRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (NSRange)selectedRange {
-	return gio_selectedRange(self.handle);
+	return gio_selectedRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (void)unmarkText {
-	gio_unmarkText(self.handle);
+	gio_unmarkText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self);
 }
 - (void)setMarkedText:(id)string
         selectedRange:(NSRange)selRange
@@ -174,14 +155,14 @@ static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFl
 	} else {
 		str = string;
 	}
-	gio_setMarkedText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, selRange, replaceRange);
+	gio_setMarkedText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, selRange, replaceRange);
 }
 - (NSArray<NSAttributedStringKey> *)validAttributesForMarkedText {
 	return nil;
 }
 - (NSAttributedString *)attributedSubstringForProposedRange:(NSRange)range
                                                 actualRange:(NSRangePointer)actualRange {
-	NSString *str = CFBridgingRelease(gio_substringForProposedRange(self.handle, range, actualRange));
+	NSString *str = CFBridgingRelease(gio_substringForProposedRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, range, actualRange));
 	return [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:str attributes:nil];
 }
 - (void)insertText:(id)string
@@ -193,34 +174,17 @@ static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFl
 	} else {
 		str = string;
 	}
-	gio_insertText(self.handle, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, replaceRange);
+	gio_insertText((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, (__bridge CFTypeRef)str, replaceRange);
 }
 - (NSUInteger)characterIndexForPoint:(NSPoint)p {
-	return gio_characterIndexForPoint(self.handle, p);
+	return gio_characterIndexForPoint((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, p);
 }
 - (NSRect)firstRectForCharacterRange:(NSRange)rng
                          actualRange:(NSRangePointer)actual {
-    NSRect r = gio_firstRectForCharacterRange(self.handle, rng, actual);
+    NSRect r = gio_firstRectForCharacterRange((__bridge CFTypeRef)self, rng, actual);
     r = [self convertRect:r toView:nil];
     return [[self window] convertRectToScreen:r];
 }
-- (void)applicationWillUnhide:(NSNotification *)notification {
-	gio_onDraw(self.handle);
-}
-- (void)applicationDidHide:(NSNotification *)notification {
-	gio_onDraw(self.handle);
-}
-- (void)dealloc {
-	gio_onDestroy(self.handle);
-}
-- (BOOL) becomeFirstResponder {
-	gio_onFocus(self.handle, 1);
-	return [super becomeFirstResponder];
- }
-- (BOOL) resignFirstResponder {
-	gio_onFocus(self.handle, 0);
-	return [super resignFirstResponder];
-}
 @end
 
 // Delegates are weakly referenced from their peers. Nothing
@@ -229,14 +193,14 @@ static void handleMouse(GioView *view, NSEvent *event, int typ, CGFloat dx, CGFl
 static GioWindowDelegate *globalWindowDel;
 
 static CVReturn displayLinkCallback(CVDisplayLinkRef dl, const CVTimeStamp *inNow, const CVTimeStamp *inOutputTime, CVOptionFlags flagsIn, CVOptionFlags *flagsOut, void *handle) {
-	gio_onFrameCallback(dl);
+	gio_onFrameCallback(dl, (uintptr_t)handle);
 	return kCVReturnSuccess;
 }
 
-CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(void) {
+CFTypeRef gio_createDisplayLink(uintptr_t handle) {
 	CVDisplayLinkRef dl;
 	CVDisplayLinkCreateWithActiveCGDisplays(&dl);
-	CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(dl, displayLinkCallback, nil);
+	CVDisplayLinkSetOutputCallback(dl, displayLinkCallback, (void *)(handle));
 	return dl;
 }
 
@@ -270,7 +234,7 @@ void gio_showCursor() {
 
 // some cursors are not public, this tries to use a private cursor
 // and uses fallback when the use of private cursor fails.
-static void trySetPrivateCursor(SEL cursorName, NSCursor* fallback) {
+void gio_trySetPrivateCursor(SEL cursorName, NSCursor* fallback) {
 	if ([NSCursor respondsToSelector:cursorName]) {
 		id object = [NSCursor performSelector:cursorName];
 		if ([object isKindOfClass:[NSCursor class]]) {
@@ -302,7 +266,7 @@ void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 				break;
 			case 6: // pointer.CursorAllScroll
 				// For some reason, using _moveCursor fails on Monterey.
-				// trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_moveCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
+				// gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_moveCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				[NSCursor.arrowCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 7: // pointer.CursorColResize
@@ -312,31 +276,33 @@ void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 				[NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 9: // pointer.CursorGrab
-				[NSCursor.openHandCursor set];
+				// [NSCursor.openHandCursor set];
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(openHandCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 10: // pointer.CursorGrabbing
-				[NSCursor.closedHandCursor set];
+				// [NSCursor.closedHandCursor set];
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(closedHandCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 11: // pointer.CursorNotAllowed
 				[NSCursor.operationNotAllowedCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 12: // pointer.CursorWait
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 13: // pointer.CursorProgress
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(busyButClickableCursor), NSCursor.arrowCursor);
 				break;
 			case 14: // pointer.CursorNorthWestResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 15: // pointer.CursorNorthEastResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 16: // pointer.CursorSouthWestResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 17: // pointer.CursorSouthEastResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 18: // pointer.CursorNorthSouthResize
 				[NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor set];
@@ -357,10 +323,10 @@ void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 				[NSCursor.resizeDownCursor set];
 				break;
 			case 24: // pointer.CursorNorthEastSouthWestResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthEastSouthWestCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			case 25: // pointer.CursorNorthWestSouthEastResize
-				trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
+				gio_trySetPrivateCursor(@selector(_windowResizeNorthWestSouthEastCursor), NSCursor.resizeUpDownCursor);
 				break;
 			default:
 				[NSCursor.arrowCursor set];
@@ -369,7 +335,7 @@ void gio_setCursor(NSUInteger curID) {
 	}
 }
 
-CFTypeRef gio_createWindow(CFTypeRef viewRef, CGFloat width, CGFloat height) {
+CFTypeRef gio_createWindow(CFTypeRef viewRef, CGFloat width, CGFloat height, CGFloat minWidth, CGFloat minHeight, CGFloat maxWidth, CGFloat maxHeight) {
 	@autoreleasepool {
 		NSRect rect = NSMakeRect(0, 0, width, height);
 		NSUInteger styleMask = NSTitledWindowMask |
@@ -381,50 +347,43 @@ CFTypeRef gio_createWindow(CFTypeRef viewRef, CGFloat width, CGFloat height) {
 													   styleMask:styleMask
 														 backing:NSBackingStoreBuffered
 														   defer:NO];
+		if (minWidth > 0 || minHeight > 0) {
+			window.contentMinSize = NSMakeSize(minWidth, minHeight);
+		}
+		if (maxWidth > 0 || maxHeight > 0) {
+			window.contentMaxSize = NSMakeSize(maxWidth, maxHeight);
+		}
 		[window setAcceptsMouseMovedEvents:YES];
 		NSView *view = (__bridge NSView *)viewRef;
 		[window setContentView:view];
+		[window makeFirstResponder:view];
+		window.releasedWhenClosed = NO;
 		window.delegate = globalWindowDel;
 		return (__bridge_retained CFTypeRef)window;
 	}
 }
 
-CFTypeRef gio_createView(int presentWithTrans) {
+CFTypeRef gio_createView(void) {
 	@autoreleasepool {
 		NSRect frame = NSMakeRect(0, 0, 0, 0);
 		GioView* view = [[GioView alloc] initWithFrame:frame];
-		view.presentWithTrans = presentWithTrans ? YES : NO;
 		view.wantsLayer = YES;
 		view.layerContentsRedrawPolicy = NSViewLayerContentsRedrawDuringViewResize;
-
-		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:view
-												 selector:@selector(applicationWillUnhide:)
-													 name:NSApplicationWillUnhideNotification
-												   object:nil];
-		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:view
-												 selector:@selector(applicationDidHide:)
-													 name:NSApplicationDidHideNotification
-												   object:nil];
 		return CFBridgingRetain(view);
 	}
 }
 
-void gio_viewSetHandle(CFTypeRef viewRef, uintptr_t handle) {
-	@autoreleasepool {
-		GioView *v = (__bridge GioView *)viewRef;
-		v.handle = handle;
-	}
-}
-
 @implementation GioAppDelegate
 - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
 	[NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
 	[NSApp activateIgnoringOtherApps:YES];
+	gio_onFinishLaunching();
 }
-- (void)application:(NSApplication *)application openURLs:(NSArray<NSURL *> *)urls {
-	for (NSURL *url in urls) {
-		gio_onOpenURI((__bridge CFTypeRef)url.absoluteString);
-	}
+- (void)applicationDidHide:(NSNotification *)aNotification {
+	gio_onAppHide();
+}
+- (void)applicationWillUnhide:(NSNotification *)notification {
+	gio_onAppShow();
 }
 @end
 
@@ -455,25 +414,3 @@ void gio_main() {
 		[NSApp run];
 	}
 }
-
-@interface AppListener : NSObject
-@end
-
-static AppListener *appListener;
-
-@implementation AppListener
-- (void)launchFinished:(NSNotification *)notification {
-	appListener = nil;
-	gio_onFinishLaunching();
-}
-@end
-
-void gio_init() {
-	@autoreleasepool {
-		appListener = [[AppListener alloc] init];
-		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:appListener
-												 selector:@selector(launchFinished:)
-													 name:NSApplicationDidFinishLaunchingNotification
-												   object:nil];
-	}
-}

app/os_unix.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build (linux && !android) || freebsd || openbsd
+// +build linux,!android freebsd openbsd
 
 package app
 
@@ -11,6 +12,13 @@ import (
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 )
 
+// ViewEvent provides handles to the underlying window objects for the
+// current display protocol.
+type ViewEvent interface {
+	implementsViewEvent()
+	ImplementsEvent()
+}
+
 type X11ViewEvent struct {
 	// Display is a pointer to the X11 Display created by XOpenDisplay.
 	Display unsafe.Pointer
@@ -20,9 +28,6 @@ type X11ViewEvent struct {
 
 func (X11ViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
 func (X11ViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}
-func (x X11ViewEvent) Valid() bool {
-	return x != (X11ViewEvent{})
-}
 
 type WaylandViewEvent struct {
 	// Display is the *wl_display returned by wl_display_connect.
@@ -33,9 +38,6 @@ type WaylandViewEvent struct {
 
 func (WaylandViewEvent) implementsViewEvent() {}
 func (WaylandViewEvent) ImplementsEvent()     {}
-func (w WaylandViewEvent) Valid() bool {
-	return w != (WaylandViewEvent{})
-}
 
 func osMain() {
 	select {}
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ type windowDriver func(*callbacks, []Option) error
 // let each driver initialize these variables with their own version of createWindow.
 var wlDriver, x11Driver windowDriver
 
-func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) {
+func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	var errFirst error
 	for _, d := range []windowDriver{wlDriver, x11Driver} {
 		if d == nil {
@@ -55,16 +57,16 @@ func newWindow(window *callbacks, options []Option) {
 		}
 		err := d(window, options)
 		if err == nil {
-			return
+			return nil
 		}
 		if errFirst == nil {
 			errFirst = err
 		}
 	}
-	if errFirst == nil {
-		errFirst = errors.New("app: no window driver available")
+	if errFirst != nil {
+		return errFirst
 	}
-	window.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: errFirst})
+	return errors.New("app: no window driver available")
 }
 
 // xCursor contains mapping from pointer.Cursor to XCursor.

app/os_x11.go

@@ -26,25 +26,22 @@ package app
 
 */
 import "C"
-
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
-	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
-	"gioui.org/io/event"
+	"gioui.org/io/clipboard"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/io/system"
-	"gioui.org/io/transfer"
-	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/unit"
 
 	syscall "golang.org/x/sys/unix"
@@ -96,10 +93,12 @@ type x11Window struct {
 		// _NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT
 		wmStateMaximizedVert C.Atom
 	}
+	stage  system.Stage
 	metric unit.Metric
 	notify struct {
 		read, write int
 	}
+	dead bool
 
 	animating bool
 
@@ -112,8 +111,6 @@ type x11Window struct {
 	config Config
 
 	wakeups chan struct{}
-	handler x11EventHandler
-	buf     [100]byte
 }
 
 var (
@@ -156,8 +153,8 @@ func (w *x11Window) ReadClipboard() {
 	C.XConvertSelection(w.x, w.atoms.clipboard, w.atoms.utf8string, w.atoms.clipboardContent, w.xw, C.CurrentTime)
 }
 
-func (w *x11Window) WriteClipboard(mime string, s []byte) {
-	w.clipboard.content = s
+func (w *x11Window) WriteClipboard(s string) {
+	w.clipboard.content = []byte(s)
 	C.XSetSelectionOwner(w.x, w.atoms.clipboard, w.xw, C.CurrentTime)
 	C.XSetSelectionOwner(w.x, w.atoms.primary, w.xw, C.CurrentTime)
 }
@@ -175,7 +172,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 		switch prev.Mode {
 		case Fullscreen:
 		case Minimized:
-			w.raise()
+			w.Raise()
 			fallthrough
 		default:
 			w.config.Mode = Fullscreen
@@ -193,7 +190,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 		switch prev.Mode {
 		case Fullscreen:
 		case Minimized:
-			w.raise()
+			w.Raise()
 			fallthrough
 		default:
 			w.config.Mode = Maximized
@@ -208,7 +205,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 			C.XResizeWindow(w.x, w.xw, C.uint(cnf.Size.X), C.uint(cnf.Size.Y))
 		case Minimized:
 			w.config.Mode = Windowed
-			w.raise()
+			w.Raise()
 		case Maximized:
 			w.config.Mode = Windowed
 			w.sendWMStateEvent(_NET_WM_STATE_REMOVE, w.atoms.wmStateMaximizedHorz, w.atoms.wmStateMaximizedVert)
@@ -233,11 +230,29 @@ func (w *x11Window) Configure(options []Option) {
 		if shints.flags != 0 {
 			C.XSetWMNormalHints(w.x, w.xw, &shints)
 		}
+		if cnf.center {
+			screen := C.XDefaultScreen(w.x)
+			width := C.XDisplayWidth(w.x, screen)
+			height := C.XDisplayHeight(w.x, screen)
+
+			var attrs C.XWindowAttributes
+			C.XGetWindowAttributes(w.x, w.xw, &attrs)
+			width -= attrs.border_width
+			height -= attrs.border_width
+
+			sz := w.config.Size
+			x := (int(width) - sz.X) / 2
+			y := (int(height) - sz.Y) / 2
+
+			C.XMoveResizeWindow(w.x, w.xw, C.int(x), C.int(y), C.uint(sz.X), C.uint(sz.Y))
+		}
 	}
 	if cnf.Decorated != prev.Decorated {
 		w.config.Decorated = cnf.Decorated
 	}
-	w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	if w.config != prev {
+		w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+	}
 }
 
 func (w *x11Window) setTitle(prev, cnf Config) {
@@ -258,38 +273,9 @@ func (w *x11Window) setTitle(prev, cnf Config) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *x11Window) Perform(acts system.Action) {
-	walkActions(acts, func(a system.Action) {
-		switch a {
-		case system.ActionCenter:
-			w.center()
-		case system.ActionRaise:
-			w.raise()
-		}
-	})
-	if acts&system.ActionClose != 0 {
-		w.close()
-	}
-}
+func (w *x11Window) Perform(system.Action) {}
 
-func (w *x11Window) center() {
-	screen := C.XDefaultScreen(w.x)
-	width := C.XDisplayWidth(w.x, screen)
-	height := C.XDisplayHeight(w.x, screen)
-
-	var attrs C.XWindowAttributes
-	C.XGetWindowAttributes(w.x, w.xw, &attrs)
-	width -= attrs.border_width
-	height -= attrs.border_width
-
-	sz := w.config.Size
-	x := (int(width) - sz.X) / 2
-	y := (int(height) - sz.Y) / 2
-
-	C.XMoveResizeWindow(w.x, w.xw, C.int(x), C.int(y), C.uint(sz.X), C.uint(sz.Y))
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) raise() {
+func (w *x11Window) Raise() {
 	var xev C.XEvent
 	ev := (*C.XClientMessageEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(&xev))
 	*ev = C.XClientMessageEvent{
@@ -335,8 +321,8 @@ func (w *x11Window) SetInputHint(_ key.InputHint) {}
 
 func (w *x11Window) EditorStateChanged(old, new editorState) {}
 
-// close the window.
-func (w *x11Window) close() {
+// Close the window.
+func (w *x11Window) Close() {
 	var xev C.XEvent
 	ev := (*C.XClientMessageEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(&xev))
 	*ev = C.XClientMessageEvent{
@@ -380,36 +366,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) sendWMStateEvent(action C.long, atom1, atom2 C.ulong) {
 
 var x11OneByte = make([]byte, 1)
 
-func (w *x11Window) ProcessEvent(e event.Event) {
-	w.w.ProcessEvent(e)
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) shutdown(err error) {
-	w.ProcessEvent(X11ViewEvent{})
-	w.ProcessEvent(DestroyEvent{Err: err})
-	w.destroy()
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Event() event.Event {
-	for {
-		evt, ok := w.w.nextEvent()
-		if !ok {
-			w.dispatch()
-			continue
-		}
-		return evt
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Run(f func()) {
-	f()
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Frame(frame *op.Ops) {
-	w.w.ProcessFrame(frame, nil)
-}
-
-func (w *x11Window) Invalidate() {
+func (w *x11Window) Wakeup() {
 	select {
 	case w.wakeups <- struct{}{}:
 	default:
@@ -427,20 +384,16 @@ func (w *x11Window) window() (C.Window, int, int) {
 	return w.xw, w.config.Size.X, w.config.Size.Y
 }
 
-func (w *x11Window) dispatch() {
-	if w.x == nil {
-		// Only Invalidate can wake us up.
-		<-w.wakeups
-		w.w.Invalidate()
+func (w *x11Window) setStage(s system.Stage) {
+	if s == w.stage {
 		return
 	}
+	w.stage = s
+	w.w.Event(system.StageEvent{Stage: s})
+}
 
-	select {
-	case <-w.wakeups:
-		w.w.Invalidate()
-	default:
-	}
-
+func (w *x11Window) loop() {
+	h := x11EventHandler{w: w, xev: new(C.XEvent), text: make([]byte, 4)}
 	xfd := C.XConnectionNumber(w.x)
 
 	// Poll for events and notifications.
@@ -450,55 +403,62 @@ func (w *x11Window) dispatch() {
 	}
 	xEvents := &pollfds[0].Revents
 	// Plenty of room for a backlog of notifications.
+	buf := make([]byte, 100)
 
-	var syn, anim bool
-	// Check for pending draw events before checking animation or blocking.
-	// This fixes an issue on Xephyr where on startup XPending() > 0 but
-	// poll will still block. This also prevents no-op calls to poll.
-	syn = w.handler.handleEvents()
-	if w.x == nil {
-		// handleEvents received a close request and destroyed the window.
-		return
-	}
-	if !syn {
-		anim = w.animating
-		if !anim {
-			// Clear poll events.
-			*xEvents = 0
-			// Wait for X event or gio notification.
-			if _, err := syscall.Poll(pollfds, -1); err != nil && err != syscall.EINTR {
-				panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: poll failed: %w", err))
-			}
-			switch {
-			case *xEvents&syscall.POLLIN != 0:
-				syn = w.handler.handleEvents()
-				if w.x == nil {
-					return
+loop:
+	for !w.dead {
+		var syn, anim bool
+		// Check for pending draw events before checking animation or blocking.
+		// This fixes an issue on Xephyr where on startup XPending() > 0 but
+		// poll will still block. This also prevents no-op calls to poll.
+		if syn = h.handleEvents(); !syn {
+			anim = w.animating
+			if !anim {
+				// Clear poll events.
+				*xEvents = 0
+				// Wait for X event or gio notification.
+				if _, err := syscall.Poll(pollfds, -1); err != nil && err != syscall.EINTR {
+					panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: poll failed: %w", err))
+				}
+				switch {
+				case *xEvents&syscall.POLLIN != 0:
+					syn = h.handleEvents()
+					if w.dead {
+						break loop
+					}
+				case *xEvents&(syscall.POLLERR|syscall.POLLHUP) != 0:
+					break loop
 				}
-			case *xEvents&(syscall.POLLERR|syscall.POLLHUP) != 0:
 			}
 		}
-	}
-	// Clear notifications.
-	for {
-		_, err := syscall.Read(w.notify.read, w.buf[:])
-		if err == syscall.EAGAIN {
-			break
+		// Clear notifications.
+		for {
+			_, err := syscall.Read(w.notify.read, buf)
+			if err == syscall.EAGAIN {
+				break
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: read from notify pipe failed: %w", err))
+			}
 		}
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(fmt.Errorf("x11 loop: read from notify pipe failed: %w", err))
+		select {
+		case <-w.wakeups:
+			w.w.Event(wakeupEvent{})
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if (anim || syn) && w.config.Size.X != 0 && w.config.Size.Y != 0 {
+			w.w.Event(frameEvent{
+				FrameEvent: system.FrameEvent{
+					Now:    time.Now(),
+					Size:   w.config.Size,
+					Metric: w.metric,
+				},
+				Sync: syn,
+			})
 		}
 	}
-	if (anim || syn) && w.config.Size.X != 0 && w.config.Size.Y != 0 {
-		w.ProcessEvent(frameEvent{
-			FrameEvent: FrameEvent{
-				Now:    time.Now(),
-				Size:   w.config.Size,
-				Metric: w.metric,
-			},
-			Sync: syn,
-		})
-	}
+	w.w.Event(system.DestroyEvent{Err: nil})
 }
 
 func (w *x11Window) destroy() {
@@ -516,11 +476,11 @@ func (w *x11Window) destroy() {
 	}
 	C.XDestroyWindow(w.x, w.xw)
 	C.XCloseDisplay(w.x)
-	w.x = nil
 }
 
 // atom is a wrapper around XInternAtom. Callers should cache the result
 // in order to limit round-trips to the X server.
+//
 func (w *x11Window) atom(name string, onlyIfExists bool) C.Atom {
 	cname := C.CString(name)
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cname))
@@ -534,6 +494,7 @@ func (w *x11Window) atom(name string, onlyIfExists bool) C.Atom {
 // x11EventHandler wraps static variables for the main event loop.
 // Its sole purpose is to prevent heap allocation and reduce clutter
 // in x11window.loop.
+//
 type x11EventHandler struct {
 	w    *x11Window
 	text []byte
@@ -541,6 +502,7 @@ type x11EventHandler struct {
 }
 
 // handleEvents returns true if the window needs to be redrawn.
+//
 func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 	w := h.w
 	xev := h.xev
@@ -574,13 +536,13 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 					// There's no support for IME yet.
 					w.w.EditorInsert(ee.Text)
 				} else {
-					w.ProcessEvent(e)
+					w.w.Event(e)
 				}
 			}
 		case C.ButtonPress, C.ButtonRelease:
 			bevt := (*C.XButtonEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			ev := pointer.Event{
-				Kind:   pointer.Press,
+				Type:   pointer.Press,
 				Source: pointer.Mouse,
 				Position: f32.Point{
 					X: float32(bevt.x),
@@ -590,7 +552,7 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 				Modifiers: w.xkb.Modifiers(),
 			}
 			if bevt._type == C.ButtonRelease {
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Release
+				ev.Type = pointer.Release
 			}
 			var btn pointer.Buttons
 			const scrollScale = 10
@@ -602,29 +564,21 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 			case C.Button3:
 				btn = pointer.ButtonSecondary
 			case C.Button4:
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
-				// scroll up or left (if shift is pressed).
-				if ev.Modifiers == key.ModShift {
-					ev.Scroll.X = -scrollScale
-				} else {
-					ev.Scroll.Y = -scrollScale
-				}
+				// scroll up
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
+				ev.Scroll.Y = -scrollScale
 			case C.Button5:
-				// scroll down or right (if shift is pressed).
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
-				if ev.Modifiers == key.ModShift {
-					ev.Scroll.X = +scrollScale
-				} else {
-					ev.Scroll.Y = +scrollScale
-				}
+				// scroll down
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
+				ev.Scroll.Y = +scrollScale
 			case 6:
 				// http://xahlee.info/linux/linux_x11_mouse_button_number.html
-				// scroll left.
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
+				// scroll left
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
 				ev.Scroll.X = -scrollScale * 2
 			case 7:
 				// scroll right
-				ev.Kind = pointer.Scroll
+				ev.Type = pointer.Scroll
 				ev.Scroll.X = +scrollScale * 2
 			default:
 				continue
@@ -636,11 +590,11 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 				w.pointerBtns &^= btn
 			}
 			ev.Buttons = w.pointerBtns
-			w.ProcessEvent(ev)
+			w.w.Event(ev)
 		case C.MotionNotify:
 			mevt := (*C.XMotionEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
-			w.ProcessEvent(pointer.Event{
-				Kind:    pointer.Move,
+			w.w.Event(pointer.Event{
+				Type:    pointer.Move,
 				Source:  pointer.Mouse,
 				Buttons: w.pointerBtns,
 				Position: f32.Point{
@@ -654,16 +608,14 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 			// redraw only on the last expose event
 			redraw = (*C.XExposeEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev)).count == 0
 		case C.FocusIn:
-			w.config.Focused = true
-			w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+			w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: true})
 		case C.FocusOut:
-			w.config.Focused = false
-			w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+			w.w.Event(key.FocusEvent{Focus: false})
 		case C.ConfigureNotify: // window configuration change
 			cevt := (*C.XConfigureEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			if sz := image.Pt(int(cevt.width), int(cevt.height)); sz != w.config.Size {
 				w.config.Size = sz
-				w.ProcessEvent(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
+				w.w.Event(ConfigEvent{Config: w.config})
 			}
 			// redraw will be done by a later expose event
 		case C.SelectionNotify:
@@ -685,12 +637,7 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 				break
 			}
 			str := C.GoStringN((*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(text.value)), C.int(text.nitems))
-			w.ProcessEvent(transfer.DataEvent{
-				Type: "application/text",
-				Open: func() io.ReadCloser {
-					return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(str))
-				},
-			})
+			w.w.Event(clipboard.Event{Text: str})
 		case C.SelectionRequest:
 			cevt := (*C.XSelectionRequestEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			if (cevt.selection != w.atoms.clipboard && cevt.selection != w.atoms.primary) || cevt.property == C.None {
@@ -744,7 +691,7 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 			cevt := (*C.XClientMessageEvent)(unsafe.Pointer(xev))
 			switch *(*C.long)(unsafe.Pointer(&cevt.data)) {
 			case C.long(w.atoms.evDelWindow):
-				w.shutdown(nil)
+				w.dead = true
 				return false
 			}
 		}
@@ -752,7 +699,9 @@ func (h *x11EventHandler) handleEvents() bool {
 	return redraw
 }
 
-var x11Threads sync.Once
+var (
+	x11Threads sync.Once
+)
 
 func init() {
 	x11Driver = newX11Window
@@ -824,10 +773,8 @@ func newX11Window(gioWin *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 		wakeups:      make(chan struct{}, 1),
 		config:       Config{Size: cnf.Size},
 	}
-	w.handler = x11EventHandler{w: w, xev: new(C.XEvent), text: make([]byte, 4)}
 	w.notify.read = pipe[0]
 	w.notify.write = pipe[1]
-	w.w.SetDriver(w)
 
 	if err := w.updateXkbKeymap(); err != nil {
 		w.destroy()
@@ -839,7 +786,7 @@ func newX11Window(gioWin *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	hints.flags = C.InputHint
 	C.XSetWMHints(dpy, win, &hints)
 
-	name := C.CString(ID)
+	name := C.CString(filepath.Base(os.Args[0]))
 	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(name))
 	wmhints := C.XClassHint{name, name}
 	C.XSetClassHint(dpy, win, &wmhints)
@@ -863,10 +810,18 @@ func newX11Window(gioWin *callbacks, options []Option) error {
 	// extensions
 	C.XSetWMProtocols(dpy, win, &w.atoms.evDelWindow, 1)
 
-	// make the window visible on the screen
-	C.XMapWindow(dpy, win)
-	w.Configure(options)
-	w.ProcessEvent(X11ViewEvent{Display: unsafe.Pointer(dpy), Window: uintptr(win)})
+	go func() {
+		w.w.SetDriver(w)
+
+		// make the window visible on the screen
+		C.XMapWindow(dpy, win)
+		w.Configure(options)
+		w.w.Event(X11ViewEvent{Display: unsafe.Pointer(dpy), Window: uintptr(win)})
+		w.setStage(system.StageRunning)
+		w.loop()
+		w.w.Event(X11ViewEvent{})
+		w.destroy()
+	}()
 	return nil
 }
 

app/permission/bluetooth/main.go

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
 Package bluetooth implements permissions to access Bluetooth and Bluetooth
 Low Energy hardware, including the ability to discover and pair devices.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
-	<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth" android:required="false"/>
-	<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="false"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth" android:required="false"/>
+    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="false"/>
 
 Note that ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION is required on Android before the Bluetooth
 device may be used.

app/permission/camera/main.go

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 /*
 Package camera implements permissions to access camera hardware.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
-	<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
+    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false"/>
 
 CAMERA is a "dangerous" permission. See documentation for package
 gioui.org/app/permission for more information.

app/permission/doc.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ program's source code:
 		_ "net"
 	)
 
-# Android -- Dangerous Permissions
+Android -- Dangerous Permissions
 
 Certain permissions on Android are marked with a protection level of
 "dangerous". This means that, in addition to including the relevant

app/permission/microphone/main.go

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-/*
-Package microphone implements permissions to access microphone hardware.
-
-# Android
-
-The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
-
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"/>
-
-RECORD_AUDIO is a "dangerous" permission. See documentation for package
-gioui.org/app/permission for more information.
-*/
-package microphone

app/permission/networkstate/main.go

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 /*
 Package networkstate implements permissions to access network connectivity information.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+
 */
 package networkstate

app/permission/storage/main.go

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 Package storage implements read and write storage permissions
 on mobile devices.
 
-# Android
+Android
 
 The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
 
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
 
 READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE and WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE are "dangerous" permissions.
 See documentation for package gioui.org/app/permission for more information.

app/permission/wakelock/wakelock.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-/*
-Package wakelock implements permission to acquire locks that keep the system
-from suspending.
-
-# Android
-
-The following entries will be added to AndroidManifest.xml:
-
-	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>
-*/
-package wakelock

app/runmain.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build android || (darwin && ios)
+// +build android darwin,ios
 
 package app
 
@@ -24,6 +25,6 @@ func runMain() {
 		// Indirect call, since the linker does not know the address of main when
 		// laying down this package.
 		fn := mainMain
-		go fn()
+		fn()
 	})
 }

app/system.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-package app
-
-// DestroyEvent is the last event sent through
-// a window event channel.
-type DestroyEvent struct {
-	// Err is nil for normal window closures. If a
-	// window is prematurely closed, Err is the cause.
-	Err error
-}
-
-func (DestroyEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}

app/vulkan.go

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ func (c *vkContext) refresh(surf vk.Surface, width, height int) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	minExt, maxExt := vk.SurfaceCapabilitiesMinExtent(caps), vk.SurfaceCapabilitiesMaxExtent(caps)
+	minExt, maxExt := caps.MinExtent(), caps.MaxExtent()
 	if width < minExt.X || maxExt.X < width || height < minExt.Y || maxExt.Y < height {
 		return errOutOfDate
 	}

app/vulkan_android.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
 
 //go:build !novulkan
+// +build !novulkan
 
 package app
 

cmd/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+module gioui.org/cmd
+
+go 1.13
+
+require (
+	gioui.org v0.0.0-20220328154813-a3f147541fd0
+	github.com/akavel/rsrc v0.10.1
+	github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20191114225735-6626966fbae4
+	github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.5.2
+	golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20210628002857-a66eb6448b8d
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9
+	golang.org/x/text v0.3.6
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0
+)

cmd/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20201218220906-28db891af037/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
+eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3/go.mod h1:OYVuxibdk9OSLX8vAqydtRPP87PyTFcT9uH3MlEGBQA=
+gioui.org v0.0.0-20220328154813-a3f147541fd0 h1:n4FUiCT6P4a2wF6hwX4a5R8TpjAhu/d+3nhwZW16MAI=
+gioui.org v0.0.0-20220328154813-a3f147541fd0/go.mod h1:b8vBukexG6eYuXZa14asjLAWJ+JjbZ/ophEnS2FjYUg=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210808092351-bfe733dd3334/go.mod h1:A8M0Cn5o+vY5LTMlnRoK3O5kG+rH0kWfJjeKd9QpBmQ=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2 h1:AGDDxsJE1RpcXTAxPG2B4jrwVUJGFDjINIPi1jtO6pc=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2/go.mod h1:A8M0Cn5o+vY5LTMlnRoK3O5kG+rH0kWfJjeKd9QpBmQ=
+gioui.org/shader v1.0.6 h1:cvZmU+eODFR2545X+/8XucgZdTtEjR3QWW6W65b0q5Y=
+gioui.org/shader v1.0.6/go.mod h1:mWdiME581d/kV7/iEhLmUgUK5iZ09XR5XpduXzbePVM=
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+gopkg.in/gcfg.v1 v1.2.3/go.mod h1:yesOnuUOFQAhST5vPY4nbZsb/huCgGGXlipJsBn0b3o=
+gopkg.in/resty.v1 v1.12.0/go.mod h1:mDo4pnntr5jdWRML875a/NmxYqAlA73dVijT2AXvQQo=
+gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7/go.mod h1:dt/ZhP58zS4L8KSrWDmTeBkI65Dw0HsyUHuEVlX15mw=
+gopkg.in/warnings.v0 v0.1.2/go.mod h1:jksf8JmL6Qr/oQM2OXTHunEvvTAsrWBLb6OOjuVWRNI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.0.0-20170812160011-eb3733d160e7/go.mod h1:JAlM8MvJe8wmxCU4Bli9HhUf9+ttbYbLASfIpnQbh74=
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+honnef.co/go/tools v0.1.3/go.mod h1:NgwopIslSNH47DimFoV78dnkksY2EFtX0ajyb3K/las=
+sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UJmg0vDUVViEyp3mgSv9WPwZCDxu4rQW1olrI1uml+o=
+sourcegraph.com/sourcegraph/appdash v0.0.0-20190731080439-ebfcffb1b5c0/go.mod h1:hI742Nqp5OhwiqlzhgfbWU4mW4yO10fP+LoT9WOswdU=

cmd/gogio/android_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+type AndroidTestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	sdkDir  string
+	adbPath string
+}
+
+var rxAdbDevice = regexp.MustCompile(`(.*)\s+device$`)
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	d.sdkDir = os.Getenv("ANDROID_SDK_ROOT")
+	if d.sdkDir == "" {
+		d.Skipf("Android SDK is required; set $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT")
+	}
+	d.adbPath = filepath.Join(d.sdkDir, "platform-tools", "adb")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(d.adbPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		d.Skipf("adb not found")
+	}
+
+	devOut := bytes.TrimSpace(d.adb("devices"))
+	devices := rxAdbDevice.FindAllSubmatch(devOut, -1)
+	switch len(devices) {
+	case 0:
+		d.Skipf("no Android devices attached via adb; skipping")
+	case 1:
+	default:
+		d.Skipf("multiple Android devices attached via adb; skipping")
+	}
+
+	// If the device is attached but asleep, it's probably just charging.
+	// Don't use it; the screen needs to be on and unlocked for the test to
+	// work.
+	if !bytes.Contains(
+		d.adb("shell", "dumpsys", "power"),
+		[]byte(" mWakefulness=Awake"),
+	) {
+		d.Skipf("Android device isn't awake; skipping")
+	}
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	apk := filepath.Join(d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-android"), "e2e.apk")
+	d.gogio("-target=android", "-appid="+appid, "-o="+apk, path)
+
+	// Make sure the app isn't installed already, and try to uninstall it
+	// when we finish. Previous failed test runs might have left the app.
+	d.tryUninstall()
+	d.adb("install", apk)
+	d.Cleanup(d.tryUninstall)
+
+	// Force our e2e app to be fullscreen, so that the android system bar at
+	// the top doesn't mess with our screenshots.
+	// TODO(mvdan): is there a way to do this via gio, so that we don't need
+	// to set up a global Android setting via the shell?
+	d.adb("shell", "settings", "put", "global", "policy_control", "immersive.full="+appid)
+
+	// Make sure the app isn't already running.
+	d.adb("shell", "pm", "clear", appid)
+
+	// Start listening for log messages.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, d.adbPath,
+			"logcat",
+			"-s",       // suppress other logs
+			"-T1",      // don't show previous log messages
+			appid+":*", // show all logs from our gio app ID
+		)
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+	}
+
+	// Start the app.
+	d.adb("shell", "monkey", "-p", appid, "1")
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	out := d.adb("shell", "screencap", "-p")
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(out))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) tryUninstall() {
+	cmd := exec.Command(d.adbPath, "shell", "pm", "uninstall", appid)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		if bytes.Contains(out, []byte("Unknown package")) {
+			// The package is not installed. Don't log anything.
+			return
+		}
+		d.Logf("could not uninstall: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) adb(args ...interface{}) []byte {
+	strs := []string{}
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		strs = append(strs, fmt.Sprint(arg))
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(d.adbPath, strs...)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (d *AndroidTestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	d.adb("shell", "input", "tap", x, y)
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

cmd/gogio/build_info.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type buildInfo struct {
+	appID    string
+	archs    []string
+	ldflags  string
+	minsdk   int
+	name     string
+	pkgDir   string
+	pkgPath  string
+	iconPath string
+	tags     string
+	target   string
+	version  int
+	key      string
+	password string
+}
+
+func newBuildInfo(pkgPath string) (*buildInfo, error) {
+	pkgMetadata, err := getPkgMetadata(pkgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	appID := getAppID(pkgMetadata)
+	appIcon := filepath.Join(pkgMetadata.Dir, "appicon.png")
+	if *iconPath != "" {
+		appIcon = *iconPath
+	}
+	bi := &buildInfo{
+		appID:    appID,
+		archs:    getArchs(),
+		ldflags:  getLdFlags(appID),
+		minsdk:   *minsdk,
+		name:     getPkgName(pkgMetadata),
+		pkgDir:   pkgMetadata.Dir,
+		pkgPath:  pkgPath,
+		iconPath: appIcon,
+		tags:     *extraTags,
+		target:   *target,
+		version:  *version,
+		key:      *signKey,
+		password: *signPass,
+	}
+	return bi, nil
+}
+
+func getArchs() []string {
+	if *archNames != "" {
+		return strings.Split(*archNames, ",")
+	}
+	switch *target {
+	case "js":
+		return []string{"wasm"}
+	case "ios", "tvos":
+		// Only 64-bit support.
+		return []string{"arm64", "amd64"}
+	case "android":
+		return []string{"arm", "arm64", "386", "amd64"}
+	case "windows":
+		goarch := os.Getenv("GOARCH")
+		if goarch == "" {
+			goarch = runtime.GOARCH
+		}
+		return []string{goarch}
+	default:
+		// TODO: Add flag tests.
+		panic("The target value has already been validated, this will never execute.")
+	}
+}
+
+func getLdFlags(appID string) string {
+	var ldflags []string
+	if extra := *extraLdflags; extra != "" {
+		ldflags = append(ldflags, strings.Split(extra, " ")...)
+	}
+	// Pass appID along, to be used for logging on platforms like Android.
+	ldflags = append(ldflags, fmt.Sprintf("-X gioui.org/app/internal/log.appID=%s", appID))
+	// Pass along all remaining arguments to the app.
+	if appArgs := flag.Args()[1:]; len(appArgs) > 0 {
+		ldflags = append(ldflags, fmt.Sprintf("-X gioui.org/app.extraArgs=%s", strings.Join(appArgs, "|")))
+	}
+	if m := *linkMode; m != "" {
+		ldflags = append(ldflags, "-linkmode="+m)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(ldflags, " ")
+}
+
+type packageMetadata struct {
+	PkgPath string
+	Dir     string
+}
+
+func getPkgMetadata(pkgPath string) (*packageMetadata, error) {
+	pkgImportPath, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "list", "-f", "{{.ImportPath}}", pkgPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pkgDir, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "list", "-f", "{{.Dir}}", pkgPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &packageMetadata{
+		PkgPath: pkgImportPath,
+		Dir:     pkgDir,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func getAppID(pkgMetadata *packageMetadata) string {
+	if *appID != "" {
+		return *appID
+	}
+	elems := strings.Split(pkgMetadata.PkgPath, "/")
+	domain := strings.Split(elems[0], ".")
+	name := ""
+	if len(elems) > 1 {
+		name = "." + elems[len(elems)-1]
+	}
+	if len(elems) < 2 && len(domain) < 2 {
+		name = "." + domain[0]
+		domain[0] = "localhost"
+	} else {
+		for i := 0; i < len(domain)/2; i++ {
+			opp := len(domain) - 1 - i
+			domain[i], domain[opp] = domain[opp], domain[i]
+		}
+	}
+
+	pkgDomain := strings.Join(domain, ".")
+	appid := []rune(pkgDomain + name)
+
+	// a Java-language-style package name may contain upper- and lower-case
+	// letters and underscores with individual parts separated by '.'.
+	// https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-element
+	for i, c := range appid {
+		if !('a' <= c && c <= 'z' || 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z' ||
+			c == '_' || c == '.') {
+			appid[i] = '_'
+		}
+	}
+	return string(appid)
+}
+
+func getPkgName(pkgMetadata *packageMetadata) string {
+	return path.Base(pkgMetadata.PkgPath)
+}

cmd/gogio/build_info_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+type expval struct {
+	in, out string
+}
+
+func TestAppID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []expval{
+		{"example", "localhost.example"},
+		{"example.com", "com.example"},
+		{"www.example.com", "com.example.www"},
+		{"examplecom/app", "examplecom.app"},
+		{"example.com/app", "com.example.app"},
+		{"www.example.com/app", "com.example.www.app"},
+		{"www.en.example.com/app", "com.example.en.www.app"},
+		{"example.com/dir/app", "com.example.app"},
+		{"example.com/dir.ext/app", "com.example.app"},
+		{"example.com/dir/app.ext", "com.example.app.ext"},
+		{"example-com.net/dir/app", "net.example_com.app"},
+	}
+
+	for i, test := range tests {
+		got := getAppID(&packageMetadata{PkgPath: test.in})
+		if exp := test.out; got != exp {
+			t.Errorf("(%d): expected '%s', got '%s'", i, exp, got)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/gogio/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+/*
+The gogio tool builds and packages Gio programs for Android, iOS/tvOS
+and WebAssembly.
+
+Run gogio with no arguments for instructions, or see the examples at
+https://gioui.org.
+*/
+package main

cmd/gogio/e2e_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var raceEnabled = false
+
+var headless = flag.Bool("headless", true, "run end-to-end tests in headless mode")
+
+const appid = "localhost.gogio.endtoend"
+
+// TestDriver is implemented by each of the platforms we can run end-to-end
+// tests on. None of its methods return any errors, as the errors are directly
+// reported to testing.T via methods like Fatal.
+type TestDriver interface {
+	initBase(t *testing.T, width, height int)
+
+	// Start opens the Gio app found at path. The driver should attempt to
+	// run the app with the base driver's width and height, and the
+	// platform's background should be white.
+	//
+	// When the function returns, the gio app must be ready to use on the
+	// platform, with its initial frame fully drawn.
+	Start(path string)
+
+	// Screenshot takes a screenshot of the Gio app on the platform.
+	Screenshot() image.Image
+
+	// Click performs a pointer click at the specified coordinates,
+	// including both press and release. It returns when the next frame is
+	// fully drawn.
+	Click(x, y int)
+}
+
+type driverBase struct {
+	*testing.T
+
+	width, height int
+
+	output      io.Reader
+	frameNotifs chan bool
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) initBase(t *testing.T, width, height int) {
+	d.T = t
+	d.width, d.height = width, height
+}
+
+func TestEndToEnd(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skipf("end-to-end tests tend to be slow")
+	}
+
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const (
+		testdataWithGoImportPkgPath = "gioui.org/cmd/gogio/testdata"
+		testdataWithRelativePkgPath = "testdata/testdata.go"
+	)
+	// Keep this list local, to not reuse TestDriver objects.
+	subtests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		driver  TestDriver
+		pkgPath string
+	}{
+		{"X11 using go import path", &X11TestDriver{}, testdataWithGoImportPkgPath},
+		{"X11", &X11TestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		// Doesn't work on the builders.
+		//{"Wayland", &WaylandTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		{"JS", &JSTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		{"Android", &AndroidTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+		{"Windows", &WineTestDriver{}, testdataWithRelativePkgPath},
+	}
+
+	for _, subtest := range subtests {
+		t.Run(subtest.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			subtest := subtest // copy the changing loop variable
+			t.Parallel()
+			runEndToEndTest(t, subtest.driver, subtest.pkgPath)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func runEndToEndTest(t *testing.T, driver TestDriver, pkgPath string) {
+	size := image.Point{X: 800, Y: 600}
+	driver.initBase(t, size.X, size.Y)
+
+	t.Log("starting driver and gio app")
+	driver.Start(pkgPath)
+
+	beef := color.NRGBA{R: 0xde, G: 0xad, B: 0xbe, A: 0xff}
+	white := color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0xff, B: 0xff, A: 0xff}
+	black := color.NRGBA{R: 0x00, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff}
+	gray := color.NRGBA{R: 0xbb, G: 0xbb, B: 0xbb, A: 0xff}
+	red := color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff}
+
+	// These are the four colors at the beginning.
+	t.Log("taking initial screenshot")
+	withRetries(t, 4*time.Second, func() error {
+		img := driver.Screenshot()
+		size = img.Bounds().Size() // override the default size
+		return checkImageCorners(img, beef, white, black, gray)
+	})
+
+	// TODO(mvdan): implement this properly in the Wayland driver; swaymsg
+	// almost works to automate clicks, but the button presses end up in the
+	// wrong coordinates.
+	if _, ok := driver.(*WaylandTestDriver); ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Click the first and last sections to turn them red.
+	t.Log("clicking twice and taking another screenshot")
+	driver.Click(1*(size.X/4), 1*(size.Y/4))
+	driver.Click(3*(size.X/4), 3*(size.Y/4))
+	withRetries(t, 4*time.Second, func() error {
+		img := driver.Screenshot()
+		return checkImageCorners(img, red, white, black, red)
+	})
+}
+
+// withRetries keeps retrying fn until it succeeds, or until the timeout is hit.
+// It uses a rudimentary kind of backoff, which starts with 100ms delays. As
+// such, timeout should generally be in the order of seconds.
+func withRetries(t *testing.T, timeout time.Duration, fn func() error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	timeoutTimer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timeoutTimer.Stop()
+	backoff := 100 * time.Millisecond
+
+	tries := 0
+	var lastErr error
+	for {
+		if lastErr = fn(); lastErr == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		tries++
+		t.Logf("retrying after %s", backoff)
+
+		// Use a timer instead of a sleep, so that the timeout can stop
+		// the backoff early. Don't reuse this timer, since we're not in
+		// a hot loop, and we don't want tricky code.
+		backoffTimer := time.NewTimer(backoff)
+		defer backoffTimer.Stop()
+
+		select {
+		case <-timeoutTimer.C:
+			t.Errorf("last error: %v", lastErr)
+			t.Fatalf("hit timeout of %s after %d tries", timeout, tries)
+		case <-backoffTimer.C:
+		}
+
+		// Keep doubling it until a maximum. With the start at 100ms,
+		// we'll do: 100ms, 200ms, 400ms, 800ms, 1.6s, and 2s forever.
+		backoff *= 2
+		if max := 2 * time.Second; backoff > max {
+			backoff = max
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type colorMismatch struct {
+	x, y            int
+	wantRGB, gotRGB [3]uint32
+}
+
+func (m colorMismatch) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%3d,%-3d got 0x%04x%04x%04x, want 0x%04x%04x%04x",
+		m.x, m.y,
+		m.gotRGB[0], m.gotRGB[1], m.gotRGB[2],
+		m.wantRGB[0], m.wantRGB[1], m.wantRGB[2],
+	)
+}
+
+func checkImageCorners(img image.Image, topLeft, topRight, botLeft, botRight color.Color) error {
+	// The colors are split in four rectangular sections. Check the corners
+	// of each of the sections. We check the corners left to right, top to
+	// bottom, like when reading left-to-right text.
+
+	size := img.Bounds().Size()
+	var mismatches []colorMismatch
+
+	checkColor := func(x, y int, want color.Color) {
+		r, g, b, _ := want.RGBA()
+		got := img.At(x, y)
+		r_, g_, b_, _ := got.RGBA()
+		if r_ != r || g_ != g || b_ != b {
+			mismatches = append(mismatches, colorMismatch{
+				x:       x,
+				y:       y,
+				wantRGB: [3]uint32{r, g, b},
+				gotRGB:  [3]uint32{r_, g_, b_},
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	{
+		minX, minY := 5, 5
+		maxX, maxY := (size.X/2)-5, (size.Y/2)-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, topLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, topLeft)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, topLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, topLeft)
+	}
+	{
+		minX, minY := (size.X/2)+5, 5
+		maxX, maxY := size.X-5, (size.Y/2)-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, topRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, topRight)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, topRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, topRight)
+	}
+	{
+		minX, minY := 5, (size.Y/2)+5
+		maxX, maxY := (size.X/2)-5, size.Y-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, botLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, botLeft)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, botLeft)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, botLeft)
+	}
+	{
+		minX, minY := (size.X/2)+5, (size.Y/2)+5
+		maxX, maxY := size.X-5, size.Y-5
+		checkColor(minX, minY, botRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, minY, botRight)
+		checkColor(minX, maxY, botRight)
+		checkColor(maxX, maxY, botRight)
+	}
+	if n := len(mismatches); n > 0 {
+		b := new(strings.Builder)
+		fmt.Fprintf(b, "encountered %d color mismatches:\n", n)
+		for _, m := range mismatches {
+			fmt.Fprintf(b, "%s\n", m)
+		}
+		return errors.New(b.String())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) waitForFrame() {
+	d.Helper()
+
+	if d.frameNotifs == nil {
+		// Start the goroutine that reads output lines and notifies of
+		// new frames via frameNotifs. The test doesn't wait for this
+		// goroutine to finish; it will naturally end when the output
+		// reader reaches an error like EOF.
+		d.frameNotifs = make(chan bool, 1)
+		if d.output == nil {
+			d.Fatal("need an output reader to be notified of frames")
+		}
+		go func() {
+			scanner := bufio.NewScanner(d.output)
+			for scanner.Scan() {
+				line := scanner.Text()
+				d.Log(line)
+				if strings.Contains(line, "gio frame ready") {
+					d.frameNotifs <- true
+				}
+			}
+			// Since we're only interested in the output while the
+			// app runs, and we don't know when it finishes here,
+			// ignore "already closed" pipe errors.
+			if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
+				d.Errorf("reading app output: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Unfortunately, there isn't a way to select on a test failing, since
+	// testing.T doesn't have anything like a context or a "done" channel.
+	//
+	// We can't let selects block forever, since the default -test.timeout
+	// is ten minutes - far too long for tests that take seconds.
+	//
+	// For now, a static short timeout is better than nothing. 5s is plenty
+	// for our simple test app to render on any device.
+	select {
+	case <-d.frameNotifs:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		d.Fatalf("timed out waiting for a frame to be ready")
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) needPrograms(names ...string) {
+	d.Helper()
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(name); err != nil {
+			d.Skipf("%s needed to run", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) tempDir(name string) string {
+	d.Helper()
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", name)
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	d.Cleanup(func() { os.RemoveAll(dir) })
+	return dir
+}
+
+func (d *driverBase) gogio(args ...string) {
+	d.Helper()
+	prog, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(prog, args...)
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "RUN_GOGIO=1")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("gogio error: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+}

cmd/gogio/help.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+const mainUsage = `The gogio command builds and packages Gio (gioui.org) programs.
+
+Usage:
+
+	gogio -target <target> [flags] <package> [run arguments]
+
+The gogio tool builds and packages Gio programs for platforms where additional
+metadata or support files are required.
+
+The package argument specifies an import path or a single Go source file to
+package. Any run arguments are appended to os.Args at runtime.
+
+Compiled Java class files from jar files in the package directory are
+included in Android builds.
+
+The mandatory -target flag selects the target platform: ios or android for the
+mobile platforms, tvos for Apple's tvOS, js for WebAssembly/WebGL.
+
+The -arch flag specifies a comma separated list of GOARCHs to include. The
+default is all supported architectures.
+
+The -o flag specifies an output file or directory, depending on the target.
+
+The -buildmode flag selects the build mode. Two build modes are available, exe
+and archive. Buildmode exe outputs an .ipa file for iOS or tvOS, an .apk file
+for Android or a directory with the WebAssembly module and support files for
+a browser.
+
+The -ldflags and -tags flags pass extra linker flags and tags to the go tool.
+
+As a special case for iOS or tvOS, specifying a path that ends with ".app"
+will output an app directory suitable for a simulator.
+
+The other buildmode is archive, which will output an .aar library for Android
+or a .framework for iOS and tvOS.
+
+The -icon flag specifies a path to a PNG image to use as app icon on iOS and Android.
+If left unspecified, the appicon.png file from the main package is used
+(if it exists).
+
+The -appid flag specifies the package name for Android or the bundle id for
+iOS and tvOS. A bundle id must be provisioned through Xcode before the gogio
+tool can use it.
+
+The -version flag specifies the integer version code for Android and the last
+component of the 1.0.X version for iOS and tvOS.
+
+For Android builds the -minsdk flag specify the minimum SDK level. For example,
+use -minsdk 22 to target Android 5.1 (Lollipop) and later.
+
+For Windows builds the -minsdk flag specify the minimum OS version. For example,
+use -mindk 10 to target Windows 10 and later, -minsdk 6 for Windows Vista and later.
+
+For iOS builds the -minsdk flag specify the minimum iOS version. For example, 
+use -mindk 15 to target iOS 15.0 and later.
+
+The -work flag prints the path to the working directory and suppress
+its deletion.
+
+The -x flag will print all the external commands executed by the gogio tool.
+
+The -signkey flag specifies the path of the keystore, used for signing Android apk/aab files.
+
+The -signpass flag specifies the password of the keystore, ignored if -signkey is not provided.
+`

cmd/gogio/iosbuild.go

@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+const (
+	minIOSVersion = 10
+	// Metal is available from iOS 8 on devices, yet from version 13 on the
+	// simulator.
+	minSimulatorVersion = 13
+)
+
+func buildIOS(tmpDir, target string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	appName := bi.name
+	switch *buildMode {
+	case "archive":
+		framework := *destPath
+		if framework == "" {
+			framework = fmt.Sprintf("%s.framework", strings.Title(appName))
+		}
+		return archiveIOS(tmpDir, target, framework, bi)
+	case "exe":
+		out := *destPath
+		if out == "" {
+			out = appName + ".ipa"
+		}
+		forDevice := strings.HasSuffix(out, ".ipa")
+		// Filter out unsupported architectures.
+		for i := len(bi.archs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			switch bi.archs[i] {
+			case "arm", "arm64":
+				if forDevice {
+					continue
+				}
+			case "386", "amd64":
+				if !forDevice {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
+			bi.archs = append(bi.archs[:i], bi.archs[i+1:]...)
+		}
+		tmpFramework := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "Gio.framework")
+		if err := archiveIOS(tmpDir, target, tmpFramework, bi); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !forDevice && !strings.HasSuffix(out, ".app") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("the specified output directory %q does not end in .app or .ipa", out)
+		}
+		if !forDevice {
+			return exeIOS(tmpDir, target, out, bi)
+		}
+		payload := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "Payload")
+		appDir := filepath.Join(payload, appName+".app")
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(appDir, 0755); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := exeIOS(tmpDir, target, appDir, bi); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := signIOS(bi, tmpDir, appDir); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return zipDir(out, tmpDir, "Payload")
+	default:
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+}
+
+func signIOS(bi *buildInfo, tmpDir, app string) error {
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	provPattern := filepath.Join(home, "Library", "MobileDevice", "Provisioning Profiles", "*.mobileprovision")
+	provisions, err := filepath.Glob(provPattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	provInfo := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "provision.plist")
+	var avail []string
+	for _, prov := range provisions {
+		// Decode the provision file to a plist.
+		_, err := runCmd(exec.Command("security", "cms", "-D", "-i", prov, "-o", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		expUnix, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:ExpirationDate", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		exp, err := time.Parse(time.UnixDate, expUnix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("sign: failed to parse expiration date from %q: %v", prov, err)
+		}
+		if exp.Before(time.Now()) {
+			continue
+		}
+		appIDPrefix, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:ApplicationIdentifierPrefix:0", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		provAppID, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:Entitlements:application-identifier", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		expAppID := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", appIDPrefix, bi.appID)
+		avail = append(avail, provAppID)
+		if expAppID != provAppID {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Copy provisioning file.
+		embedded := filepath.Join(app, "embedded.mobileprovision")
+		if err := copyFile(embedded, prov); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		certDER, err := runCmdRaw(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-c", "Print:DeveloperCertificates:0", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Omit trailing newline.
+		certDER = certDER[:len(certDER)-1]
+		entitlements, err := runCmd(exec.Command("/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy", "-x", "-c", "Print:Entitlements", provInfo))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		entFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "entitlements.plist")
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(entFile, []byte(entitlements), 0660); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		identity := sha1.Sum(certDER)
+		idHex := hex.EncodeToString(identity[:])
+		_, err = runCmd(exec.Command("codesign", "-s", idHex, "-v", "--entitlements", entFile, app))
+		return err
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("sign: no valid provisioning profile found for bundle id %q among %v", bi.appID, avail)
+}
+
+func exeIOS(tmpDir, target, app string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	if bi.appID == "" {
+		return errors.New("app id is empty; use -appid to set it")
+	}
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(app); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Mkdir(app, 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	mainm := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "main.m")
+	const mainmSrc = `@import UIKit;
+@import Gio;
+
+@interface GioAppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate>
+@property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window;
+@end
+
+@implementation GioAppDelegate
+- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
+	self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
+	GioViewController *controller = [[GioViewController alloc] initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];
+	self.window.rootViewController = controller;
+	[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
+	return YES;
+}
+@end
+
+int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
+	@autoreleasepool {
+		return UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, NSStringFromClass([GioAppDelegate class]));
+	}
+}`
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(mainm, []byte(mainmSrc), 0660); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	appName := strings.Title(bi.name)
+	exe := filepath.Join(app, appName)
+	lipo := exec.Command("xcrun", "lipo", "-o", exe, "-create")
+	var builds errgroup.Group
+	for _, a := range bi.archs {
+		clang, cflags, err := iosCompilerFor(target, a, bi.minsdk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		exeSlice := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "app-"+a)
+		lipo.Args = append(lipo.Args, exeSlice)
+		compile := exec.Command(clang, cflags...)
+		compile.Args = append(compile.Args,
+			"-Werror",
+			"-fmodules",
+			"-fobjc-arc",
+			"-x", "objective-c",
+			"-F", tmpDir,
+			"-o", exeSlice,
+			mainm,
+		)
+		builds.Go(func() error {
+			_, err := runCmd(compile)
+			return err
+		})
+	}
+	if err := builds.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := runCmd(lipo); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	infoPlist := buildInfoPlist(bi)
+	plistFile := filepath.Join(app, "Info.plist")
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(plistFile, []byte(infoPlist), 0660); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(bi.iconPath); err == nil {
+		assetPlist, err := iosIcons(bi, tmpDir, app, bi.iconPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// Merge assets plist with Info.plist
+		cmd := exec.Command(
+			"/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy",
+			"-c", "Merge "+assetPlist,
+			plistFile,
+		)
+		if _, err := runCmd(cmd); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := runCmd(exec.Command("plutil", "-convert", "binary1", plistFile)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// iosIcons builds an asset catalog and compile it with the Xcode command actool.
+// iosIcons returns the asset plist file to be merged into Info.plist.
+func iosIcons(bi *buildInfo, tmpDir, appDir, icon string) (string, error) {
+	assets := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "Assets.xcassets")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(assets, 0700); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	appIcon := filepath.Join(assets, "AppIcon.appiconset")
+	err := buildIcons(appIcon, icon, []iconVariant{
+		{path: "ios_2x.png", size: 120},
+		{path: "ios_3x.png", size: 180},
+		// The App Store icon is not allowed to contain
+		// transparent pixels.
+		{path: "ios_store.png", size: 1024, fill: true},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	contentJson := `{
+	"images" : [
+		{
+			"size" : "60x60",
+			"idiom" : "iphone",
+			"filename" : "ios_2x.png",
+			"scale" : "2x"
+		},
+		{
+			"size" : "60x60",
+			"idiom" : "iphone",
+			"filename" : "ios_3x.png",
+			"scale" : "3x"
+		},
+		{
+			"size" : "1024x1024",
+			"idiom" : "ios-marketing",
+			"filename" : "ios_store.png",
+			"scale" : "1x"
+		}
+	]
+}`
+	contentFile := filepath.Join(appIcon, "Contents.json")
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(contentFile, []byte(contentJson), 0600); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	assetPlist := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "assets.plist")
+
+	minsdk := bi.minsdk
+	if minsdk == 0 {
+		minsdk = minIOSVersion
+	}
+	compile := exec.Command(
+		"actool",
+		"--compile", appDir,
+		"--platform", iosPlatformFor(bi.target),
+		"--minimum-deployment-target", strconv.Itoa(minsdk),
+		"--app-icon", "AppIcon",
+		"--output-partial-info-plist", assetPlist,
+		assets)
+	_, err = runCmd(compile)
+	return assetPlist, err
+}
+
+func buildInfoPlist(bi *buildInfo) string {
+	appName := strings.Title(bi.name)
+	platform := iosPlatformFor(bi.target)
+	var supportPlatform string
+	switch bi.target {
+	case "ios":
+		supportPlatform = "iPhoneOS"
+	case "tvos":
+		supportPlatform = "AppleTVOS"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>en</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>APPL</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0.%d</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>%d</string>
+	<key>UILaunchStoryboardName</key>
+	<string>LaunchScreen</string>
+	<key>UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities</key>
+	<array><string>arm64</string></array>
+	<key>DTPlatformName</key>
+	<string>%s</string>
+	<key>DTPlatformVersion</key>
+	<string>12.4</string>
+	<key>MinimumOSVersion</key>
+	<string>%d</string>
+	<key>UIDeviceFamily</key>
+	<array>
+		<integer>1</integer>
+		<integer>2</integer>
+	</array>
+	<key>CFBundleSupportedPlatforms</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>%s</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>DTCompiler</key>
+	<string>com.apple.compilers.llvm.clang.1_0</string>
+	<key>DTPlatformBuild</key>
+	<string>16G73</string>
+	<key>DTSDKBuild</key>
+	<string>16G73</string>
+	<key>DTSDKName</key>
+	<string>%s12.4</string>
+	<key>DTXcode</key>
+	<string>1030</string>
+	<key>DTXcodeBuild</key>
+	<string>10G8</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>`, appName, bi.appID, appName, bi.version, bi.version, platform, minIOSVersion, supportPlatform, platform)
+}
+
+func iosPlatformFor(target string) string {
+	switch target {
+	case "ios":
+		return "iphoneos"
+	case "tvos":
+		return "appletvos"
+	default:
+		panic("invalid platform " + target)
+	}
+}
+
+func archiveIOS(tmpDir, target, frameworkRoot string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	framework := filepath.Base(frameworkRoot)
+	const suf = ".framework"
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(framework, suf) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the specified output %q does not end in '.framework'", frameworkRoot)
+	}
+	framework = framework[:len(framework)-len(suf)]
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(frameworkRoot); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	frameworkDir := filepath.Join(frameworkRoot, "Versions", "A")
+	for _, dir := range []string{"Headers", "Modules"} {
+		p := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, dir)
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(p, 0755); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	symlinks := [][2]string{
+		{"Versions/Current/Headers", "Headers"},
+		{"Versions/Current/Modules", "Modules"},
+		{"Versions/Current/" + framework, framework},
+		{"A", filepath.Join("Versions", "Current")},
+	}
+	for _, l := range symlinks {
+		if err := os.Symlink(l[0], filepath.Join(frameworkRoot, l[1])); err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	exe := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, framework)
+	lipo := exec.Command("xcrun", "lipo", "-o", exe, "-create")
+	var builds errgroup.Group
+	tags := bi.tags
+	goos := "ios"
+	supportsIOS, err := supportsGOOS("ios")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !supportsIOS {
+		// Go 1.15 and earlier target iOS with GOOS=darwin, tags=ios.
+		goos = "darwin"
+		tags = "ios " + tags
+	}
+	for _, a := range bi.archs {
+		clang, cflags, err := iosCompilerFor(target, a, bi.minsdk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		lib := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "gio-"+a)
+		cmd := exec.Command(
+			"go",
+			"build",
+			"-ldflags=-s -w "+bi.ldflags,
+			"-buildmode=c-archive",
+			"-o", lib,
+			"-tags", tags,
+			bi.pkgPath,
+		)
+		lipo.Args = append(lipo.Args, lib)
+		cflagsLine := strings.Join(cflags, " ")
+		cmd.Env = append(
+			os.Environ(),
+			"GOOS="+goos,
+			"GOARCH="+a,
+			"CGO_ENABLED=1",
+			"CC="+clang,
+			"CGO_CFLAGS="+cflagsLine,
+			"CGO_LDFLAGS="+cflagsLine,
+		)
+		builds.Go(func() error {
+			_, err := runCmd(cmd)
+			return err
+		})
+	}
+	if err := builds.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := runCmd(lipo); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	appDir, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "list", "-f", "{{.Dir}}", "gioui.org/app/"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	headerDst := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, "Headers", framework+".h")
+	headerSrc := filepath.Join(appDir, "framework_ios.h")
+	if err := copyFile(headerDst, headerSrc); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	module := fmt.Sprintf(`framework module "%s" {
+    header "%[1]s.h"
+
+    export *
+}`, framework)
+	moduleFile := filepath.Join(frameworkDir, "Modules", "module.modulemap")
+	return ioutil.WriteFile(moduleFile, []byte(module), 0644)
+}
+
+func supportsGOOS(wantGoos string) (bool, error) {
+	geese, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "tool", "dist", "list"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, pair := range strings.Split(geese, "\n") {
+		s := strings.SplitN(pair, "/", 2)
+		if len(s) != 2 {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("go tool dist list: invalid GOOS/GOARCH pair: %s", pair)
+		}
+		goos := s[0]
+		if goos == wantGoos {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func iosCompilerFor(target, arch string, minsdk int) (string, []string, error) {
+	var (
+		platformSDK string
+		platformOS  string
+	)
+	switch target {
+	case "ios":
+		platformOS = "ios"
+		platformSDK = "iphone"
+	case "tvos":
+		platformOS = "tvos"
+		platformSDK = "appletv"
+	}
+	switch arch {
+	case "arm", "arm64":
+		platformSDK += "os"
+		if minsdk == 0 {
+			minsdk = minIOSVersion
+		}
+	case "386", "amd64":
+		platformOS += "-simulator"
+		platformSDK += "simulator"
+		if minsdk == 0 {
+			minsdk = minSimulatorVersion
+		}
+	default:
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported -arch: %s", arch)
+	}
+	sdkPath, err := runCmd(exec.Command("xcrun", "--sdk", platformSDK, "--show-sdk-path"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	clang, err := runCmd(exec.Command("xcrun", "--sdk", platformSDK, "--find", "clang"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	cflags := []string{
+		"-fembed-bitcode",
+		"-arch", allArchs[arch].iosArch,
+		"-isysroot", sdkPath,
+		"-m" + platformOS + "-version-min=" + strconv.Itoa(minsdk),
+	}
+	return clang, cflags, nil
+}
+
+func zipDir(dst, base, dir string) (err error) {
+	f, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := f.Close(); err == nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+	zipf := zip.NewWriter(f)
+	err = filepath.Walk(filepath.Join(base, dir), func(path string, f os.FileInfo, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if f.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		rel := filepath.ToSlash(path[len(base)+1:])
+		entry, err := zipf.Create(rel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		src, err := os.Open(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer src.Close()
+		_, err = io.Copy(entry, src)
+		return err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return zipf.Close()
+}

cmd/gogio/js_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os/exec"
+
+	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/runtime"
+	"github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
+
+	_ "gioui.org/unit" // the build tool adds it to go.mod, so keep it there
+)
+
+type JSTestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	// ctx is the chromedp context.
+	ctx context.Context
+}
+
+func (d *JSTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	if raceEnabled {
+		d.Skipf("js/wasm doesn't support -race; skipping")
+	}
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	dir := d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-js")
+	d.gogio("-target=js", "-o="+dir, path)
+
+	// Second, start Chrome.
+	opts := append(chromedp.DefaultExecAllocatorOptions[:],
+		chromedp.Flag("headless", *headless),
+	)
+
+	actx, cancel := chromedp.NewExecAllocator(context.Background(), opts...)
+	d.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	ctx, cancel := chromedp.NewContext(actx,
+		// Send all logf/errf calls to t.Logf
+		chromedp.WithLogf(d.Logf),
+	)
+	d.Cleanup(cancel)
+	d.ctx = ctx
+
+	if err := chromedp.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, exec.ErrNotFound) {
+			d.Skipf("test requires Chrome to be installed: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	d.Cleanup(func() { pw.Close() })
+	d.output = pr
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(ctx, func(ev interface{}) {
+		switch ev := ev.(type) {
+		case *runtime.EventConsoleAPICalled:
+			switch ev.Type {
+			case "log", "info", "warning", "error":
+				var b bytes.Buffer
+				b.WriteString("console.")
+				b.WriteString(string(ev.Type))
+				b.WriteString("(")
+				for i, arg := range ev.Args {
+					if i > 0 {
+						b.WriteString(", ")
+					}
+					b.Write(arg.Value)
+				}
+				b.WriteString(")\n")
+				pw.Write(b.Bytes())
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Third, serve the app folder, set the browser tab dimensions, and
+	// navigate to the folder.
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.FileServer(http.Dir(dir)))
+	d.Cleanup(ts.Close)
+
+	if err := chromedp.Run(ctx,
+		chromedp.EmulateViewport(int64(d.width), int64(d.height)),
+		chromedp.Navigate(ts.URL),
+	); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *JSTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	var buf []byte
+	if err := chromedp.Run(d.ctx,
+		chromedp.CaptureScreenshot(&buf),
+	); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(buf))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *JSTestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	if err := chromedp.Run(d.ctx,
+		chromedp.MouseClickXY(float64(x), float64(y)),
+	); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

cmd/gogio/jsbuild.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+
+	"golang.org/x/tools/go/packages"
+)
+
+func buildJS(bi *buildInfo) error {
+	out := *destPath
+	if out == "" {
+		out = bi.name
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(out, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command(
+		"go",
+		"build",
+		"-ldflags="+bi.ldflags,
+		"-tags="+bi.tags,
+		"-o", filepath.Join(out, "main.wasm"),
+		bi.pkgPath,
+	)
+	cmd.Env = append(
+		os.Environ(),
+		"GOOS=js",
+		"GOARCH=wasm",
+	)
+	_, err := runCmd(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var faviconPath string
+	if _, err := os.Stat(bi.iconPath); err == nil {
+		// Copy icon to the output folder
+		icon, err := ioutil.ReadFile(bi.iconPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, filepath.Base(bi.iconPath)), icon, 0600); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		faviconPath = filepath.Base(bi.iconPath)
+	}
+
+	indexTemplate, err := template.New("").Parse(jsIndex)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	if err := indexTemplate.Execute(&b, struct {
+		Name string
+		Icon string
+	}{
+		Name: bi.name,
+		Icon: faviconPath,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(out, "index.html"), b.Bytes(), 0600); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	goroot, err := runCmd(exec.Command("go", "env", "GOROOT"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wasmJS := filepath.Join(goroot, "misc", "wasm", "wasm_exec.js")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(wasmJS); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to find $GOROOT/misc/wasm/wasm_exec.js driver: %v", err)
+	}
+	pkgs, err := packages.Load(&packages.Config{
+		Mode: packages.NeedName | packages.NeedFiles | packages.NeedImports | packages.NeedDeps,
+		Env:  append(os.Environ(), "GOOS=js", "GOARCH=wasm"),
+	}, bi.pkgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	extraJS, err := findPackagesJS(pkgs[0], make(map[string]bool))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return mergeJSFiles(filepath.Join(out, "wasm.js"), append([]string{wasmJS}, extraJS...)...)
+}
+
+func findPackagesJS(p *packages.Package, visited map[string]bool) (extraJS []string, err error) {
+	if len(p.GoFiles) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	js, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(p.GoFiles[0]), "*_js.js"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	extraJS = append(extraJS, js...)
+	for _, imp := range p.Imports {
+		if !visited[imp.ID] {
+			extra, err := findPackagesJS(imp, visited)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			extraJS = append(extraJS, extra...)
+			visited[imp.ID] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return extraJS, nil
+}
+
+// mergeJSFiles will merge all files into a single `wasm.js`. It will prepend the jsSetGo
+// and append the jsStartGo.
+func mergeJSFiles(dst string, files ...string) (err error) {
+	w, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := w.Close(); err != nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err = io.Copy(w, strings.NewReader(jsSetGo))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for i := range files {
+		r, err := os.Open(files[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = io.Copy(w, r)
+		r.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	_, err = io.Copy(w, strings.NewReader(jsStartGo))
+	return err
+}
+
+const (
+	jsIndex = `<!doctype html>
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<meta charset="utf-8">
+		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no">
+		<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
+		{{ if .Icon }}<link rel="icon" href="{{.Icon}}" type="image/x-icon" />{{ end }}
+		{{ if .Name }}<title>{{.Name}}</title>{{ end }}
+		<script src="wasm.js"></script>
+		<style>
+			body,pre { margin:0;padding:0; }
+		</style>
+	</head>
+	<body>
+	</body>
+</html>`
+	// jsSetGo sets the `window.go` variable.
+	jsSetGo = `(() => {
+    window.go = {argv: [], env: {}, importObject: {go: {}}};
+	const argv = new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("argv");
+	if (argv) {
+		window.go["argv"] = argv.split(" ");
+	}
+})();`
+	// jsStartGo initializes the main.wasm.
+	jsStartGo = `(() => {
+	defaultGo = new Go();
+	Object.assign(defaultGo["argv"], defaultGo["argv"].concat(go["argv"]));
+	Object.assign(defaultGo["env"], go["env"]);
+	for (let key in go["importObject"]) {
+		if (typeof defaultGo["importObject"][key] === "undefined") {
+			defaultGo["importObject"][key] = {};
+		}
+		Object.assign(defaultGo["importObject"][key], go["importObject"][key]);
+	}
+	window.go = defaultGo;
+    if (!WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming) { // polyfill
+        WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming = async (resp, importObject) => {
+            const source = await (await resp).arrayBuffer();
+            return await WebAssembly.instantiate(source, importObject);
+        };
+    }
+    WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(fetch("main.wasm"), go.importObject).then((result) => {
+        go.run(result.instance);
+    });
+})();`
+)

cmd/gogio/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/image/draw"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+var (
+	target        = flag.String("target", "", "specify target (ios, tvos, android, js).\n")
+	archNames     = flag.String("arch", "", "specify architecture(s) to include (arm, arm64, amd64).")
+	minsdk        = flag.Int("minsdk", 0, "specify the minimum supported operating system level")
+	buildMode     = flag.String("buildmode", "exe", "specify buildmode (archive, exe)")
+	destPath      = flag.String("o", "", "output file or directory.\nFor -target ios or tvos, use the .app suffix to target simulators.")
+	appID         = flag.String("appid", "", "app identifier (for -buildmode=exe)")
+	version       = flag.Int("version", 1, "app version (for -buildmode=exe)")
+	printCommands = flag.Bool("x", false, "print the commands")
+	keepWorkdir   = flag.Bool("work", false, "print the name of the temporary work directory and do not delete it when exiting.")
+	linkMode      = flag.String("linkmode", "", "set the -linkmode flag of the go tool")
+	extraLdflags  = flag.String("ldflags", "", "extra flags to the Go linker")
+	extraTags     = flag.String("tags", "", "extra tags to the Go tool")
+	iconPath      = flag.String("icon", "", "specify an icon for iOS and Android")
+	signKey       = flag.String("signkey", "", "specify the path of the keystore to be used to sign Android apk files.")
+	signPass      = flag.String("signpass", "", "specify the password to decrypt the signkey.")
+)
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Usage = func() {
+		fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, mainUsage)
+	}
+	flag.Parse()
+	if err := flagValidate(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "gogio: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	buildInfo, err := newBuildInfo(flag.Arg(0))
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "gogio: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	if err := build(buildInfo); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "gogio: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+func flagValidate() error {
+	pkgPathArg := flag.Arg(0)
+	if pkgPathArg == "" {
+		return errors.New("specify a package")
+	}
+	if *target == "" {
+		return errors.New("please specify -target")
+	}
+	switch *target {
+	case "ios", "tvos", "android", "js", "windows":
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid -target %s", *target)
+	}
+	switch *buildMode {
+	case "archive", "exe":
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid -buildmode %s", *buildMode)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func build(bi *buildInfo) error {
+	tmpDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "gogio-")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if *keepWorkdir {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WORKDIR=%s\n", tmpDir)
+	} else {
+		defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	}
+	switch *target {
+	case "js":
+		return buildJS(bi)
+	case "ios", "tvos":
+		return buildIOS(tmpDir, *target, bi)
+	case "android":
+		return buildAndroid(tmpDir, bi)
+	case "windows":
+		return buildWindows(tmpDir, bi)
+	default:
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+}
+
+func runCmdRaw(cmd *exec.Cmd) ([]byte, error) {
+	if *printCommands {
+		fmt.Printf("%s\n", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "))
+	}
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	if err, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s failed: %s%s", strings.Join(cmd.Args, " "), out, err.Stderr)
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+func runCmd(cmd *exec.Cmd) (string, error) {
+	out, err := runCmdRaw(cmd)
+	return string(bytes.TrimSpace(out)), err
+}
+
+func copyFile(dst, src string) (err error) {
+	r, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+	w, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := w.Close(); err == nil {
+			err = cerr
+		}
+	}()
+	_, err = io.Copy(w, r)
+	return err
+}
+
+type arch struct {
+	iosArch   string
+	jniArch   string
+	clangArch string
+}
+
+var allArchs = map[string]arch{
+	"arm": {
+		iosArch:   "armv7",
+		jniArch:   "armeabi-v7a",
+		clangArch: "armv7a-linux-androideabi",
+	},
+	"arm64": {
+		iosArch:   "arm64",
+		jniArch:   "arm64-v8a",
+		clangArch: "aarch64-linux-android",
+	},
+	"386": {
+		iosArch:   "i386",
+		jniArch:   "x86",
+		clangArch: "i686-linux-android",
+	},
+	"amd64": {
+		iosArch:   "x86_64",
+		jniArch:   "x86_64",
+		clangArch: "x86_64-linux-android",
+	},
+}
+
+type iconVariant struct {
+	path string
+	size int
+	fill bool
+}
+
+func buildIcons(baseDir, icon string, variants []iconVariant) error {
+	f, err := os.Open(icon)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	img, _, err := image.Decode(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var resizes errgroup.Group
+	for _, v := range variants {
+		v := v
+		resizes.Go(func() (err error) {
+			path := filepath.Join(baseDir, v.path)
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0700); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			f, err := os.Create(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				if cerr := f.Close(); err == nil {
+					err = cerr
+				}
+			}()
+			return png.Encode(f, resizeIcon(v, img))
+		})
+	}
+	return resizes.Wait()
+}
+
+func resizeIcon(v iconVariant, img image.Image) *image.NRGBA {
+	scaled := image.NewNRGBA(image.Rectangle{Max: image.Point{X: v.size, Y: v.size}})
+	op := draw.Src
+	if v.fill {
+		op = draw.Over
+		draw.Draw(scaled, scaled.Bounds(), &image.Uniform{color.White}, image.Point{}, draw.Src)
+	}
+	draw.CatmullRom.Scale(scaled, scaled.Bounds(), img, img.Bounds(), op, nil)
+
+	return scaled
+}

cmd/gogio/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	if os.Getenv("RUN_GOGIO") != "" {
+		// Allow the end-to-end tests to call the gogio tool without
+		// having to build it from scratch, nor having to refactor the
+		// main function to avoid using global variables.
+		main()
+		os.Exit(0) // main already exits, but just in case.
+	}
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}

cmd/gogio/permission.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package main
+
+var AndroidPermissions = map[string][]string{
+	"network": {
+		"android.permission.INTERNET",
+	},
+	"networkstate": {
+		"android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE",
+	},
+	"bluetooth": {
+		"android.permission.BLUETOOTH",
+		"android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN",
+		"android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION",
+	},
+	"camera": {
+		"android.permission.CAMERA",
+	},
+	"storage": {
+		"android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",
+		"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",
+	},
+}
+
+var AndroidFeatures = map[string][]string{
+	"default": {`glEsVersion="0x00020000"`, `name="android.hardware.type.pc"`},
+	"bluetooth": {
+		`name="android.hardware.bluetooth"`,
+		`name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le"`,
+	},
+	"camera": {
+		`name="android.hardware.camera"`,
+	},
+}

cmd/gogio/race_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+//go:build race
+// +build race
+
+package main_test
+
+func init() { raceEnabled = true }

cmd/gogio/testdata/testdata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+// A simple app used for gogio's end-to-end tests.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"log"
+
+	"gioui.org/app"
+	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/layout"
+	"gioui.org/op"
+	"gioui.org/op/clip"
+	"gioui.org/op/paint"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	go func() {
+		w := app.NewWindow()
+		if err := loop(w); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}()
+	app.Main()
+}
+
+type notifyFrame int
+
+const (
+	notifyNone notifyFrame = iota
+	notifyInvalidate
+	notifyPrint
+)
+
+// notify keeps track of whether we want to print to stdout to notify the user
+// when a frame is ready. Initially we want to notify about the first frame.
+var notify = notifyInvalidate
+
+type (
+	C = layout.Context
+	D = layout.Dimensions
+)
+
+func loop(w *app.Window) error {
+	topLeft := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0xde, G: 0xad, B: 0xbe, A: 0xff},
+	}
+	topRight := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0xff, B: 0xff, A: 0xff},
+	}
+	botLeft := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0x00, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff},
+	}
+	botRight := quarterWidget{
+		color: color.NRGBA{R: 0x00, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0x80},
+	}
+
+	var ops op.Ops
+	for {
+		e := <-w.Events()
+		switch e := e.(type) {
+		case system.DestroyEvent:
+			return e.Err
+		case system.FrameEvent:
+			gtx := layout.NewContext(&ops, e)
+			// Clear background to white, even on embedded platforms such as webassembly.
+			paint.Fill(gtx.Ops, color.NRGBA{A: 0xff, R: 0xff, G: 0xff, B: 0xff})
+			layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Vertical}.Layout(gtx,
+				layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D {
+					return layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Horizontal}.Layout(gtx,
+						// r1c1
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return topLeft.Layout(gtx) }),
+						// r1c2
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return topRight.Layout(gtx) }),
+					)
+				}),
+				layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D {
+					return layout.Flex{Axis: layout.Horizontal}.Layout(gtx,
+						// r2c1
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return botLeft.Layout(gtx) }),
+						// r2c2
+						layout.Flexed(1, func(gtx C) D { return botRight.Layout(gtx) }),
+					)
+				}),
+			)
+
+			e.Frame(gtx.Ops)
+
+			switch notify {
+			case notifyInvalidate:
+				notify = notifyPrint
+				w.Invalidate()
+			case notifyPrint:
+				notify = notifyNone
+				fmt.Println("gio frame ready")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// quarterWidget paints a quarter of the screen with one color. When clicked, it
+// turns red, going back to its normal color when clicked again.
+type quarterWidget struct {
+	color color.NRGBA
+
+	clicked bool
+}
+
+var red = color.NRGBA{R: 0xff, G: 0x00, B: 0x00, A: 0xff}
+
+func (w *quarterWidget) Layout(gtx layout.Context) layout.Dimensions {
+	var color color.NRGBA
+	if w.clicked {
+		color = red
+	} else {
+		color = w.color
+	}
+
+	r := image.Rectangle{Max: gtx.Constraints.Max}
+	paint.FillShape(gtx.Ops, color, clip.Rect(r).Op())
+
+	defer clip.Rect(image.Rectangle{
+		Max: image.Pt(gtx.Constraints.Max.X, gtx.Constraints.Max.Y),
+	}).Push(gtx.Ops).Pop()
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   w,
+		Types: pointer.Press,
+	}.Add(gtx.Ops)
+
+	for _, e := range gtx.Events(w) {
+		if e, ok := e.(pointer.Event); ok && e.Type == pointer.Press {
+			w.clicked = !w.clicked
+			// notify when we're done updating the frame.
+			notify = notifyInvalidate
+		}
+	}
+	return layout.Dimensions{Size: gtx.Constraints.Max}
+}

cmd/gogio/wayland_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"text/template"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type WaylandTestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	runtimeDir string
+	socket     string
+	display    string
+}
+
+// No bars or anything fancy. Just a white background with our dimensions.
+var tmplSwayConfig = template.Must(template.New("").Parse(`
+output * bg #FFFFFF solid_color
+output * mode {{.Width}}x{{.Height}}
+default_border none
+`))
+
+var rxSwayReady = regexp.MustCompile(`Running compositor on wayland display '(.*)'`)
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	// We want os.Environ, so that it can e.g. find $DISPLAY to run within
+	// X11. wlroots env vars are documented at:
+	// https://github.com/swaywm/wlroots/blob/master/docs/env_vars.md
+	env := os.Environ()
+	if *headless {
+		env = append(env, "WLR_BACKENDS=headless")
+	}
+
+	d.needPrograms(
+		"sway",    // to run a wayland compositor
+		"grim",    // to take screenshots
+		"swaymsg", // to send input
+	)
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	dir := d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-wayland")
+	bin := filepath.Join(dir, "red")
+	flags := []string{"build", "-tags", "nox11", "-o=" + bin}
+	if raceEnabled {
+		flags = append(flags, "-race")
+	}
+	flags = append(flags, path)
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", flags...)
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("could not build app: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	conf := filepath.Join(dir, "config")
+	f, err := os.Create(conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if err := tmplSwayConfig.Execute(f, struct{ Width, Height int }{
+		d.width, d.height,
+	}); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	d.socket = filepath.Join(dir, "socket")
+	env = append(env, "SWAYSOCK="+d.socket)
+	d.runtimeDir = dir
+	env = append(env, "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR="+d.runtimeDir)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	d.Cleanup(wg.Wait)
+
+	// First, start sway.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sway", "--config", conf, "--verbose")
+		cmd.Env = env
+		stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		d.Cleanup(func() {
+			// Give it a chance to exit gracefully, cleaning up
+			// after itself. After 10ms, the deferred cancel above
+			// will signal an os.Kill.
+			cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt)
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+		})
+
+		// Wait for sway to be ready. We probably don't need a deadline
+		// here.
+		br := bufio.NewReader(stderr)
+		for {
+			line, err := br.ReadString('\n')
+			if err != nil {
+				d.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if m := rxSwayReady.FindStringSubmatch(line); m != nil {
+				d.display = m[1]
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "interrupt") {
+				// Don't print all stderr, since we use --verbose.
+				// TODO(mvdan): if it's useful, probably filter
+				// errors and show them.
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Then, start our program on the sway compositor above.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin)
+		cmd.Env = []string{"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=" + d.runtimeDir, "WAYLAND_DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	cmd := exec.Command("grim", "/dev/stdout")
+	cmd.Env = []string{"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=" + d.runtimeDir, "WAYLAND_DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(out))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) swaymsg(args ...interface{}) {
+	strs := []string{"--socket", d.socket}
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		strs = append(strs, fmt.Sprint(arg))
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("swaymsg", strs...)
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *WaylandTestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	d.swaymsg("seat", "-", "cursor", "set", x, y)
+	d.swaymsg("seat", "-", "cursor", "press", "button1")
+	d.swaymsg("seat", "-", "cursor", "release", "button1")
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

cmd/gogio/windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"image"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/image/draw"
+)
+
+// Wine is tightly coupled with X11 at the moment, and we can reuse the same
+// methods to automate screenshots and clicks. The main difference is how we
+// build and run the app.
+
+// The only quirk is that it seems impossible for the Wine window to take the
+// entirety of the X server's dimensions, even if we try to resize it to take
+// the entire display. It seems to want to leave some vertical space empty,
+// presumably for window decorations or the "start" bar on Windows. To work
+// around that, make the X server 50x50px bigger, and crop the screenshots back
+// to the original size.
+
+type WineTestDriver struct {
+	X11TestDriver
+}
+
+func (d *WineTestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	d.needPrograms("wine")
+
+	// First, build the app.
+	bin := filepath.Join(d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-windows"), "red.exe")
+	flags := []string{"build", "-o=" + bin}
+	if raceEnabled {
+		if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+			// cross-compilation disables CGo, which breaks -race.
+			d.Skipf("can't cross-compile -race for Windows; skipping")
+		}
+		flags = append(flags, "-race")
+	}
+	flags = append(flags, path)
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", flags...)
+	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
+	cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GOOS=windows")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("could not build app: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	d.Cleanup(wg.Wait)
+
+	// Add 50x50px to the display dimensions, as discussed earlier.
+	d.startServer(&wg, d.width+50, d.height+50)
+
+	// Then, start our program via Wine on the X server above.
+	{
+		cacheDir, err := os.UserCacheDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// Use a wine directory separate from the default ~/.wine, so
+		// that the user's winecfg doesn't affect our test. This will
+		// default to ~/.cache/gio-e2e-wine. We use the user's cache,
+		// to reuse a previously set up wineprefix.
+		wineprefix := filepath.Join(cacheDir, "gio-e2e-wine")
+
+		// First, ensure that wineprefix is up to date with wineboot.
+		// Wait for this separately from the first frame, as setting up
+		// a new prefix might take 5s on its own.
+		env := []string{
+			"DISPLAY=" + d.display,
+			"WINEDEBUG=fixme-all", // hide "fixme" noise
+			"WINEPREFIX=" + wineprefix,
+
+			// Disable wine-gecko (Explorer) and wine-mono (.NET).
+			// Otherwise, if not installed, wineboot will get stuck
+			// with a prompt to install them on the virtual X
+			// display. Moreover, Gio doesn't need either, and wine
+			// is faster without them.
+			"WINEDLLOVERRIDES=mscoree,mshtml=",
+		}
+		{
+			start := time.Now()
+			cmd := exec.Command("wine", "wineboot", "-i")
+			cmd.Env = env
+			// Use a combined output pipe instead of CombinedOutput,
+			// so that we only wait for the child process to exit,
+			// and we don't need to wait for all of wine's
+			// grandchildren to exit and stop writing. This is
+			// relevant as wine leaves "wineserver" lingering for
+			// three seconds by default, to be reused later.
+			stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+			if err != nil {
+				d.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+			if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+				io.Copy(os.Stderr, stdout)
+				d.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			d.Logf("set up WINEPREFIX in %s", time.Since(start))
+		}
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "wine", bin)
+		cmd.Env = env
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+
+	// xdotool seems to fail at actually moving the window if we use it
+	// immediately after Gio is ready. Why?
+	// We can't tell if the windowmove operation worked until we take a
+	// screenshot, because the getwindowgeometry op reports the 0x0
+	// coordinates even if the window wasn't moved properly.
+	// A sleep of ~20ms seems to be enough on an idle laptop. Use 20x that.
+	// TODO(mvdan): revisit this, when you have a spare three hours.
+	time.Sleep(400 * time.Millisecond)
+	id := d.xdotool("search", "--sync", "--onlyvisible", "--name", "Gio")
+	d.xdotool("windowmove", "--sync", id, 0, 0)
+}
+
+func (d *WineTestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	img := d.X11TestDriver.Screenshot()
+	// Crop the screenshot back to the original dimensions.
+	cropped := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, d.width, d.height))
+	draw.Draw(cropped, cropped.Bounds(), img, image.Point{}, draw.Src)
+	return cropped
+}

cmd/gogio/windowsbuild.go

@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"text/template"
+
+	"github.com/akavel/rsrc/binutil"
+	"github.com/akavel/rsrc/coff"
+	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/unicode"
+)
+
+func buildWindows(tmpDir string, bi *buildInfo) error {
+	builder := &windowsBuilder{TempDir: tmpDir}
+	builder.DestDir = *destPath
+	if builder.DestDir == "" {
+		builder.DestDir = bi.pkgPath
+	}
+
+	name := bi.name
+	if *destPath != "" {
+		if filepath.Ext(*destPath) != ".exe" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid output name %q, it must end with `.exe`", *destPath)
+		}
+		name = filepath.Base(*destPath)
+	}
+	name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, ".exe")
+	sdk := bi.minsdk
+	if sdk > 10 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid minsdk (%d) it's higher than Windows 10", sdk)
+	}
+	version := strconv.Itoa(bi.version)
+	if bi.version > math.MaxUint16 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("version (%d) is larger than the maximum (%d)", bi.version, math.MaxUint16)
+	}
+
+	for _, arch := range bi.archs {
+		builder.Coff = coff.NewRSRC()
+		builder.Coff.Arch(arch)
+
+		if err := builder.embedIcon(bi.iconPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.embedManifest(windowsManifest{
+			Version:        "1.0.0." + version,
+			WindowsVersion: sdk,
+			Name:           name,
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't create manifest: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.embedInfo(windowsResources{
+			Version:      [2]uint32{uint32(1) << 16, uint32(bi.version)},
+			VersionHuman: "1.0.0." + version,
+			Name:         name,
+			Language:     0x0400, // Process Default Language: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/ms957130(v=msdn.10)
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't create info: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.buildResource(bi, name, arch); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't build the resources: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := builder.buildProgram(bi, name, arch); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type (
+	windowsResources struct {
+		Version      [2]uint32
+		VersionHuman string
+		Language     uint16
+		Name         string
+	}
+	windowsManifest struct {
+		Version        string
+		WindowsVersion int
+		Name           string
+	}
+	windowsBuilder struct {
+		TempDir string
+		DestDir string
+		Coff    *coff.Coff
+	}
+)
+
+const (
+	// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/menurc/resource-types
+	windowsResourceIcon      = 3
+	windowsResourceIconGroup = windowsResourceIcon + 11
+	windowsResourceManifest  = 24
+	windowsResourceVersion   = 16
+)
+
+type bufferCoff struct {
+	bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+func (b *bufferCoff) Size() int64 {
+	return int64(b.Len())
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) embedIcon(path string) (err error) {
+	iconFile, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("can't read the icon located at %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+	defer iconFile.Close()
+
+	iconImage, err := png.Decode(iconFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("can't decode the PNG file (%s): %v", path, err)
+	}
+
+	sizes := []int{16, 32, 48, 64, 128, 256}
+	var iconHeader bufferCoff
+
+	// GRPICONDIR structure.
+	if err := binary.Write(&iconHeader, binary.LittleEndian, [3]uint16{0, 1, uint16(len(sizes))}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, size := range sizes {
+		var iconBuffer bufferCoff
+
+		if err := png.Encode(&iconBuffer, resizeIcon(iconVariant{size: size, fill: false}, iconImage)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't encode image: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceIcon, uint16(size), &iconBuffer)
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&iconHeader, binary.LittleEndian, struct {
+			Size     [2]uint8
+			Color    [2]uint8
+			Planes   uint16
+			BitCount uint16
+			Length   uint32
+			Id       uint16
+		}{
+			Size:     [2]uint8{uint8(size % 256), uint8(size % 256)}, // "0" means 256px.
+			Planes:   1,
+			BitCount: 32,
+			Length:   uint32(iconBuffer.Len()),
+			Id:       uint16(size),
+		}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceIconGroup, 1, &iconHeader)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) buildResource(buildInfo *buildInfo, name string, arch string) error {
+	out, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(buildInfo.pkgPath, name+"_windows_"+arch+".syso"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+	b.Coff.Freeze()
+
+	// See https://github.com/akavel/rsrc/internal/write.go#L13.
+	w := binutil.Writer{W: out}
+	binutil.Walk(b.Coff, func(v reflect.Value, path string) error {
+		if binutil.Plain(v.Kind()) {
+			w.WriteLE(v.Interface())
+			return nil
+		}
+		vv, ok := v.Interface().(binutil.SizedReader)
+		if ok {
+			w.WriteFromSized(vv)
+			return binutil.WALK_SKIP
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if w.Err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error writing output file: %s", w.Err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) buildProgram(buildInfo *buildInfo, name string, arch string) error {
+	dest := b.DestDir
+	if len(buildInfo.archs) > 1 {
+		dest = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(b.DestDir), name+"_"+arch+".exe")
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(
+		"go",
+		"build",
+		"-ldflags=-H=windowsgui "+buildInfo.ldflags,
+		"-tags="+buildInfo.tags,
+		"-o", dest,
+		buildInfo.pkgPath,
+	)
+	cmd.Env = append(
+		os.Environ(),
+		"GOOS=windows",
+		"GOARCH="+arch,
+	)
+	_, err := runCmd(cmd)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) embedManifest(v windowsManifest) error {
+	t, err := template.New("manifest").Parse(`<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+    <assemblyIdentity type="win32" name="{{.Name}}" version="{{.Version}}" />
+    <description>{{.Name}}</description>
+    <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
+        <application>
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 10)}}<supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 9)}}<supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 8)}}<supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 7)}}<supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
+{{end}}
+            {{if (le .WindowsVersion 6)}}<supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/>
+{{end}}
+        </application>
+    </compatibility>
+    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+        <security>
+            <requestedPrivileges>
+                <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
+            </requestedPrivileges>
+        </security>
+    </trustInfo>
+	<asmv3:application>
+		<asmv3:windowsSettings>
+			<dpiAware xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">true</dpiAware>
+		</asmv3:windowsSettings>
+	</asmv3:application>
+</assembly>`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var manifest bufferCoff
+	if err := t.Execute(&manifest, v); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceManifest, 1, &manifest)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *windowsBuilder) embedInfo(v windowsResources) error {
+	page := uint16(1)
+
+	// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/vs-versioninfo
+	t := newValue(valueBinary, "VS_VERSION_INFO", []io.WriterTo{
+		// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/api/VerRsrc/ns-verrsrc-vs_fixedfileinfo
+		windowsInfoValueFixed{
+			Signature:      0xFEEF04BD,
+			StructVersion:  0x00010000,
+			FileVersion:    v.Version,
+			ProductVersion: v.Version,
+			FileFlagMask:   0x3F,
+			FileFlags:      0,
+			FileOS:         0x40004,
+			FileType:       0x1,
+			FileSubType:    0,
+		},
+		// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/stringfileinfo
+		newValue(valueText, "StringFileInfo", []io.WriterTo{
+			// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/stringtable
+			newValue(valueText, fmt.Sprintf("%04X%04X", v.Language, page), []io.WriterTo{
+				// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/string-str
+				newValue(valueText, "ProductVersion", v.VersionHuman),
+				newValue(valueText, "FileVersion", v.VersionHuman),
+				newValue(valueText, "FileDescription", v.Name),
+				newValue(valueText, "ProductName", v.Name),
+				// TODO include more data: gogio must have some way to provide such information (like Company Name, Copyright...)
+			}),
+		}),
+		// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/varfileinfo
+		newValue(valueBinary, "VarFileInfo", []io.WriterTo{
+			// https://docs.microsoft.com/pt-br/windows/win32/menurc/var-str
+			newValue(valueBinary, "Translation", uint32(page)<<16|uint32(v.Language)),
+		}),
+	})
+
+	// For some reason the ValueLength of the VS_VERSIONINFO must be the byte-length of `windowsInfoValueFixed`:
+	t.ValueLength = 52
+
+	var verrsrc bufferCoff
+	if _, err := t.WriteTo(&verrsrc); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	b.Coff.AddResource(windowsResourceVersion, 1, &verrsrc)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type windowsInfoValueFixed struct {
+	Signature      uint32
+	StructVersion  uint32
+	FileVersion    [2]uint32
+	ProductVersion [2]uint32
+	FileFlagMask   uint32
+	FileFlags      uint32
+	FileOS         uint32
+	FileType       uint32
+	FileSubType    uint32
+	FileDate       [2]uint32
+}
+
+func (v windowsInfoValueFixed) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (_ int64, err error) {
+	return 0, binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+}
+
+type windowsInfoValue struct {
+	Length      uint16
+	ValueLength uint16
+	Type        uint16
+	Key         []byte
+	Value       []byte
+}
+
+func (v windowsInfoValue) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (_ int64, err error) {
+	// binary.Write doesn't support []byte inside struct.
+	if err = binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, [3]uint16{v.Length, v.ValueLength, v.Type}); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if _, err = w.Write(v.Key); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if _, err = w.Write(v.Value); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+const (
+	valueBinary uint16 = 0
+	valueText   uint16 = 1
+)
+
+func newValue(valueType uint16, key string, input interface{}) windowsInfoValue {
+	v := windowsInfoValue{
+		Type:   valueType,
+		Length: 6,
+	}
+
+	padding := func(in []byte) []byte {
+		if l := uint16(len(in)) + v.Length; l%4 != 0 {
+			return append(in, make([]byte, 4-l%4)...)
+		}
+		return in
+	}
+
+	v.Key = padding(utf16Encode(key))
+	v.Length += uint16(len(v.Key))
+
+	switch in := input.(type) {
+	case string:
+		v.Value = padding(utf16Encode(in))
+		v.ValueLength = uint16(len(v.Value) / 2)
+	case []io.WriterTo:
+		var buff bytes.Buffer
+		for k := range in {
+			if _, err := in[k].WriteTo(&buff); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+		}
+		v.Value = buff.Bytes()
+	default:
+		var buff bytes.Buffer
+		if err := binary.Write(&buff, binary.LittleEndian, in); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		v.ValueLength = uint16(buff.Len())
+		v.Value = buff.Bytes()
+	}
+
+	v.Length += uint16(len(v.Value))
+
+	return v
+}
+
+// utf16Encode encodes the string to UTF16 with null-termination.
+func utf16Encode(s string) []byte {
+	b, err := unicode.UTF16(unicode.LittleEndian, unicode.IgnoreBOM).NewEncoder().Bytes([]byte(s))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return append(b, 0x00, 0x00) // null-termination.
+}

cmd/gogio/x11_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/png"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type X11TestDriver struct {
+	driverBase
+
+	display string
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) Start(path string) {
+	// First, build the app.
+	bin := filepath.Join(d.tempDir("gio-endtoend-x11"), "red")
+	flags := []string{"build", "-tags", "nowayland", "-o=" + bin}
+	if raceEnabled {
+		flags = append(flags, "-race")
+	}
+	flags = append(flags, path)
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", flags...)
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatalf("could not build app: %s:\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	d.Cleanup(wg.Wait)
+
+	d.startServer(&wg, d.width, d.height)
+
+	// Then, start our program on the X server above.
+	{
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin)
+		cmd.Env = []string{"DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+		output, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+		d.output = output
+		if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+			d.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		d.Cleanup(cancel)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				d.Error(err)
+			}
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) startServer(wg *sync.WaitGroup, width, height int) {
+	// Pick a random display number between 1 and 100,000. Most machines
+	// will only be using :0, so there's only a 0.001% chance of two
+	// concurrent test runs to run into a conflict.
+	rnd := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
+	d.display = fmt.Sprintf(":%d", rnd.Intn(100000)+1)
+
+	var xprog string
+	xflags := []string{
+		"-wr", // we want a white background; the default is black
+	}
+	if *headless {
+		xprog = "Xvfb" // virtual X server
+		xflags = append(xflags, "-screen", "0", fmt.Sprintf("%dx%dx24", width, height))
+	} else {
+		xprog = "Xephyr" // nested X server as a window
+		xflags = append(xflags, "-screen", fmt.Sprintf("%dx%d", width, height))
+	}
+	xflags = append(xflags, d.display)
+
+	d.needPrograms(
+		xprog,     // to run the X server
+		"scrot",   // to take screenshots
+		"xdotool", // to send input
+	)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, xprog, xflags...)
+	combined := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	cmd.Stdout = combined
+	cmd.Stderr = combined
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	d.Cleanup(cancel)
+	d.Cleanup(func() {
+		// Give it a chance to exit gracefully, cleaning up
+		// after itself. After 10ms, the deferred cancel above
+		// will signal an os.Kill.
+		cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt)
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	})
+
+	// Wait for the X server to be ready. The socket path isn't
+	// terribly portable, but that's okay for now.
+	withRetries(d.T, time.Second, func() error {
+		socket := fmt.Sprintf("/tmp/.X11-unix/X%s", d.display[1:])
+		_, err := os.Stat(socket)
+		return err
+	})
+
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+			// Print all output and error.
+			io.Copy(os.Stdout, combined)
+			d.Error(err)
+		}
+		wg.Done()
+	}()
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) Screenshot() image.Image {
+	cmd := exec.Command("scrot", "--silent", "--overwrite", "/dev/stdout")
+	cmd.Env = []string{"DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, err := png.Decode(bytes.NewReader(out))
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return img
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) xdotool(args ...interface{}) string {
+	d.Helper()
+	strs := make([]string, len(args))
+	for i, arg := range args {
+		strs[i] = fmt.Sprint(arg)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.Command("xdotool", strs...)
+	cmd.Env = []string{"DISPLAY=" + d.display}
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		d.Errorf("%s", out)
+		d.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return string(bytes.TrimSpace(out))
+}
+
+func (d *X11TestDriver) Click(x, y int) {
+	d.xdotool("mousemove", "--sync", x, y)
+	d.xdotool("click", "1")
+
+	// Wait for the gio app to render after this click.
+	d.waitForFrame()
+}

f32/affine.go

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 package f32
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"math"
-	"strconv"
 )
 
-// Affine2D represents an affine 2D transformation. The zero value of Affine2D
+// Affine2D represents an affine 2D transformation. The zero value if Affine2D
 // represents the identity transform.
 type Affine2D struct {
 	// in order to make the zero value of Affine2D represent the identity
@@ -30,15 +30,6 @@ func NewAffine2D(sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy float32) Affine2D {
 	}
 }
 
-// AffineId returns an identity transformation matrix that represents no transformation
-// when applied.
-func AffineId() Affine2D {
-	return NewAffine2D(
-		1, 0, 0,
-		0, 1, 0,
-	)
-}
-
 // Offset the transformation.
 func (a Affine2D) Offset(offset Point) Affine2D {
 	return Affine2D{
@@ -121,15 +112,6 @@ func (a Affine2D) Elems() (sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy float32) {
 	return a.a + 1, a.b, a.c, a.d, a.e + 1, a.f
 }
 
-// Split a transform into two parts, one which is pure offset and the
-// other representing the scaling, shearing and rotation part.
-func (a Affine2D) Split() (srs Affine2D, offset Point) {
-	return Affine2D{
-		a: a.a, b: a.b, c: 0,
-		d: a.d, e: a.e, f: 0,
-	}, Point{X: a.c, Y: a.f}
-}
-
 func (a Affine2D) scale(factor Point) Affine2D {
 	return Affine2D{
 		(a.a+1)*factor.X - 1, a.b * factor.X, a.c * factor.X,
@@ -157,25 +139,5 @@ func (a Affine2D) shear(radiansX, radiansY float32) Affine2D {
 
 func (a Affine2D) String() string {
 	sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy := a.Elems()
-
-	// precision 6, one period, negative sign and space per number
-	const prec = 6
-	const charsPerFloat = prec + 2 + 1
-	s := make([]byte, 0, 6*charsPerFloat+6)
-
-	s = append(s, '[', '[')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(sx), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(hx), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(ox), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ']', ' ', '[')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(hy), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(sy), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ' ')
-	s = strconv.AppendFloat(s, float64(oy), 'g', prec, 32)
-	s = append(s, ']', ']')
-
-	return string(s)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[[%f %f %f] [%f %f %f]]", sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy)
 }

f32/affine_test.go

@@ -27,51 +27,25 @@ func TestTransformOffset(t *testing.T) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 2}
 	o := Point{X: 2, Y: -3}
 
-	r := AffineId().Offset(o).Transform(p)
+	r := Affine2D{}.Offset(o).Transform(p)
 	if !eq(r, Pt(3, -1)) {
 		t.Errorf("offset transformation mismatch: have %v, want {3 -1}", r)
 	}
-	i := AffineId().Offset(o).Invert().Transform(r)
+	i := Affine2D{}.Offset(o).Invert().Transform(r)
 	if !eq(i, p) {
 		t.Errorf("offset transformation inverse mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, p)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestString(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		in  Affine2D
-		exp string
-	}{
-		{
-			in:  NewAffine2D(9, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23),
-			exp: "[[9 11 13] [17 19 23]]",
-		}, {
-			in:  NewAffine2D(29, 31, 37, 43, 47, 53),
-			exp: "[[29 31 37] [43 47 53]]",
-		}, {
-			in:  NewAffine2D(29.142342, 31.4123412, 37.53152, 43.51324213, 47.123412, 53.14312342),
-			exp: "[[29.1423 31.4123 37.5315] [43.5132 47.1234 53.1431]]",
-		}, {
-			in:  AffineId(),
-			exp: "[[1 0 0] [0 1 0]]",
-		},
-	}
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		if test.in.String() != test.exp {
-			t.Errorf("string mismatch: have %q, want %q", test.in.String(), test.exp)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestTransformScale(t *testing.T) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 2}
 	s := Point{X: -1, Y: 2}
 
-	r := AffineId().Scale(Point{}, s).Transform(p)
+	r := Affine2D{}.Scale(Point{}, s).Transform(p)
 	if !eq(r, Pt(-1, 4)) {
 		t.Errorf("scale transformation mismatch: have %v, want {-1 4}", r)
 	}
-	i := AffineId().Scale(Point{}, s).Invert().Transform(r)
+	i := Affine2D{}.Scale(Point{}, s).Invert().Transform(r)
 	if !eq(i, p) {
 		t.Errorf("scale transformation inverse mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, p)
 	}
@@ -81,11 +55,11 @@ func TestTransformRotate(t *testing.T) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 0}
 	a := float32(math.Pi / 2)
 
-	r := AffineId().Rotate(Point{}, a).Transform(p)
+	r := Affine2D{}.Rotate(Point{}, a).Transform(p)
 	if !eq(r, Pt(0, 1)) {
 		t.Errorf("rotate transformation mismatch: have %v, want {0 1}", r)
 	}
-	i := AffineId().Rotate(Point{}, a).Invert().Transform(r)
+	i := Affine2D{}.Rotate(Point{}, a).Invert().Transform(r)
 	if !eq(i, p) {
 		t.Errorf("rotate transformation inverse mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, p)
 	}
@@ -94,11 +68,11 @@ func TestTransformRotate(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTransformShear(t *testing.T) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 1}
 
-	r := AffineId().Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Transform(p)
+	r := Affine2D{}.Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Transform(p)
 	if !eq(r, Pt(2, 1)) {
 		t.Errorf("shear transformation mismatch: have %v, want {2 1}", r)
 	}
-	i := AffineId().Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Invert().Transform(r)
+	i := Affine2D{}.Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Invert().Transform(r)
 	if !eq(i, p) {
 		t.Errorf("shear transformation inverse mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, p)
 	}
@@ -110,11 +84,11 @@ func TestTransformMultiply(t *testing.T) {
 	s := Point{X: -1, Y: 2}
 	a := float32(-math.Pi / 2)
 
-	r := AffineId().Offset(o).Scale(Point{}, s).Rotate(Point{}, a).Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Transform(p)
+	r := Affine2D{}.Offset(o).Scale(Point{}, s).Rotate(Point{}, a).Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Transform(p)
 	if !eq(r, Pt(1, 3)) {
 		t.Errorf("complex transformation mismatch: have %v, want {1 3}", r)
 	}
-	i := AffineId().Offset(o).Scale(Point{}, s).Rotate(Point{}, a).Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Invert().Transform(r)
+	i := Affine2D{}.Offset(o).Scale(Point{}, s).Rotate(Point{}, a).Shear(Point{}, math.Pi/4, 0).Invert().Transform(r)
 	if !eq(i, p) {
 		t.Errorf("complex transformation inverse mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, p)
 	}
@@ -166,7 +140,7 @@ func TestPrimes(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTransformScaleAround(t *testing.T) {
 	p := Pt(-1, -1)
 	target := Pt(-6, -13)
-	pt := AffineId().Scale(Pt(4, 5), Pt(2, 3)).Transform(p)
+	pt := Affine2D{}.Scale(Pt(4, 5), Pt(2, 3)).Transform(p)
 	if !eq(pt, target) {
 		t.Log(pt, "!=", target)
 		t.Error("Scale not as expected")
@@ -175,7 +149,7 @@ func TestTransformScaleAround(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestTransformRotateAround(t *testing.T) {
 	p := Pt(-1, -1)
-	pt := AffineId().Rotate(Pt(1, 1), -math.Pi/2).Transform(p)
+	pt := Affine2D{}.Rotate(Pt(1, 1), -math.Pi/2).Transform(p)
 	target := Pt(-1, 3)
 	if !eq(pt, target) {
 		t.Log(pt, "!=", target)
@@ -184,12 +158,12 @@ func TestTransformRotateAround(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestMulOrder(t *testing.T) {
-	A := AffineId().Offset(Pt(100, 100))
-	B := AffineId().Scale(Point{}, Pt(2, 2))
+	A := Affine2D{}.Offset(Pt(100, 100))
+	B := Affine2D{}.Scale(Point{}, Pt(2, 2))
 	_ = A
 	_ = B
 
-	T1 := AffineId().Offset(Pt(100, 100)).Scale(Point{}, Pt(2, 2))
+	T1 := Affine2D{}.Offset(Pt(100, 100)).Scale(Point{}, Pt(2, 2))
 	T2 := B.Mul(A)
 
 	if T1 != T2 {
@@ -202,9 +176,9 @@ func TestMulOrder(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkTransformOffset(b *testing.B) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 2}
 	o := Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5}
-	aff := AffineId().Offset(o)
+	aff := Affine2D{}.Offset(o)
 
-	for b.Loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		p = aff.Transform(p)
 	}
 	_ = p
@@ -213,8 +187,8 @@ func BenchmarkTransformOffset(b *testing.B) {
 func BenchmarkTransformScale(b *testing.B) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 2}
 	s := Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5}
-	aff := AffineId().Scale(Point{}, s)
-	for b.Loop() {
+	aff := Affine2D{}.Scale(Point{}, s)
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		p = aff.Transform(p)
 	}
 	_ = p
@@ -223,163 +197,36 @@ func BenchmarkTransformScale(b *testing.B) {
 func BenchmarkTransformRotate(b *testing.B) {
 	p := Point{X: 1, Y: 2}
 	a := float32(math.Pi / 2)
-	aff := AffineId().Rotate(Point{}, a)
-	for b.Loop() {
+	aff := Affine2D{}.Rotate(Point{}, a)
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		p = aff.Transform(p)
 	}
 	_ = p
 }
 
 func BenchmarkTransformTranslateMultiply(b *testing.B) {
-	a := AffineId().Offset(Point{X: 1, Y: 1}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/3)
-	t := AffineId().Offset(Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5})
+	a := Affine2D{}.Offset(Point{X: 1, Y: 1}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/3)
+	t := Affine2D{}.Offset(Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5})
 
-	for b.Loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		a = a.Mul(t)
 	}
 }
 
 func BenchmarkTransformScaleMultiply(b *testing.B) {
-	a := AffineId().Offset(Point{X: 1, Y: 1}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/3)
-	t := AffineId().Offset(Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5}).Scale(Point{}, Point{X: 0.4, Y: -0.5})
+	a := Affine2D{}.Offset(Point{X: 1, Y: 1}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/3)
+	t := Affine2D{}.Offset(Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5}).Scale(Point{}, Point{X: 0.4, Y: -0.5})
 
-	for b.Loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		a = a.Mul(t)
 	}
 }
 
 func BenchmarkTransformMultiply(b *testing.B) {
-	a := AffineId().Offset(Point{X: 1, Y: 1}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/3)
-	t := AffineId().Offset(Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/7)
+	a := Affine2D{}.Offset(Point{X: 1, Y: 1}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/3)
+	t := Affine2D{}.Offset(Point{X: 0.5, Y: 0.5}).Rotate(Point{}, math.Pi/7)
 
-	for b.Loop() {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		a = a.Mul(t)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestNewAffine2D(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy float32
-		expected               Affine2D
-	}{
-		{1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, AffineId()},
-		{2, 0, 5, 0, 3, 7, Affine2D{a: 1, b: 0, c: 5, d: 0, e: 2, f: 7}},
-		{-1, 2, 3, 4, -5, 6, Affine2D{a: -2, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, e: -6, f: 6}},
-	}
-
-	for i, test := range tests {
-		got := NewAffine2D(test.sx, test.hx, test.ox, test.hy, test.sy, test.oy)
-		if !eqaff(got, test.expected) {
-			t.Errorf(
-				"Test %d: NewAffine2D(%v, %v, %v, %v, %v, %v) = %v, want %v",
-				i, test.sx, test.hx, test.ox, test.hy, test.sy, test.oy, got, test.expected,
-			)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAffineId(t *testing.T) {
-	id := AffineId()
-
-	testPoints := []Point{
-		{0, 0},
-		{1, 0},
-		{0, 1},
-		{-1, -1},
-		{10, 20},
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range testPoints {
-		transformed := id.Transform(p)
-		if !eq(transformed, p) {
-			t.Errorf("Identity transform changed point: %v -> %v", p, transformed)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestElems(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		aff                    Affine2D
-		sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy float32
-	}{
-		{AffineId(), 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
-		{Affine2D{a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5, f: 6}, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6},
-		{NewAffine2D(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12},
-	}
-
-	for i, test := range tests {
-		sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy := test.aff.Elems()
-		if sx != test.sx || hx != test.hx || ox != test.ox ||
-			hy != test.hy || sy != test.sy || oy != test.oy {
-			t.Errorf(
-				"Test %d: %v.Elems() = (%v, %v, %v, %v, %v, %v), want (%v, %v, %v, %v, %v, %v)",
-				i, test.aff, sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy, test.sx, test.hx, test.ox, test.hy, test.sy, test.oy,
-			)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		aff            Affine2D
-		expectedSRS    Affine2D
-		expectedOffset Point
-	}{
-		{
-			AffineId(),
-			AffineId(),
-			Point{0, 0},
-		},
-		{
-			Affine2D{a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5, f: 6},
-			Affine2D{a: 1, b: 2, c: 0, d: 4, e: 5, f: 0},
-			Point{3, 6},
-		},
-		{
-			NewAffine2D(2, 0, 10, 0, 3, 20),
-			NewAffine2D(2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0),
-			Point{10, 20},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for i, test := range tests {
-		srs, offset := test.aff.Split()
-		if !eqaff(srs, test.expectedSRS) || !eq(offset, test.expectedOffset) {
-			t.Errorf(
-				"Test %d: %v.Split() = (%v, %v), want (%v, %v)",
-				i, test.aff, srs, offset, test.expectedSRS, test.expectedOffset,
-			)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestShear(t *testing.T) {
-	p := Pt(2, 3)
-	origin := Pt(1, 1)
-
-	shearX := AffineId().Shear(origin, math.Pi/4, 0)
-	resultX := shearX.Transform(p)
-	expectedX := Pt(4, 3)
-
-	if !eq(resultX, expectedX) {
-		t.Errorf("Shear around origin in X: got %v, want %v", resultX, expectedX)
-	}
-
-	inverseX := shearX.Invert().Transform(resultX)
-	if !eq(inverseX, p) {
-		t.Errorf("Inverse shear X: got %v, want %v", inverseX, p)
-	}
-
-	shearY := AffineId().Shear(origin, 0, math.Pi/4)
-	resultY := shearY.Transform(p)
-	expectedY := Pt(2, 4)
-
-	if !eq(resultY, expectedY) {
-		t.Errorf("Shear around origin in Y: got %v, want %v", resultY, expectedY)
-	}
-
-	inverseY := shearY.Invert().Transform(resultY)
-	if !eq(inverseY, p) {
-		t.Errorf("Inverse shear Y: got %v, want %v", inverseY, p)
-	}
-}

f32/f32.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 /*
 Package f32 is a float32 implementation of package image's
-Point and affine transformations.
+Point and Rectangle.
 
 The coordinate space has the origin in the top left
 corner with the axes extending right and down.
@@ -26,6 +26,30 @@ func (p Point) String() string {
 		"," + strconv.FormatFloat(float64(p.Y), 'f', -1, 32) + ")"
 }
 
+// A Rectangle contains the points (X, Y) where Min.X <= X < Max.X,
+// Min.Y <= Y < Max.Y.
+type Rectangle struct {
+	Min, Max Point
+}
+
+// String return a string representation of r.
+func (r Rectangle) String() string {
+	return r.Min.String() + "-" + r.Max.String()
+}
+
+// Rect is a shorthand for Rectangle{Point{x0, y0}, Point{x1, y1}}.
+// The returned Rectangle has x0 and y0 swapped if necessary so that
+// it's correctly formed.
+func Rect(x0, y0, x1, y1 float32) Rectangle {
+	if x0 > x1 {
+		x0, x1 = x1, x0
+	}
+	if y0 > y1 {
+		y0, y1 = y1, y0
+	}
+	return Rectangle{Point{x0, y0}, Point{x1, y1}}
+}
+
 // Pt is shorthand for Point{X: x, Y: y}.
 func Pt(x, y float32) Point {
 	return Point{X: x, Y: y}
@@ -51,10 +75,122 @@ func (p Point) Div(s float32) Point {
 	return Point{X: p.X / s, Y: p.Y / s}
 }
 
-// Round returns the integer point closest to p.
-func (p Point) Round() image.Point {
-	return image.Point{
-		X: int(math.Round(float64(p.X))),
-		Y: int(math.Round(float64(p.Y))),
+// In reports whether p is in r.
+func (p Point) In(r Rectangle) bool {
+	return r.Min.X <= p.X && p.X < r.Max.X &&
+		r.Min.Y <= p.Y && p.Y < r.Max.Y
+}
+
+// Size returns r's width and height.
+func (r Rectangle) Size() Point {
+	return Point{X: r.Dx(), Y: r.Dy()}
+}
+
+// Dx returns r's width.
+func (r Rectangle) Dx() float32 {
+	return r.Max.X - r.Min.X
+}
+
+// Dy returns r's Height.
+func (r Rectangle) Dy() float32 {
+	return r.Max.Y - r.Min.Y
+}
+
+// Intersect returns the intersection of r and s.
+func (r Rectangle) Intersect(s Rectangle) Rectangle {
+	if r.Min.X < s.Min.X {
+		r.Min.X = s.Min.X
+	}
+	if r.Min.Y < s.Min.Y {
+		r.Min.Y = s.Min.Y
+	}
+	if r.Max.X > s.Max.X {
+		r.Max.X = s.Max.X
+	}
+	if r.Max.Y > s.Max.Y {
+		r.Max.Y = s.Max.Y
+	}
+	if r.Empty() {
+		return Rectangle{}
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// Union returns the union of r and s.
+func (r Rectangle) Union(s Rectangle) Rectangle {
+	if r.Empty() {
+		return s
+	}
+	if s.Empty() {
+		return r
+	}
+	if r.Min.X > s.Min.X {
+		r.Min.X = s.Min.X
+	}
+	if r.Min.Y > s.Min.Y {
+		r.Min.Y = s.Min.Y
+	}
+	if r.Max.X < s.Max.X {
+		r.Max.X = s.Max.X
+	}
+	if r.Max.Y < s.Max.Y {
+		r.Max.Y = s.Max.Y
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// Canon returns the canonical version of r, where Min is to
+// the upper left of Max.
+func (r Rectangle) Canon() Rectangle {
+	if r.Max.X < r.Min.X {
+		r.Min.X, r.Max.X = r.Max.X, r.Min.X
+	}
+	if r.Max.Y < r.Min.Y {
+		r.Min.Y, r.Max.Y = r.Max.Y, r.Min.Y
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// Empty reports whether r represents the empty area.
+func (r Rectangle) Empty() bool {
+	return r.Min.X >= r.Max.X || r.Min.Y >= r.Max.Y
+}
+
+// Add offsets r with the vector p.
+func (r Rectangle) Add(p Point) Rectangle {
+	return Rectangle{
+		Point{r.Min.X + p.X, r.Min.Y + p.Y},
+		Point{r.Max.X + p.X, r.Max.Y + p.Y},
 	}
 }
+
+// Sub offsets r with the vector -p.
+func (r Rectangle) Sub(p Point) Rectangle {
+	return Rectangle{
+		Point{r.Min.X - p.X, r.Min.Y - p.Y},
+		Point{r.Max.X - p.X, r.Max.Y - p.Y},
+	}
+}
+
+// Round returns the smallest integer rectangle that
+// contains r.
+func (r Rectangle) Round() image.Rectangle {
+	return image.Rectangle{
+		Min: image.Point{
+			X: int(floor(r.Min.X)),
+			Y: int(floor(r.Min.Y)),
+		},
+		Max: image.Point{
+			X: int(ceil(r.Max.X)),
+			Y: int(ceil(r.Max.Y)),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func ceil(v float32) int {
+	return int(math.Ceil(float64(v)))
+}
+
+func floor(v float32) int {
+	return int(math.Floor(float64(v)))
+}

flake.lock

@@ -1,58 +1,111 @@
 {
   "nodes": {
+    "android": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "devshell": "devshell",
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_2",
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ]
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1648412532,
+        "narHash": "sha256-zh0rLcppJ5i2Bh8oBWjBhDvgOrMhDGdXINbp3bhrs0U=",
+        "owner": "tadfisher",
+        "repo": "android-nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "b1318b23926260685dbb09dd127f38c917fc7441",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "tadfisher",
+        "repo": "android-nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "devshell": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1647857022,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Aw70NWLOIwKhT60MHDGjgWis3DP3faCzr6ap9CSayek=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "devshell",
+        "rev": "0a5ff74dacb9ea22614f64e61aeb3ca0bf0e7311",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "devshell",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "flake-utils": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1642700792,
+        "narHash": "sha256-XqHrk7hFb+zBvRg6Ghl+AZDq03ov6OshJLiSWOoX5es=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "846b2ae0fc4cc943637d3d1def4454213e203cba",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "flake-utils_2": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1648297722,
+        "narHash": "sha256-W+qlPsiZd8F3XkzXOzAoR+mpFqzm3ekQkJNa+PIh1BQ=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "0f8662f1319ad6abf89b3380dd2722369fc51ade",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1747953325,
-        "narHash": "sha256-y2ZtlIlNTuVJUZCqzZAhIw5rrKP4DOSklev6c8PyCkQ=",
+        "lastModified": 1643381941,
+        "narHash": "sha256-pHTwvnN4tTsEKkWlXQ8JMY423epos8wUOhthpwJjtpc=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "55d1f923c480dadce40f5231feb472e81b0bab48",
+        "rev": "5efc8ca954272c4376ac929f4c5ffefcc20551d5",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs_2": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1648469949,
+        "narHash": "sha256-ExCG9k36QNs0bNsi2NwnfL4w/kjb661rW43pf03ok/Y=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "a63a39e23873d5d72753ff12bb418cb7e470790c",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
         "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "nixos-25.05",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
-        "utils": "utils"
-      }
-    },
-    "systems": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "utils": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1731533236,
-        "narHash": "sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG+r7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
+        "android": "android",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2"
       }
     }
   },

flake.nix

@@ -3,38 +3,42 @@
   description = "Gio build environment";
 
   inputs = {
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-25.05";
-    utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs";
+    android.url = "github:tadfisher/android-nixpkgs";
+    android.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
   };
 
-  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, utils }:
-    utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
-      let
-        pkgs = import nixpkgs {
-          inherit system;
-
-          # allow unfree Android packages.
-          config.allowUnfree = true;
-          # accept the Android SDK license.
-          config.android_sdk.accept_license = true; 
-        };
-      in {
-        devShells = let
-          android-sdk = let
-            androidComposition = pkgs.androidenv.composeAndroidPackages {
-              platformVersions = [ "latest" ];
-              abiVersions = [ "armeabi-v7a" "arm64-v8a" ];
-               # Omit the deprecated tools package.
-              toolsVersion = null;
-              includeNDK = true;
+  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, android }:
+    let
+      supportedSystems = [ "x86_64-linux" "x86_64-darwin" "aarch64-darwin" ];
+      forAllSystems = f: nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems (system: f system);
+    in
+    {
+      devShells = forAllSystems
+        (system:
+          let
+            pkgs = import nixpkgs {
+              inherit system;
             };
-          in androidComposition.androidsdk;
-        in {
-          default = with pkgs;
-            mkShell (rec {
-              ANDROID_HOME = "${android-sdk}/libexec/android-sdk";
-              packages = [ android-sdk jdk clang ]
-                ++ (if stdenv.isLinux then [
+            android-sdk = android.sdk.${system} (sdkPkgs: with sdkPkgs;
+              [
+                build-tools-31-0-0
+                cmdline-tools-latest
+                platform-tools
+                platforms-android-31
+                ndk-bundle
+              ]);
+          in
+          {
+            default = with pkgs; mkShell
+              ({
+                ANDROID_SDK_ROOT = "${android-sdk}/share/android-sdk";
+                JAVA_HOME = jdk8.home;
+                packages = [
+                  android-sdk
+                  jdk8
+                  clang
+                ] ++ (if stdenv.isLinux then [
                   vulkan-headers
                   libxkbcommon
                   wayland
@@ -42,13 +46,12 @@
                   xorg.libXcursor
                   xorg.libXfixes
                   libGL
-                  pkg-config
-                ] else
-                  [ ]);
-            } // (if stdenv.isLinux then {
-              LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "${vulkan-loader}/lib";
-            } else
-              { }));
-        };
-      });
+                  pkgconfig
+                ] else [ ]);
+              } // (if stdenv.isLinux then {
+                LD_LIBRARY_PATH = "${vulkan-loader}/lib";
+              } else { }));
+          }
+        );
+    };
 }

font/font.go

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Package font provides type describing font faces attributes.
-*/
-package font
-
-import (
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
-)
-
-// A FontFace is a Font and a matching Face.
-type FontFace struct {
-	Font Font
-	Face Face
-}
-
-// Style is the font style.
-type Style int
-
-// Weight is a font weight, in CSS units subtracted 400 so the zero value
-// is normal text weight.
-type Weight int
-
-// Font specify a particular typeface variant, style and weight.
-type Font struct {
-	// Typeface specifies the name(s) of the the font faces to try. See [Typeface]
-	// for details.
-	Typeface Typeface
-	// Style specifies the kind of text style.
-	Style Style
-	// Weight is the text weight.
-	Weight Weight
-}
-
-// Face is an opaque handle to a typeface. The concrete implementation depends
-// upon the kind of font and shaper in use.
-type Face interface {
-	Face() *font.Face
-}
-
-// Typeface identifies a list of font families to attempt to use for displaying
-// a string. The syntax is a comma-delimited list of family names. In order to
-// allow for the remote possibility of needing to express a font family name
-// containing a comma, name entries may be quoted using either single or double
-// quotes. Within quotes, a literal quotation mark can be expressed by escaping
-// it with `\`. A literal backslash may be expressed by escaping it with another
-// `\`.
-//
-// Here's an example Typeface:
-//
-//	Times New Roman, Georgia, serif
-//
-// This is equivalent to the above:
-//
-//	"Times New Roman", 'Georgia', serif
-//
-// Here are some valid uses of escape sequences:
-//
-//	"Contains a literal \" doublequote", 'Literal \' Singlequote', "\\ Literal backslash", '\\ another'
-//
-// This syntax has the happy side effect that most CSS "font-family" rules are
-// valid Typefaces (without the trailing semicolon).
-//
-// Generic CSS font families are supported, and are automatically expanded to lists
-// of known font families with a matching style. The supported generic families are:
-//
-//   - fantasy
-//   - math
-//   - emoji
-//   - serif
-//   - sans-serif
-//   - cursive
-//   - monospace
-type Typeface string
-
-const (
-	Regular Style = iota
-	Italic
-)
-
-const (
-	Thin       Weight = -300
-	ExtraLight Weight = -200
-	Light      Weight = -100
-	Normal     Weight = 0
-	Medium     Weight = 100
-	SemiBold   Weight = 200
-	Bold       Weight = 300
-	ExtraBold  Weight = 400
-	Black      Weight = 500
-)
-
-func (s Style) String() string {
-	switch s {
-	case Regular:
-		return "Regular"
-	case Italic:
-		return "Italic"
-	default:
-		panic("invalid Style")
-	}
-}
-
-func (w Weight) String() string {
-	switch w {
-	case Thin:
-		return "Thin"
-	case ExtraLight:
-		return "ExtraLight"
-	case Light:
-		return "Light"
-	case Normal:
-		return "Normal"
-	case Medium:
-		return "Medium"
-	case SemiBold:
-		return "SemiBold"
-	case Bold:
-		return "Bold"
-	case ExtraBold:
-		return "ExtraBold"
-	case Black:
-		return "Black"
-	default:
-		panic("invalid Weight")
-	}
-}

font/gofont/gofont.go

@@ -24,49 +24,29 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/gosmallcaps"
 	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/gosmallcapsitalic"
 
-	"gioui.org/font"
 	"gioui.org/font/opentype"
+	"gioui.org/text"
 )
 
 var (
-	regOnce    sync.Once
-	reg        []font.FontFace
 	once       sync.Once
-	collection []font.FontFace
+	collection []text.FontFace
 )
 
-func loadRegular() {
-	regOnce.Do(func() {
-		faces, err := opentype.ParseCollection(goregular.TTF)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to parse font: %v", err))
-		}
-		reg = faces
-		collection = append(collection, reg[0])
-	})
-}
-
-// Regular returns a collection of only the Go regular font face.
-func Regular() []font.FontFace {
-	loadRegular()
-	return reg
-}
-
-// Regular returns a collection of all available Go font faces.
-func Collection() []font.FontFace {
-	loadRegular()
+func Collection() []text.FontFace {
 	once.Do(func() {
-		register(goitalic.TTF)
-		register(gobold.TTF)
-		register(gobolditalic.TTF)
-		register(gomedium.TTF)
-		register(gomediumitalic.TTF)
-		register(gomono.TTF)
-		register(gomonobold.TTF)
-		register(gomonobolditalic.TTF)
-		register(gomonoitalic.TTF)
-		register(gosmallcaps.TTF)
-		register(gosmallcapsitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{}, goregular.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Style: text.Italic}, goitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Weight: text.Bold}, gobold.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Style: text.Italic, Weight: text.Bold}, gobolditalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Weight: text.Medium}, gomedium.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Weight: text.Medium, Style: text.Italic}, gomediumitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono"}, gomono.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono", Weight: text.Bold}, gomonobold.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono", Weight: text.Bold, Style: text.Italic}, gomonobolditalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Mono", Style: text.Italic}, gomonoitalic.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Smallcaps"}, gosmallcaps.TTF)
+		register(text.Font{Variant: "Smallcaps", Style: text.Italic}, gosmallcapsitalic.TTF)
 		// Ensure that any outside appends will not reuse the backing store.
 		n := len(collection)
 		collection = collection[:n:n]
@@ -74,10 +54,11 @@ func Collection() []font.FontFace {
 	return collection
 }
 
-func register(ttf []byte) {
-	faces, err := opentype.ParseCollection(ttf)
+func register(fnt text.Font, ttf []byte) {
+	face, err := opentype.Parse(ttf)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to parse font: %v", err))
 	}
-	collection = append(collection, faces[0])
+	fnt.Typeface = "Go"
+	collection = append(collection, text.FontFace{Font: fnt, Face: face})
 }

font/opentype/internal/shaping.go

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/text"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/language"
+	"github.com/gioui/uax/segment"
+	"github.com/gioui/uax/uax14"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/di"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+)
+
+// computeGlyphClusters populates the Clusters field of a Layout.
+// The order of the clusters is visual, meaning
+// that the first cluster is the leftmost cluster displayed even when
+// the cluster is part of RTL text.
+func computeGlyphClusters(l *text.Layout) {
+	clusters := make([]text.GlyphCluster, 0, len(l.Glyphs)+1)
+	if len(l.Glyphs) < 1 {
+		if l.Runes.Count > 0 {
+			// Empty line corresponding to a newline character.
+			clusters = append(clusters, text.GlyphCluster{
+				Runes: text.Range{
+					Count:  1,
+					Offset: l.Runes.Offset,
+				},
+			})
+		}
+		l.Clusters = clusters
+		return
+	}
+	rtl := l.Direction == system.RTL
+
+	// Check for trailing whitespace characters and synthesize
+	// GlyphClusters to represent them.
+	lastGlyph := l.Glyphs[len(l.Glyphs)-1]
+	if rtl {
+		lastGlyph = l.Glyphs[0]
+	}
+	trailingNewline := lastGlyph.ClusterIndex+lastGlyph.RuneCount < l.Runes.Count+l.Runes.Offset
+	newlineCluster := text.GlyphCluster{
+		Runes: text.Range{
+			Count:  1,
+			Offset: l.Runes.Count + l.Runes.Offset - 1,
+		},
+		Glyphs: text.Range{
+			Offset: len(l.Glyphs),
+		},
+	}
+
+	var (
+		i               int = 0
+		inc             int = 1
+		runesProcessed  int = 0
+		glyphsProcessed int = 0
+	)
+
+	if rtl {
+		i = len(l.Glyphs) - 1
+		inc = -inc
+		glyphsProcessed = len(l.Glyphs) - 1
+		newlineCluster.Glyphs.Offset = 0
+	}
+	// Construct clusters from the line's glyphs.
+	for ; i < len(l.Glyphs) && i >= 0; i += inc {
+		g := l.Glyphs[i]
+		xAdv := g.XAdvance * fixed.Int26_6(inc)
+		for k := 0; k < g.GlyphCount-1 && k < len(l.Glyphs); k++ {
+			i += inc
+			xAdv += l.Glyphs[i].XAdvance * fixed.Int26_6(inc)
+		}
+
+		startRune := runesProcessed
+		runeIncrement := g.RuneCount
+		startGlyph := glyphsProcessed
+		glyphIncrement := g.GlyphCount * inc
+		if rtl {
+			startGlyph = glyphsProcessed + glyphIncrement + 1
+		}
+		clusters = append(clusters, text.GlyphCluster{
+			Advance: xAdv,
+			Runes: text.Range{
+				Count:  g.RuneCount,
+				Offset: startRune + l.Runes.Offset,
+			},
+			Glyphs: text.Range{
+				Count:  g.GlyphCount,
+				Offset: startGlyph,
+			},
+		})
+		runesProcessed += runeIncrement
+		glyphsProcessed += glyphIncrement
+	}
+	// Insert synthetic clusters at the right edge of the line.
+	if trailingNewline {
+		clusters = append(clusters, newlineCluster)
+	}
+	l.Clusters = clusters
+	return
+}
+
+// langConfig describes the language and writing system of a body of text.
+type langConfig struct {
+	// Language the text is written in.
+	language.Language
+	// Writing system used to represent the text.
+	language.Script
+	// Direction of the text, usually driven by the writing system.
+	di.Direction
+}
+
+// mapRunesToClusterIndices returns a slice. Each index within that slice corresponds
+// to an index within the runes input slice. The value stored at that index is the
+// index of the glyph at the start of the corresponding glyph cluster shaped by
+// harfbuzz.
+func mapRunesToClusterIndices(runes []rune, glyphs []shaping.Glyph) []int {
+	mapping := make([]int, len(runes))
+	glyphCursor := 0
+	if len(runes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// If the final cluster values are lower than the starting ones,
+	// the text is RTL.
+	rtl := len(glyphs) > 0 && glyphs[len(glyphs)-1].ClusterIndex < glyphs[0].ClusterIndex
+	if rtl {
+		glyphCursor = len(glyphs) - 1
+	}
+	for i := range runes {
+		for glyphCursor >= 0 && glyphCursor < len(glyphs) &&
+			((rtl && glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex <= i) ||
+				(!rtl && glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex < i)) {
+			if rtl {
+				glyphCursor--
+			} else {
+				glyphCursor++
+			}
+		}
+		if rtl {
+			glyphCursor++
+		} else if (glyphCursor >= 0 && glyphCursor < len(glyphs) &&
+			glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex > i) ||
+			(glyphCursor == len(glyphs) && len(glyphs) > 1) {
+			glyphCursor--
+			targetClusterIndex := glyphs[glyphCursor].ClusterIndex
+			for glyphCursor-1 >= 0 && glyphs[glyphCursor-1].ClusterIndex == targetClusterIndex {
+				glyphCursor--
+			}
+		}
+		if glyphCursor < 0 {
+			glyphCursor = 0
+		} else if glyphCursor >= len(glyphs) {
+			glyphCursor = len(glyphs) - 1
+		}
+		mapping[i] = glyphCursor
+	}
+	return mapping
+}
+
+// inclusiveGlyphRange returns the inclusive range of runes and glyphs matching
+// the provided start and breakAfter rune positions.
+// runeToGlyph must be a valid mapping from the rune representation to the
+// glyph reprsentation produced by mapRunesToClusterIndices.
+// numGlyphs is the number of glyphs in the output representing the runes
+// under consideration.
+func inclusiveGlyphRange(start, breakAfter int, runeToGlyph []int, numGlyphs int) (glyphStart, glyphEnd int) {
+	rtl := runeToGlyph[len(runeToGlyph)-1] < runeToGlyph[0]
+	runeStart := start
+	runeEnd := breakAfter
+	if rtl {
+		glyphStart = runeToGlyph[runeEnd]
+		if runeStart-1 >= 0 {
+			glyphEnd = runeToGlyph[runeStart-1] - 1
+		} else {
+			glyphEnd = numGlyphs - 1
+		}
+	} else {
+		glyphStart = runeToGlyph[runeStart]
+		if runeEnd+1 < len(runeToGlyph) {
+			glyphEnd = runeToGlyph[runeEnd+1] - 1
+		} else {
+			glyphEnd = numGlyphs - 1
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// breakOption represets a location within the rune slice at which
+// it may be safe to break a line of text.
+type breakOption struct {
+	// breakAtRune is the index at which it is safe to break.
+	breakAtRune int
+	// penalty is the cost of breaking at this index. Negative
+	// penalties mean that the break is beneficial, and a penalty
+	// of uax14.PenaltyForMustBreak means a required break.
+	penalty int
+}
+
+// getBreakOptions returns a slice of line break candidates for the
+// text in the provided slice.
+func getBreakOptions(text []rune) []breakOption {
+	// Collect options for breaking the lines in a slice.
+	var options []breakOption
+	const adjust = -1
+	breaker := uax14.NewLineWrap()
+	segmenter := segment.NewSegmenter(breaker)
+	segmenter.InitFromSlice(text)
+	runeOffset := 0
+	brokeAtEnd := false
+	for segmenter.Next() {
+		penalty, _ := segmenter.Penalties()
+		// Determine the indices of the breaking runes in the runes
+		// slice. Would be nice if the API provided this.
+		currentSegment := segmenter.Runes()
+		runeOffset += len(currentSegment)
+
+		// Collect all break options.
+		options = append(options, breakOption{
+			penalty:     penalty,
+			breakAtRune: runeOffset + adjust,
+		})
+		if options[len(options)-1].breakAtRune == len(text)-1 {
+			brokeAtEnd = true
+		}
+	}
+	if len(text) > 0 && !brokeAtEnd {
+		options = append(options, breakOption{
+			penalty:     uax14.PenaltyForMustBreak,
+			breakAtRune: len(text) - 1,
+		})
+	}
+	return options
+}
+
+type Shaper func(shaping.Input) (shaping.Output, error)
+
+// paragraph shapes a single paragraph of text, breaking it into multiple lines
+// to fit within the provided maxWidth.
+func paragraph(shaper Shaper, face font.Face, ppem fixed.Int26_6, maxWidth int, lc langConfig, paragraph []rune) ([]output, error) {
+	// TODO: handle splitting bidi text here
+
+	// Shape the text.
+	input := toInput(face, ppem, lc, paragraph)
+	out, err := shaper(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Get a mapping from input runes to output glyphs.
+	runeToGlyph := mapRunesToClusterIndices(paragraph, out.Glyphs)
+
+	// Fetch line break candidates.
+	breaks := getBreakOptions(paragraph)
+
+	return lineWrap(out, input.Direction, paragraph, runeToGlyph, breaks, maxWidth), nil
+}
+
+// shouldKeepSegmentOnLine decides whether the segment of text from the current
+// end of the line to the provided breakOption should be kept on the current
+// line. It should be called successively with each available breakOption,
+// and the line should be broken (without keeping the current segment)
+// whenever it returns false.
+//
+// The parameters require some explanation:
+// out - the shaping.Output that is being line-broken.
+// runeToGlyph - a mapping where accessing the slice at the index of a rune
+//     int out will yield the index of the first glyph corresponding to that rune.
+// lineStartRune - the index of the first rune in the line.
+// b - the line break candidate under consideration.
+// curLineWidth - the amount of space total in the current line.
+// curLineUsed - the amount of space in the current line that is already used.
+// nextLineWidth - the amount of space available on the next line.
+//
+// This function returns both a valid shaping.Output broken at b and a boolean
+// indicating whether the returned output should be used.
+func shouldKeepSegmentOnLine(out shaping.Output, runeToGlyph []int, lineStartRune int, b breakOption, curLineWidth, curLineUsed, nextLineWidth int) (candidateLine shaping.Output, keep bool) {
+	// Convert the break target to an inclusive index.
+	glyphStart, glyphEnd := inclusiveGlyphRange(lineStartRune, b.breakAtRune, runeToGlyph, len(out.Glyphs))
+
+	// Construct a line out of the inclusive glyph range.
+	candidateLine = out
+	candidateLine.Glyphs = candidateLine.Glyphs[glyphStart : glyphEnd+1]
+	candidateLine.RecomputeAdvance()
+	candidateAdvance := candidateLine.Advance.Ceil()
+	if candidateAdvance > curLineWidth && candidateAdvance-curLineUsed <= nextLineWidth {
+		// If it fits on the next line, put it there.
+		return candidateLine, false
+	}
+
+	return candidateLine, true
+}
+
+// lineWrap wraps the shaped glyphs of a paragraph to a particular max width.
+func lineWrap(out shaping.Output, dir di.Direction, paragraph []rune, runeToGlyph []int, breaks []breakOption, maxWidth int) []output {
+	var outputs []output
+	if len(breaks) == 0 {
+		// Pass empty lines through as empty.
+		outputs = append(outputs, output{
+			Shaped: out,
+			RuneRange: text.Range{
+				Count: len(paragraph),
+			},
+		})
+		return outputs
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(breaks); i++ {
+		b := breaks[i]
+		if b.breakAtRune+1 < len(runeToGlyph) {
+			// Check if this break is valid.
+			gIdx := runeToGlyph[b.breakAtRune]
+			g2Idx := runeToGlyph[b.breakAtRune+1]
+			cIdx := out.Glyphs[gIdx].ClusterIndex
+			c2Idx := out.Glyphs[g2Idx].ClusterIndex
+			if cIdx == c2Idx {
+				// This break is within a harfbuzz cluster, and is
+				// therefore invalid.
+				copy(breaks[i:], breaks[i+1:])
+				breaks = breaks[:len(breaks)-1]
+				i--
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	start := 0
+	runesProcessed := 0
+	for i := 0; i < len(breaks); i++ {
+		b := breaks[i]
+		// Always keep the first segment on a line.
+		good, _ := shouldKeepSegmentOnLine(out, runeToGlyph, start, b, maxWidth, 0, maxWidth)
+		end := b.breakAtRune
+	innerLoop:
+		for k := i + 1; k < len(breaks); k++ {
+			bb := breaks[k]
+			candidate, ok := shouldKeepSegmentOnLine(out, runeToGlyph, start, bb, maxWidth, good.Advance.Ceil(), maxWidth)
+			if ok {
+				// Use this new, longer segment.
+				good = candidate
+				end = bb.breakAtRune
+				i++
+			} else {
+				break innerLoop
+			}
+		}
+		numRunes := end - start + 1
+		outputs = append(outputs, output{
+			Shaped: good,
+			RuneRange: text.Range{
+				Count:  numRunes,
+				Offset: runesProcessed,
+			},
+		})
+		runesProcessed += numRunes
+		start = end + 1
+	}
+	return outputs
+}
+
+// output is a run of shaped text with metadata about its position
+// within a text document.
+type output struct {
+	Shaped    shaping.Output
+	RuneRange text.Range
+}
+
+func toSystemDirection(d di.Direction) system.TextDirection {
+	switch d {
+	case di.DirectionLTR:
+		return system.LTR
+	case di.DirectionRTL:
+		return system.RTL
+	}
+	return system.LTR
+}
+
+// toGioGlyphs converts text shaper glyphs into the minimal representation
+// that Gio needs.
+func toGioGlyphs(in []shaping.Glyph) []text.Glyph {
+	out := make([]text.Glyph, 0, len(in))
+	for _, g := range in {
+		out = append(out, text.Glyph{
+			ID:           g.GlyphID,
+			ClusterIndex: g.ClusterIndex,
+			RuneCount:    g.RuneCount,
+			GlyphCount:   g.GlyphCount,
+			XAdvance:     g.XAdvance,
+			YAdvance:     g.YAdvance,
+			XOffset:      g.XOffset,
+			YOffset:      g.YOffset,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// ToLine converts the output into a text.Line
+func (o output) ToLine() text.Line {
+	advances := make([]fixed.Int26_6, 0, len(o.Shaped.Glyphs))
+	for _, glyph := range o.Shaped.Glyphs {
+		advances = append(advances, glyph.XAdvance)
+	}
+	layout := text.Layout{
+		Glyphs:    toGioGlyphs(o.Shaped.Glyphs),
+		Runes:     o.RuneRange,
+		Direction: toSystemDirection(o.Shaped.Direction),
+	}
+	return text.Line{
+		Layout: layout,
+		Bounds: fixed.Rectangle26_6{
+			Min: fixed.Point26_6{
+				Y: -o.Shaped.LineBounds.Ascent,
+			},
+			Max: fixed.Point26_6{
+				X: o.Shaped.Advance,
+				Y: -o.Shaped.LineBounds.Ascent + o.Shaped.LineBounds.LineHeight(),
+			},
+		},
+		Width:   o.Shaped.Advance,
+		Ascent:  o.Shaped.LineBounds.Ascent,
+		Descent: -o.Shaped.LineBounds.Descent + o.Shaped.LineBounds.Gap,
+	}
+}
+
+func mapDirection(d system.TextDirection) di.Direction {
+	switch d {
+	case system.LTR:
+		return di.DirectionLTR
+	case system.RTL:
+		return di.DirectionRTL
+	}
+	return di.DirectionLTR
+}
+
+// Document shapes text using the given font, ppem, maximum line width, language,
+// and sequence of runes. It returns a slice of lines corresponding to the txt,
+// broken to fit within maxWidth and on paragraph boundaries.
+func Document(shaper Shaper, face font.Face, ppem fixed.Int26_6, maxWidth int, lc system.Locale, txt io.RuneReader) []text.Line {
+	var (
+		outputs       []text.Line
+		startByte     int
+		startRune     int
+		paragraphText []rune
+		done          bool
+		langs         = make(map[language.Script]int)
+	)
+	for !done {
+		var (
+			bytes int
+			runes int
+		)
+		newlineAdjust := 0
+	paragraphLoop:
+		for r, sz, re := txt.ReadRune(); !done; r, sz, re = txt.ReadRune() {
+			if re != nil {
+				done = true
+				continue
+			}
+			paragraphText = append(paragraphText, r)
+			script := language.LookupScript(r)
+			if _, ok := langs[script]; ok {
+				langs[script]++
+			} else {
+				langs[script] = 1
+			}
+			bytes += sz
+			runes++
+			if r == '\n' {
+				newlineAdjust = 1
+				break paragraphLoop
+			}
+		}
+		var (
+			primary      language.Script
+			primaryTotal int
+		)
+		for script, total := range langs {
+			if total > primaryTotal {
+				primary = script
+				primaryTotal = total
+			}
+		}
+		if lc.Language == "" {
+			lc.Language = "EN"
+		}
+		lcfg := langConfig{
+			Language:  language.NewLanguage(lc.Language),
+			Script:    primary,
+			Direction: mapDirection(lc.Direction),
+		}
+		lines, _ := paragraph(shaper, face, ppem, maxWidth, lcfg, paragraphText[:len(paragraphText)-newlineAdjust])
+		for i := range lines {
+			// Update the offsets of each paragraph to be correct within the
+			// whole document.
+			lines[i].RuneRange.Offset += startRune
+			// Update the cluster values to be rune indices within the entire
+			// document.
+			for k := range lines[i].Shaped.Glyphs {
+				lines[i].Shaped.Glyphs[k].ClusterIndex += startRune
+			}
+			outputs = append(outputs, lines[i].ToLine())
+		}
+		// If there was a trailing newline update the byte counts to include
+		// it on the last line of the paragraph.
+		if newlineAdjust > 0 {
+			outputs[len(outputs)-1].Layout.Runes.Count += newlineAdjust
+		}
+		paragraphText = paragraphText[:0]
+		startByte += bytes
+		startRune += runes
+	}
+	for i := range outputs {
+		computeGlyphClusters(&outputs[i].Layout)
+	}
+	return outputs
+}
+
+// toInput converts its parameters into a shaping.Input.
+func toInput(face font.Face, ppem fixed.Int26_6, lc langConfig, runes []rune) shaping.Input {
+	var input shaping.Input
+	input.Direction = lc.Direction
+	input.Text = runes
+	input.Size = ppem
+	input.Face = face
+	input.Language = lc.Language
+	input.Script = lc.Script
+	input.RunStart = 0
+	input.RunEnd = len(runes)
+	return input
+}

font/opentype/opentype.go

@@ -2,189 +2,137 @@
 
 // Package opentype implements text layout and shaping for OpenType
 // files.
-//
-// NOTE: the OpenType specification allows for fonts to include bitmap images
-// in a variety of formats. In the interest of small binary sizes, the opentype
-// package only automatically imports the PNG image decoder. If you have a font
-// with glyphs in JPEG or TIFF formats, register those decoders with the image
-// package in order to ensure those glyphs are visible in text.
 package opentype
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	_ "image/png"
+	"image"
+	"io"
 
-	giofont "gioui.org/font"
-	fontapi "github.com/go-text/typesetting/font"
-	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/font/opentype"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/fonts"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/fonts/truetype"
+	"github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout/harfbuzz"
+	"github.com/go-text/typesetting/shaping"
+	"golang.org/x/image/font"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+
+	"gioui.org/f32"
+	"gioui.org/font/opentype/internal"
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/op"
+	"gioui.org/op/clip"
+	"gioui.org/text"
 )
 
-// Face is a thread-safe representation of a loaded font. For efficiency, applications
-// should construct a face for any given font file once, reusing it across different
-// text shapers.
-type Face struct {
-	face *fontapi.Font
-	font giofont.Font
+// Font implements the text.Shaper interface using a rich text
+// shaping engine.
+type Font struct {
+	font *truetype.Font
 }
 
-// Parse constructs a Face from source bytes.
-func Parse(src []byte) (Face, error) {
-	ld, err := opentype.NewLoader(bytes.NewReader(src))
+// Parse constructs a Font from source bytes.
+func Parse(src []byte) (*Font, error) {
+	face, err := truetype.Parse(bytes.NewReader(src))
 	if err != nil {
-		return Face{}, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed parsing truetype font: %w", err)
 	}
-	font, md, err := parseLoader(ld)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Face{}, fmt.Errorf("failed parsing truetype font: %w", err)
-	}
-	return Face{
-		face: font,
-		font: md,
+	return &Font{
+		font: face,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// ParseCollection parse an Opentype font file, with support for collections.
-// Single font files are supported, returning a slice with length 1.
-// The returned fonts are automatically wrapped in a text.FontFace with
-// inferred font font.
-// BUG(whereswaldon): the only Variant that can be detected automatically is
-// "Mono".
-func ParseCollection(src []byte) ([]giofont.FontFace, error) {
-	lds, err := opentype.NewLoaders(bytes.NewReader(src))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	out := make([]giofont.FontFace, len(lds))
-	for i, ld := range lds {
-		face, md, err := parseLoader(ld)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading font %d of collection: %s", i, err)
+func (f *Font) Layout(ppem fixed.Int26_6, maxWidth int, lc system.Locale, txt io.RuneReader) ([]text.Line, error) {
+	return internal.Document(shaping.Shape, f.font, ppem, maxWidth, lc, txt), nil
+}
+
+func (f *Font) Shape(ppem fixed.Int26_6, str text.Layout) clip.PathSpec {
+	return textPath(ppem, f, str)
+}
+
+func (f *Font) Metrics(ppem fixed.Int26_6) font.Metrics {
+	metrics := font.Metrics{}
+	font := harfbuzz.NewFont(f.font)
+	font.XScale = int32(ppem.Ceil()) << 6
+	font.YScale = font.XScale
+	// Use any horizontal direction.
+	fontExtents := font.ExtentsForDirection(harfbuzz.LeftToRight)
+	ascender := fixed.I(int(fontExtents.Ascender * 64))
+	descender := fixed.I(int(fontExtents.Descender * 64))
+	gap := fixed.I(int(fontExtents.LineGap * 64))
+	metrics.Height = ascender + descender + gap
+	metrics.Ascent = ascender
+	metrics.Descent = descender
+	// These three are not readily available.
+	// TODO(whereswaldon): figure out how to get these values.
+	metrics.XHeight = ascender
+	metrics.CapHeight = ascender
+	metrics.CaretSlope = image.Pt(0, 1)
+
+	return metrics
+}
+
+func textPath(ppem fixed.Int26_6, font *Font, str text.Layout) clip.PathSpec {
+	var lastPos f32.Point
+	var builder clip.Path
+	ops := new(op.Ops)
+	var x fixed.Int26_6
+	builder.Begin(ops)
+	rune := 0
+	ppemInt := ppem.Round()
+	ppem16 := uint16(ppemInt)
+	scaleFactor := float32(ppemInt) / float32(font.font.Upem())
+	for _, g := range str.Glyphs {
+		advance := g.XAdvance
+		outline, ok := font.font.GlyphData(g.ID, ppem16, ppem16).(fonts.GlyphOutline)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
 		}
-		ff := Face{
-			face: face,
-			font: md,
+		// Move to glyph position.
+		pos := f32.Point{
+			X: float32(x)/64 - float32(g.XOffset)/64,
+			Y: -float32(g.YOffset) / 64,
 		}
-		out[i] = giofont.FontFace{
-			Face: ff,
-			Font: ff.Font(),
+		builder.Move(pos.Sub(lastPos))
+		lastPos = pos
+		var lastArg f32.Point
+
+		// Convert sfnt.Segments to relative segments.
+		for _, fseg := range outline.Segments {
+			nargs := 1
+			switch fseg.Op {
+			case fonts.SegmentOpQuadTo:
+				nargs = 2
+			case fonts.SegmentOpCubeTo:
+				nargs = 3
+			}
+			var args [3]f32.Point
+			for i := 0; i < nargs; i++ {
+				a := f32.Point{
+					X: fseg.Args[i].X * scaleFactor,
+					Y: -fseg.Args[i].Y * scaleFactor,
+				}
+				args[i] = a.Sub(lastArg)
+				if i == nargs-1 {
+					lastArg = a
+				}
+			}
+			switch fseg.Op {
+			case fonts.SegmentOpMoveTo:
+				builder.Move(args[0])
+			case fonts.SegmentOpLineTo:
+				builder.Line(args[0])
+			case fonts.SegmentOpQuadTo:
+				builder.Quad(args[0], args[1])
+			case fonts.SegmentOpCubeTo:
+				builder.Cube(args[0], args[1], args[2])
+			default:
+				panic("unsupported segment op")
+			}
 		}
+		lastPos = lastPos.Add(lastArg)
+		x += advance
+		rune++
 	}
-
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func DescriptionToFont(md fontapi.Description) giofont.Font {
-	return giofont.Font{
-		Typeface: giofont.Typeface(md.Family),
-		Style:    gioStyle(md.Aspect.Style),
-		Weight:   gioWeight(md.Aspect.Weight),
-	}
-}
-
-func FontToDescription(font giofont.Font) fontapi.Description {
-	return fontapi.Description{
-		Family: string(font.Typeface),
-		Aspect: fontapi.Aspect{
-			Style:  mdStyle(font.Style),
-			Weight: mdWeight(font.Weight),
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// parseLoader parses the contents of the loader into a face and its font.
-func parseLoader(ld *opentype.Loader) (*fontapi.Font, giofont.Font, error) {
-	ft, err := fontapi.NewFont(ld)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, giofont.Font{}, err
-	}
-	data := DescriptionToFont(ft.Describe())
-	return ft, data, nil
-}
-
-// Face returns a thread-unsafe wrapper for this Face suitable for use by a single shaper.
-// Face many be invoked any number of times and is safe so long as each return value is
-// only used by one goroutine.
-func (f Face) Face() *fontapi.Face {
-	return fontapi.NewFace(f.face)
-}
-
-// FontFace returns a text.Font with populated font metadata for the
-// font.
-// BUG(whereswaldon): the only Variant that can be detected automatically is
-// "Mono".
-func (f Face) Font() giofont.Font {
-	return f.font
-}
-
-func gioStyle(s fontapi.Style) giofont.Style {
-	switch s {
-	case fontapi.StyleItalic:
-		return giofont.Italic
-	case fontapi.StyleNormal:
-		fallthrough
-	default:
-		return giofont.Regular
-	}
-}
-
-func mdStyle(g giofont.Style) fontapi.Style {
-	switch g {
-	case giofont.Italic:
-		return fontapi.StyleItalic
-	case giofont.Regular:
-		fallthrough
-	default:
-		return fontapi.StyleNormal
-	}
-}
-
-func gioWeight(w fontapi.Weight) giofont.Weight {
-	switch w {
-	case fontapi.WeightThin:
-		return giofont.Thin
-	case fontapi.WeightExtraLight:
-		return giofont.ExtraLight
-	case fontapi.WeightLight:
-		return giofont.Light
-	case fontapi.WeightNormal:
-		return giofont.Normal
-	case fontapi.WeightMedium:
-		return giofont.Medium
-	case fontapi.WeightSemibold:
-		return giofont.SemiBold
-	case fontapi.WeightBold:
-		return giofont.Bold
-	case fontapi.WeightExtraBold:
-		return giofont.ExtraBold
-	case fontapi.WeightBlack:
-		return giofont.Black
-	default:
-		return giofont.Normal
-	}
-}
-
-func mdWeight(g giofont.Weight) fontapi.Weight {
-	switch g {
-	case giofont.Thin:
-		return fontapi.WeightThin
-	case giofont.ExtraLight:
-		return fontapi.WeightExtraLight
-	case giofont.Light:
-		return fontapi.WeightLight
-	case giofont.Normal:
-		return fontapi.WeightNormal
-	case giofont.Medium:
-		return fontapi.WeightMedium
-	case giofont.SemiBold:
-		return fontapi.WeightSemibold
-	case giofont.Bold:
-		return fontapi.WeightBold
-	case giofont.ExtraBold:
-		return fontapi.WeightExtraBold
-	case giofont.Black:
-		return fontapi.WeightBlack
-	default:
-		return fontapi.WeightNormal
-	}
+	return builder.End()
 }

font/opentype/opentype_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package opentype
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/image/font/gofont/goregular"
+	"golang.org/x/image/math/fixed"
+
+	"gioui.org/internal/ops"
+	"gioui.org/io/system"
+	"gioui.org/op"
+	"gioui.org/op/clip"
+	"gioui.org/text"
+)
+
+var english = system.Locale{
+	Language:  "EN",
+	Direction: system.LTR,
+}
+
+func TestEmptyString(t *testing.T) {
+	face, err := Parse(goregular.TTF)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	ppem := fixed.I(200)
+
+	lines, err := face.Layout(ppem, 2000, english, strings.NewReader(""))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Layout returned no lines for empty string; expected 1")
+	}
+	l := lines[0]
+	exp := fixed.Rectangle26_6{
+		Min: fixed.Point26_6{
+			Y: fixed.Int26_6(-12094),
+		},
+		Max: fixed.Point26_6{
+			Y: fixed.Int26_6(2700),
+		},
+	}
+	if got := l.Bounds; got != exp {
+		t.Errorf("got bounds %+v for empty string; expected %+v", got, exp)
+	}
+}
+
+func decompressFontFile(name string) (*Font, []byte, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("could not open file for reading: %s: %v", name, err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	gz, err := gzip.NewReader(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("font file contains invalid gzip data: %v", err)
+	}
+	src, err := ioutil.ReadAll(gz)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decompress font file: %v", err)
+	}
+	fnt, err := Parse(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("file did not contain a valid font: %v", err)
+	}
+	return fnt, src, nil
+}
+
+// mergeFonts produces a trivial OpenType Collection (OTC) file for two source fonts.
+// It makes many assumptions and is not meant for general use.
+// For file format details, see https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/otff
+// For a robust tool to generate these files, see https://pypi.org/project/afdko/
+func mergeFonts(ttf1, ttf2 []byte) []byte {
+	// Locations to place the two embedded fonts. All of the offsets to the fonts' internal tables will need to be
+	// shifted from the start of the file by the appropriate amount, and then everything will work as expected.
+	offset1 := uint32(20) // Length of OpenType collection headers
+	offset2 := offset1 + uint32(len(ttf1))
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_, _ = buf.Write([]byte("ttcf\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02"))
+	_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, offset1)
+	_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, offset2)
+
+	// Inline function to copy a font into the collection verbatim, except for adding an offset to all of the font's
+	// table positions.
+	copyOffsetTTF := func(ttf []byte, offset uint32) {
+		_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[:12])
+		numTables := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(ttf[4:6])
+		for i := uint16(0); i < numTables; i++ {
+			p := 12 + 16*i
+			_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[p : p+8])
+			tblLoc := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ttf[p+8:p+12]) + offset
+			_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, tblLoc)
+			_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[p+12 : p+16])
+		}
+		_, _ = buf.Write(ttf[12+16*numTables:])
+	}
+	copyOffsetTTF(ttf1, offset1)
+	copyOffsetTTF(ttf2, offset2)
+
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// shapeRune uses a given Face to shape exactly one rune at a fixed size, then returns the resulting shape data.
+func shapeRune(f text.Face, r rune) (clip.PathSpec, error) {
+	ppem := fixed.I(200)
+	lines, err := f.Layout(ppem, 2000, english, strings.NewReader(string(r)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return clip.PathSpec{}, err
+	}
+	if len(lines) != 1 {
+		return clip.PathSpec{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected rendering for \"U+%08X\": got %d lines (expected: 1)", r, len(lines))
+	}
+	return f.Shape(ppem, lines[0].Layout), nil
+}
+
+// areShapesEqual returns true iff both given text shapes are produced with identical operations.
+func areShapesEqual(shape1, shape2 clip.PathSpec) bool {
+	var ops1, ops2 op.Ops
+	clip.Outline{Path: shape1}.Op().Push(&ops1).Pop()
+	clip.Outline{Path: shape2}.Op().Push(&ops2).Pop()
+	var r1, r2 ops.Reader
+	r1.Reset(&ops1.Internal)
+	r2.Reset(&ops2.Internal)
+	for {
+		encOp1, ok1 := r1.Decode()
+		encOp2, ok2 := r2.Decode()
+		if ok1 != ok2 {
+			return false
+		}
+		if !ok1 {
+			break
+		}
+		if len(encOp1.Refs) > 0 || len(encOp2.Refs) > 0 {
+			panic("unexpected ops with refs in font shaping test")
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(encOp1.Data, encOp2.Data) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

gesture/gesture.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/fling"
 	"gioui.org/io/event"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
 	"gioui.org/io/key"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
 	"gioui.org/op"
@@ -38,31 +37,31 @@ type Hover struct {
 
 // Add the gesture to detect hovering over the current pointer area.
 func (h *Hover) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
-	event.Op(ops, h)
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   h,
+		Types: pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave,
+	}.Add(ops)
 }
 
-// Update state and report whether a pointer is inside the area.
-func (h *Hover) Update(q input.Source) bool {
-	for {
-		ev, ok := q.Event(pointer.Filter{
-			Target: h,
-			Kinds:  pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave | pointer.Cancel,
-		})
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
+// Hovered returns whether a pointer is inside the area.
+func (h *Hover) Hovered(q event.Queue) bool {
+	for _, ev := range q.Events(h) {
 		e, ok := ev.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Leave, pointer.Cancel:
 			if h.entered && h.pid == e.PointerID {
 				h.entered = false
 			}
 		case pointer.Enter:
-			h.pid = e.PointerID
-			h.entered = true
+			if !h.entered {
+				h.pid = e.PointerID
+			}
+			if h.pid == e.PointerID {
+				h.entered = true
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	return h.entered
@@ -88,11 +87,11 @@ type Click struct {
 }
 
 // ClickEvent represent a click action, either a
-// KindPress for the beginning of a click or a
-// KindClick for a completed click.
+// TypePress for the beginning of a click or a
+// TypeClick for a completed click.
 type ClickEvent struct {
-	Kind      ClickKind
-	Position  image.Point
+	Type      ClickType
+	Position  f32.Point
 	Source    pointer.Source
 	Modifiers key.Modifiers
 	// NumClicks records successive clicks occurring
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ type ClickEvent struct {
 	NumClicks int
 }
 
-type ClickKind uint8
+type ClickType uint8
 
 // Drag detects drag gestures in the form of pointer.Drag events.
 type Drag struct {
@@ -108,6 +107,7 @@ type Drag struct {
 	pressed  bool
 	pid      pointer.ID
 	start    f32.Point
+	grab     bool
 }
 
 // Scroll detects scroll gestures and reduces them to
@@ -115,9 +115,11 @@ type Drag struct {
 // movements as well as drag and fling touch gestures.
 type Scroll struct {
 	dragging  bool
+	axis      Axis
 	estimator fling.Extrapolation
 	flinger   fling.Animation
 	pid       pointer.ID
+	grab      bool
 	last      int
 	// Leftover scroll.
 	scroll float32
@@ -134,15 +136,15 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	// KindPress is reported for the first pointer
+	// TypePress is reported for the first pointer
 	// press.
-	KindPress ClickKind = iota
-	// KindClick is reported when a click action
+	TypePress ClickType = iota
+	// TypeClick is reported when a click action
 	// is complete.
-	KindClick
-	// KindCancel is reported when the gesture is
+	TypeClick
+	// TypeCancel is reported when the gesture is
 	// cancelled.
-	KindCancel
+	TypeCancel
 )
 
 const (
@@ -155,11 +157,14 @@ const (
 	StateFlinging
 )
 
-const touchSlop = unit.Dp(3)
+var touchSlop = unit.Dp(3)
 
 // Add the handler to the operation list to receive click events.
 func (c *Click) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
-	event.Op(ops, c)
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   c,
+		Types: pointer.Press | pointer.Release | pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave,
+	}.Add(ops)
 }
 
 // Hovered returns whether a pointer is inside the area.
@@ -172,36 +177,30 @@ func (c *Click) Pressed() bool {
 	return c.pressed
 }
 
-// Update state and return the next click events, if any.
-func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
-	for {
-		evt, ok := q.Event(pointer.Filter{
-			Target: c,
-			Kinds:  pointer.Press | pointer.Release | pointer.Enter | pointer.Leave | pointer.Cancel,
-		})
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
+// Events returns the next click events, if any.
+func (c *Click) Events(q event.Queue) []ClickEvent {
+	var events []ClickEvent
+	for _, evt := range q.Events(c) {
 		e, ok := evt.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Release:
 			if !c.pressed || c.pid != e.PointerID {
 				break
 			}
 			c.pressed = false
 			if !c.entered || c.hovered {
-				return ClickEvent{
-					Kind:      KindClick,
-					Position:  e.Position.Round(),
-					Source:    e.Source,
-					Modifiers: e.Modifiers,
-					NumClicks: c.clicks,
-				}, true
+				if e.Time-c.clickedAt < doubleClickDuration {
+					c.clicks++
+				} else {
+					c.clicks = 1
+				}
+				c.clickedAt = e.Time
+				events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypeClick, Position: e.Position, Source: e.Source, Modifiers: e.Modifiers, NumClicks: c.clicks})
 			} else {
-				return ClickEvent{Kind: KindCancel}, true
+				events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypeCancel})
 			}
 		case pointer.Cancel:
 			wasPressed := c.pressed
@@ -209,7 +208,7 @@ func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
 			c.hovered = false
 			c.entered = false
 			if wasPressed {
-				return ClickEvent{Kind: KindCancel}, true
+				events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypeCancel})
 			}
 		case pointer.Press:
 			if c.pressed {
@@ -218,15 +217,14 @@ func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
 			if e.Source == pointer.Mouse && e.Buttons != pointer.ButtonPrimary {
 				break
 			}
-			c.pid = e.PointerID
-			c.pressed = true
-			if e.Time-c.clickedAt < doubleClickDuration {
-				c.clicks++
-			} else {
-				c.clicks = 1
+			if !c.hovered {
+				c.pid = e.PointerID
 			}
-			c.clickedAt = e.Time
-			return ClickEvent{Kind: KindPress, Position: e.Position.Round(), Source: e.Source, Modifiers: e.Modifiers, NumClicks: c.clicks}, true
+			if c.pid != e.PointerID {
+				break
+			}
+			c.pressed = true
+			events = append(events, ClickEvent{Type: TypePress, Position: e.Position, Source: e.Source, Modifiers: e.Modifiers})
 		case pointer.Leave:
 			if !c.pressed {
 				c.pid = e.PointerID
@@ -244,16 +242,25 @@ func (c *Click) Update(q input.Source) (ClickEvent, bool) {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return ClickEvent{}, false
+	return events
 }
 
 func (ClickEvent) ImplementsEvent() {}
 
 // Add the handler to the operation list to receive scroll events.
 // The bounds variable refers to the scrolling boundaries
-// as defined in [pointer.Filter].
-func (s *Scroll) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
-	event.Op(ops, s)
+// as defined in io/pointer.InputOp.
+func (s *Scroll) Add(ops *op.Ops, bounds image.Rectangle) {
+	oph := pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:          s,
+		Grab:         s.grab,
+		Types:        pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release | pointer.Scroll,
+		ScrollBounds: bounds,
+	}
+	oph.Add(ops)
+	if s.flinger.Active() {
+		op.InvalidateOp{}.Add(ops)
+	}
 }
 
 // Stop any remaining fling movement.
@@ -261,25 +268,20 @@ func (s *Scroll) Stop() {
 	s.flinger = fling.Animation{}
 }
 
-// Update state and report the scroll distance along axis.
-func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis, scrollx, scrolly pointer.ScrollRange) int {
-	total := 0
-	f := pointer.Filter{
-		Target:  s,
-		Kinds:   pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release | pointer.Scroll | pointer.Cancel,
-		ScrollX: scrollx,
-		ScrollY: scrolly,
+// Scroll detects the scrolling distance from the available events and
+// ongoing fling gestures.
+func (s *Scroll) Scroll(cfg unit.Metric, q event.Queue, t time.Time, axis Axis) int {
+	if s.axis != axis {
+		s.axis = axis
+		return 0
 	}
-	for {
-		evt, ok := q.Event(f)
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
+	total := 0
+	for _, evt := range q.Events(s) {
 		e, ok := evt.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Press:
 			if s.dragging {
 				break
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 			}
 			s.Stop()
 			s.estimator = fling.Extrapolation{}
-			v := s.val(axis, e.Position)
+			v := s.val(e.Position)
 			s.last = int(math.Round(float64(v)))
 			s.estimator.Sample(e.Time, v)
 			s.dragging = true
@@ -301,20 +303,19 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 				break
 			}
 			fling := s.estimator.Estimate()
-			if slop, d := float32(cfg.Dp(touchSlop)), fling.Distance; d < -slop || d > slop {
+			if slop, d := float32(cfg.Px(touchSlop)), fling.Distance; d < -slop || d > slop {
 				s.flinger.Start(cfg, t, fling.Velocity)
 			}
 			fallthrough
 		case pointer.Cancel:
 			s.dragging = false
+			s.grab = false
 		case pointer.Scroll:
-			switch axis {
+			switch s.axis {
 			case Horizontal:
 				s.scroll += e.Scroll.X
 			case Vertical:
 				s.scroll += e.Scroll.Y
-			case Both:
-				s.scroll += e.Scroll.X + e.Scroll.Y
 			}
 			iscroll := int(s.scroll)
 			s.scroll -= float32(iscroll)
@@ -323,14 +324,14 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 			if !s.dragging || s.pid != e.PointerID {
 				continue
 			}
-			val := s.val(axis, e.Position)
+			val := s.val(e.Position)
 			s.estimator.Sample(e.Time, val)
 			v := int(math.Round(float64(val)))
 			dist := s.last - v
 			if e.Priority < pointer.Grabbed {
-				slop := cfg.Dp(touchSlop)
+				slop := cfg.Px(touchSlop)
 				if dist := dist; dist >= slop || -slop >= dist {
-					q.Execute(pointer.GrabCmd{Tag: s, ID: e.PointerID})
+					s.grab = true
 				}
 			} else {
 				s.last = v
@@ -339,22 +340,14 @@ func (s *Scroll) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, t time.Time, axis Axis,
 		}
 	}
 	total += s.flinger.Tick(t)
-	if s.flinger.Active() {
-		q.Execute(op.InvalidateCmd{})
-	}
 	return total
 }
 
-func (s *Scroll) val(axis Axis, p f32.Point) float32 {
-	switch axis {
-	case Horizontal:
+func (s *Scroll) val(p f32.Point) float32 {
+	if s.axis == Horizontal {
 		return p.X
-	case Vertical:
+	} else {
 		return p.Y
-	case Both:
-		return p.X + p.Y
-	default:
-		return 0
 	}
 }
 
@@ -372,25 +365,23 @@ func (s *Scroll) State() ScrollState {
 
 // Add the handler to the operation list to receive drag events.
 func (d *Drag) Add(ops *op.Ops) {
-	event.Op(ops, d)
+	pointer.InputOp{
+		Tag:   d,
+		Grab:  d.grab,
+		Types: pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release,
+	}.Add(ops)
 }
 
-// Update state and return the next drag event, if any.
-func (d *Drag) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, axis Axis) (pointer.Event, bool) {
-	for {
-		ev, ok := q.Event(pointer.Filter{
-			Target: d,
-			Kinds:  pointer.Press | pointer.Drag | pointer.Release | pointer.Cancel,
-		})
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-		e, ok := ev.(pointer.Event)
+// Events returns the next drag events, if any.
+func (d *Drag) Events(cfg unit.Metric, q event.Queue, axis Axis) []pointer.Event {
+	var events []pointer.Event
+	for _, e := range q.Events(d) {
+		e, ok := e.(pointer.Event)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		switch e.Kind {
+		switch e.Type {
 		case pointer.Press:
 			if !(e.Buttons == pointer.ButtonPrimary || e.Source == pointer.Touch) {
 				continue
@@ -416,9 +407,9 @@ func (d *Drag) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, axis Axis) (pointer.Event
 			}
 			if e.Priority < pointer.Grabbed {
 				diff := e.Position.Sub(d.start)
-				slop := cfg.Dp(touchSlop)
+				slop := cfg.Px(touchSlop)
 				if diff.X*diff.X+diff.Y*diff.Y > float32(slop*slop) {
-					q.Execute(pointer.GrabCmd{Tag: d, ID: e.PointerID})
+					d.grab = true
 				}
 			}
 		case pointer.Release, pointer.Cancel:
@@ -427,12 +418,13 @@ func (d *Drag) Update(cfg unit.Metric, q input.Source, axis Axis) (pointer.Event
 				continue
 			}
 			d.dragging = false
+			d.grab = false
 		}
 
-		return e, true
+		events = append(events, e)
 	}
 
-	return pointer.Event{}, false
+	return events
 }
 
 // Dragging reports whether it is currently in use.
@@ -452,16 +444,16 @@ func (a Axis) String() string {
 	}
 }
 
-func (ct ClickKind) String() string {
+func (ct ClickType) String() string {
 	switch ct {
-	case KindPress:
-		return "KindPress"
-	case KindClick:
-		return "KindClick"
-	case KindCancel:
-		return "KindCancel"
+	case TypePress:
+		return "TypePress"
+	case TypeClick:
+		return "TypeClick"
+	case TypeCancel:
+		return "TypeCancel"
 	default:
-		panic("invalid ClickKind")
+		panic("invalid ClickType")
 	}
 }
 

gesture/gesture_test.go

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 
 	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/io/event"
-	"gioui.org/io/input"
 	"gioui.org/io/pointer"
+	"gioui.org/io/router"
 	"gioui.org/op"
 	"gioui.org/op/clip"
 )
@@ -22,21 +22,20 @@ func TestHover(t *testing.T) {
 	stack := clip.Rect(rect).Push(ops)
 	h.Add(ops)
 	stack.Pop()
-	r := new(input.Router)
-	h.Update(r.Source())
+	r := new(router.Router)
 	r.Frame(ops)
 
 	r.Queue(
-		pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(30, 30)},
+		pointer.Event{Type: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(30, 30)},
 	)
-	if !h.Update(r.Source()) {
+	if !h.Hovered(r) {
 		t.Fatal("expected hovered")
 	}
 
 	r.Queue(
-		pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50)},
+		pointer.Event{Type: pointer.Move, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50)},
 	)
-	if h.Update(r.Source()) {
+	if h.Hovered(r) {
 		t.Fatal("expected not hovered")
 	}
 }
@@ -72,21 +71,12 @@ func TestMouseClicks(t *testing.T) {
 			var ops op.Ops
 			click.Add(&ops)
 
-			var r input.Router
-			click.Update(r.Source())
+			var r router.Router
 			r.Frame(&ops)
 			r.Queue(tc.events...)
 
-			var clicks []ClickEvent
-			for {
-				ev, ok := click.Update(r.Source())
-				if !ok {
-					break
-				}
-				if ev.Kind == KindClick {
-					clicks = append(clicks, ev)
-				}
-			}
+			events := click.Events(&r)
+			clicks := filterMouseClicks(events)
 			if got, want := len(clicks), len(tc.clicks); got != want {
 				t.Fatalf("got %d mouse clicks, expected %d", got, want)
 			}
@@ -100,91 +90,28 @@ func TestMouseClicks(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestClickPointerIDReassignment(t *testing.T) {
-	// A Click must accept a Press from a PointerID that differs from the
-	// one its hovered state was previously associated with. Some backends
-	// reassign a single physical pointer's ID over its lifetime — e.g. the
-	// Windows pointer API across focus changes — and locking the gesture
-	// to the first observed ID would silently drop every subsequent press.
-	//
-	// The sequence below puts the gesture into the buggy state through
-	// public events alone: a press under PointerID 1 starts an active
-	// press cycle, a Move under PointerID 2 arrives mid-press (which the
-	// router routes as an Enter for PID 2 but the gesture's Enter handler
-	// is a no-op for pid while pressed), then PID 1 releases. After this,
-	// the router has the gesture entered for PID 2 (so the next event
-	// under PID 2 won't trigger another Enter) but the gesture itself
-	// still has pid=1.
-	var click Click
-	var ops op.Ops
-	rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 100, 100)
-	stack := clip.Rect(rect).Push(&ops)
-	click.Add(&ops)
-	stack.Pop()
-
-	var r input.Router
-	click.Update(r.Source())
-	r.Frame(&ops)
-
-	drain := func() {
-		for {
-			if _, ok := click.Update(r.Source()); !ok {
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Press under PointerID 1.
-	r.Queue(
-		pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Move, Source: pointer.Mouse, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50), PointerID: 1},
-		pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Press, Source: pointer.Mouse, Buttons: pointer.ButtonPrimary, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50), PointerID: 1},
-	)
-	drain()
-
-	// Move under PointerID 2 while PointerID 1 is still pressed. The
-	// router records the gesture as entered for PointerID 2 but the
-	// gesture's Enter handler is a no-op for pid because c.pressed.
-	r.Queue(pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Move, Source: pointer.Mouse, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50), PointerID: 2})
-	drain()
-
-	// Release PointerID 1. PointerID 1's press tracking ends; the
-	// gesture's recorded pid stays at 1.
-	r.Queue(pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Release, Source: pointer.Mouse, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50), PointerID: 1})
-	drain()
-
-	// Press under PointerID 2. The router won't refire Enter for PID 2
-	// (the gesture is already in PID 2's entered set), so the gesture's
-	// only chance to refresh its pid is the Press handler itself.
-	r.Queue(pointer.Event{Kind: pointer.Press, Source: pointer.Mouse, Buttons: pointer.ButtonPrimary, Position: f32.Pt(50, 50), PointerID: 2})
-
-	var sawPress bool
-	for {
-		ev, ok := click.Update(r.Source())
-		if !ok {
-			break
-		}
-		if ev.Kind == KindPress {
-			sawPress = true
-		}
-	}
-	if !sawPress {
-		t.Fatal("expected KindPress for press under reassigned PointerID; gesture dropped the press because of stale recorded pid")
-	}
-}
-
 func mouseClickEvents(times ...time.Duration) []event.Event {
 	press := pointer.Event{
-		Kind:    pointer.Press,
+		Type:    pointer.Press,
 		Source:  pointer.Mouse,
 		Buttons: pointer.ButtonPrimary,
 	}
 	events := make([]event.Event, 0, 2*len(times))
 	for _, t := range times {
-		press := press
-		press.Time = t
 		release := press
-		release.Kind = pointer.Release
+		release.Type = pointer.Release
+		release.Time = t
 		events = append(events, press, release)
 	}
 	return events
 }
+
+func filterMouseClicks(events []ClickEvent) []ClickEvent {
+	var clicks []ClickEvent
+	for _, ev := range events {
+		if ev.Type == TypeClick {
+			clicks = append(clicks, ev)
+		}
+	}
+	return clicks
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 module gioui.org
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.17
 
 require (
-	eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20230308162249-dd43949cb42d
-	gioui.org/shader v1.0.8
-	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.3.4
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0
-	golang.org/x/exp/shiny v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.26.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.32.0
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20210722180016-6781d3edade3
+	golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20210628002857-a66eb6448b8d
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c
 )
 
-require golang.org/x/net v0.48.0
+require (
+	eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3
+	gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2
+	gioui.org/shader v1.0.6
+	github.com/benoitkugler/textlayout v0.0.10
+	github.com/gioui/uax v0.2.1-0.20220325163150-e3d987515a12
+	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.0.0-20220112121102-58fe93c84506
+)
+
+require golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,21 +1,453 @@
-eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20230308162249-dd43949cb42d h1:ARo7NCVvN2NdhLlJE9xAbKweuI9L6UgfTbYb0YwPacY=
-eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20230308162249-dd43949cb42d/go.mod h1:OYVuxibdk9OSLX8vAqydtRPP87PyTFcT9uH3MlEGBQA=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20201218220906-28db891af037/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
+eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3 h1:djFprmHZgrSepsHAIRMp5UJn3PzsoTg9drI+BDmif5Q=
+eliasnaur.com/font v0.0.0-20220124212145-832bb8fc08c3/go.mod h1:OYVuxibdk9OSLX8vAqydtRPP87PyTFcT9uH3MlEGBQA=
 gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210808092351-bfe733dd3334/go.mod h1:A8M0Cn5o+vY5LTMlnRoK3O5kG+rH0kWfJjeKd9QpBmQ=
-gioui.org/shader v1.0.8 h1:6ks0o/A+b0ne7RzEqRZK5f4Gboz2CfG+mVliciy6+qA=
-gioui.org/shader v1.0.8/go.mod h1:mWdiME581d/kV7/iEhLmUgUK5iZ09XR5XpduXzbePVM=
-github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.3.4 h1:YYurUOtEb9kGSOz4uE3k4OpBGsp1dDL8+fjCeaFamAU=
-github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.3.4/go.mod h1:4qZCQphq4KSgGTAeI0uMEkVbROgfah8BuyF5LRYr7XY=
-github.com/go-text/typesetting-utils v0.0.0-20260223113751-2d88ac90dae3 h1:drBZzMgdYPbmyXqOto4YhhJGrFIQCX94FpR4MzTCsos=
-github.com/go-text/typesetting-utils v0.0.0-20260223113751-2d88ac90dae3/go.mod h1:3/62I4La/HBRX9TcTpBj4eipLiwzf+vhI+7whTc9V7o=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0 h1:R84qjqJb5nVJMxqWYb3np9L5ZsaDtB+a39EqjV0JSUM=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0/go.mod h1:S9Xr4PYopiDyqSyp5NjCrhFrqg6A5zA2E/iPHPhqnS8=
-golang.org/x/exp/shiny v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0 h1:tMSqXTK+AQdW3LpCbfatHSRPHeW6+2WuxaVQuHftn80=
-golang.org/x/exp/shiny v0.0.0-20250408133849-7e4ce0ab07d0/go.mod h1:ygj7T6vSGhhm/9yTpOQQNvuAUFziTH7RUiH74EoE2C8=
-golang.org/x/image v0.26.0 h1:4XjIFEZWQmCZi6Wv8BoxsDhRU3RVnLX04dToTDAEPlY=
-golang.org/x/image v0.26.0/go.mod h1:lcxbMFAovzpnJxzXS3nyL83K27tmqtKzIJpctK8YO5c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.48.0 h1:zyQRTTrjc33Lhh0fBgT/H3oZq9WuvRR5gPC70xpDiQU=
-golang.org/x/net v0.48.0/go.mod h1:+ndRgGjkh8FGtu1w1FGbEC31if4VrNVMuKTgcAAnQRY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 h1:CvCKL8MeisomCi6qNZ+wbb0DN9E5AATixKsvNtMoMFk=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 h1:ZD01bjUt1FQ9WJ0ClOL5vxgxOI/sVCNgX1YtKwcY0mU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.32.0/go.mod h1:o/rUWzghvpD5TXrTIBuJU77MTaN0ljMWE47kxGJQ7jY=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2 h1:AGDDxsJE1RpcXTAxPG2B4jrwVUJGFDjINIPi1jtO6pc=
+gioui.org/cpu v0.0.0-20210817075930-8d6a761490d2/go.mod h1:A8M0Cn5o+vY5LTMlnRoK3O5kG+rH0kWfJjeKd9QpBmQ=
+gioui.org/shader v1.0.6 h1:cvZmU+eODFR2545X+/8XucgZdTtEjR3QWW6W65b0q5Y=
+gioui.org/shader v1.0.6/go.mod h1:mWdiME581d/kV7/iEhLmUgUK5iZ09XR5XpduXzbePVM=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
+github.com/Knetic/govaluate v3.0.1-0.20171022003610-9aa49832a739+incompatible/go.mod h1:r7JcOSlj0wfOMncg0iLm8Leh48TZaKVeNIfJntJ2wa0=
+github.com/Shopify/sarama v1.19.0/go.mod h1:FVkBWblsNy7DGZRfXLU0O9RCGt5g3g3yEuWXgklEdEo=
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gpu/caches.go

@@ -5,21 +5,12 @@ package gpu
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
+	"gioui.org/f32"
 )
 
-type textureCacheKey struct {
-	filter byte
-	handle any
-}
-
-type textureCache struct {
-	res map[textureCacheKey]resourceCacheValue
-}
-
-type resourceCacheValue struct {
-	used     bool
-	resource resource
+type resourceCache struct {
+	res    map[interface{}]resource
+	newRes map[interface{}]resource
 }
 
 // opCache is like a resourceCache but using concrete types and a
@@ -42,50 +33,48 @@ type opCacheValue struct {
 	keep bool
 }
 
-func newTextureCache() *textureCache {
-	return &textureCache{
-		res: make(map[textureCacheKey]resourceCacheValue),
+func newResourceCache() *resourceCache {
+	return &resourceCache{
+		res:    make(map[interface{}]resource),
+		newRes: make(map[interface{}]resource),
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) get(key textureCacheKey) (resource, bool) {
+func (r *resourceCache) get(key interface{}) (resource, bool) {
 	v, exists := r.res[key]
-	if !exists {
-		return nil, false
+	if exists {
+		r.newRes[key] = v
 	}
-	if !v.used {
-		v.used = true
-		r.res[key] = v
-	}
-	return v.resource, exists
+	return v, exists
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) put(key textureCacheKey, val resource) {
-	v, exists := r.res[key]
-	if exists && v.used {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("key exists, %v", key))
+func (r *resourceCache) put(key interface{}, val resource) {
+	if _, exists := r.newRes[key]; exists {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("key exists, %p", key))
 	}
-	v.used = true
-	v.resource = val
-	r.res[key] = v
+	r.res[key] = val
+	r.newRes[key] = val
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) frame() {
+func (r *resourceCache) frame() {
 	for k, v := range r.res {
-		if v.used {
-			v.used = false
-			r.res[k] = v
-		} else {
+		if _, exists := r.newRes[k]; !exists {
 			delete(r.res, k)
-			v.resource.release()
+			v.release()
 		}
 	}
+	for k, v := range r.newRes {
+		delete(r.newRes, k)
+		r.res[k] = v
+	}
 }
 
-func (r *textureCache) release() {
+func (r *resourceCache) release() {
+	r.frame()
 	for _, v := range r.res {
-		v.resource.release()
+		v.release()
 	}
+	r.newRes = nil
 	r.res = nil
 }
 

gpu/clip.go

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 package gpu
 
 import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"math"
-
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
+	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/stroke"
 )
 
@@ -12,48 +9,19 @@ type quadSplitter struct {
 	bounds  f32.Rectangle
 	contour uint32
 	d       *drawOps
-
-	// scratch space used by calls to stroke.SplitCubic
-	scratch []stroke.QuadSegment
 }
 
 func encodeQuadTo(data []byte, meta uint32, from, ctrl, to f32.Point) {
-	// inlined code:
-	//   encodeVertex(data, meta, 1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
-	//   encodeVertex(data[vertStride:], meta, 1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
-	//   encodeVertex(data[vertStride*2:], meta, -1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
-	//   encodeVertex(data[vertStride*3:], meta, -1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
-	// this code needs to stay in sync with `vertex.encode`.
-
-	bo := binary.LittleEndian
-	data = data[:vertStride*4]
-
-	// encode the main template
-	bo.PutUint32(data[4:8], meta)
-	bo.PutUint32(data[8:12], math.Float32bits(from.X))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[12:16], math.Float32bits(from.Y))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[16:20], math.Float32bits(ctrl.X))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[20:24], math.Float32bits(ctrl.Y))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[24:28], math.Float32bits(to.X))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[28:32], math.Float32bits(to.Y))
-
-	copy(data[vertStride*1:vertStride*2], data[vertStride*0:vertStride*1])
-	copy(data[vertStride*2:vertStride*3], data[vertStride*0:vertStride*1])
-	copy(data[vertStride*3:vertStride*4], data[vertStride*0:vertStride*1])
-
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*0:vertStride*0+4], math.Float32bits(nwCorner))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*1:vertStride*1+4], math.Float32bits(neCorner))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*2:vertStride*2+4], math.Float32bits(swCorner))
-	bo.PutUint32(data[vertStride*3:vertStride*3+4], math.Float32bits(seCorner))
+	// NW.
+	encodeVertex(data, meta, -1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
+	// NE.
+	encodeVertex(data[vertStride:], meta, 1, 1, from, ctrl, to)
+	// SW.
+	encodeVertex(data[vertStride*2:], meta, -1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
+	// SE.
+	encodeVertex(data[vertStride*3:], meta, 1, -1, from, ctrl, to)
 }
 
-const (
-	nwCorner = 1*0.5 + 0*0.25
-	neCorner = 1*0.5 + 1*0.25
-	swCorner = 0*0.5 + 0*0.25
-	seCorner = 0*0.5 + 1*0.25
-)
-
 func encodeVertex(data []byte, meta uint32, cornerx, cornery int16, from, ctrl, to f32.Point) {
 	var corner float32
 	if cornerx == 1 {

gpu/clip_test.go

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
-
-package gpu
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
-)
-
-func BenchmarkEncodeQuadTo(b *testing.B) {
-	var data [vertStride * 4]byte
-	for i := 0; b.Loop(); i++ {
-		v := float32(i)
-		encodeQuadTo(data[:], 123,
-			f32.Point{X: v, Y: v},
-			f32.Point{X: v, Y: v},
-			f32.Point{X: v, Y: v},
-		)
-	}
-}

gpu/cpu.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR MIT
+
+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"gioui.org/cpu"
+)
+
+// This file contains code specific to running compute shaders on the CPU.
+
+// dispatcher dispatches CPU compute programs across multiple goroutines.
+type dispatcher struct {
+	// done is notified when a worker completes its work slice.
+	done chan struct{}
+	// work receives work slice indices. It is closed when the dispatcher is released.
+	work chan work
+	// dispatch receives compute jobs, which is then split among workers.
+	dispatch chan dispatch
+	// sync receives notification when a Sync completes.
+	sync chan struct{}
+}
+
+type work struct {
+	ctx   *cpu.DispatchContext
+	index int
+}
+
+type dispatch struct {
+	_type   jobType
+	program *cpu.ProgramInfo
+	descSet unsafe.Pointer
+	x, y, z int
+}
+
+type jobType uint8
+
+const (
+	jobDispatch jobType = iota
+	jobBarrier
+	jobSync
+)
+
+func newDispatcher(workers int) *dispatcher {
+	d := &dispatcher{
+		work: make(chan work, workers),
+		done: make(chan struct{}, workers),
+		// Leave some room to avoid blocking calls to Dispatch.
+		dispatch: make(chan dispatch, 20),
+		sync:     make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go d.worker()
+	}
+	go d.dispatcher()
+	return d
+}
+
+func (d *dispatcher) dispatcher() {
+	defer close(d.work)
+	var free []*cpu.DispatchContext
+	defer func() {
+		for _, ctx := range free {
+			ctx.Free()
+		}
+	}()
+	var used []*cpu.DispatchContext
+	for job := range d.dispatch {
+		switch job._type {
+		case jobDispatch:
+			if len(free) == 0 {
+				free = append(free, cpu.NewDispatchContext())
+			}
+			ctx := free[len(free)-1]
+			free = free[:len(free)-1]
+			used = append(used, ctx)
+			ctx.Prepare(cap(d.work), job.program, job.descSet, job.x, job.y, job.z)
+			for i := 0; i < cap(d.work); i++ {
+				d.work <- work{
+					ctx:   ctx,
+					index: i,
+				}
+			}
+		case jobBarrier:
+			// Wait for all outstanding dispatches to complete.
+			for i := 0; i < len(used)*cap(d.work); i++ {
+				<-d.done
+			}
+			free = append(free, used...)
+			used = used[:0]
+		case jobSync:
+			d.sync <- struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *dispatcher) worker() {
+	thread := cpu.NewThreadContext()
+	defer thread.Free()
+	for w := range d.work {
+		w.ctx.Dispatch(w.index, thread)
+		d.done <- struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *dispatcher) Barrier() {
+	d.dispatch <- dispatch{_type: jobBarrier}
+}
+
+func (d *dispatcher) Sync() {
+	d.dispatch <- dispatch{_type: jobSync}
+	<-d.sync
+}
+
+func (d *dispatcher) Dispatch(program *cpu.ProgramInfo, descSet unsafe.Pointer, x, y, z int) {
+	d.dispatch <- dispatch{
+		_type:   jobDispatch,
+		program: program,
+		descSet: descSet,
+		x:       x,
+		y:       y,
+		z:       z,
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *dispatcher) Stop() {
+	close(d.dispatch)
+}

gpu/gpu.go

@@ -9,19 +9,18 @@ package gpu
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
 	"math"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
-	"slices"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"gioui.org/f32"
 	"gioui.org/gpu/internal/driver"
 	"gioui.org/internal/byteslice"
-	"gioui.org/internal/f32"
 	"gioui.org/internal/f32color"
 	"gioui.org/internal/ops"
 	"gioui.org/internal/scene"
@@ -45,10 +44,14 @@ type GPU interface {
 	Clear(color color.NRGBA)
 	// Frame draws the graphics operations from op into a viewport of target.
 	Frame(frame *op.Ops, target RenderTarget, viewport image.Point) error
+	// Profile returns the last available profiling information. Profiling
+	// information is requested when Frame sees an io/profile.Op, and the result
+	// is available through Profile at some later time.
+	Profile() string
 }
 
 type gpu struct {
-	cache *textureCache
+	cache *resourceCache
 
 	profile                                string
 	timers                                 *timers
@@ -65,39 +68,22 @@ type renderer struct {
 	pather        *pather
 	packer        packer
 	intersections packer
-	layers        packer
-	layerFBOs     fboSet
 }
 
 type drawOps struct {
-	reader       ops.Reader
-	states       []f32.Affine2D
-	transStack   []f32.Affine2D
-	layers       []opacityLayer
-	opacityStack []int
-	vertCache    []byte
-	viewport     image.Point
-	clear        bool
-	clearColor   f32color.RGBA
-	imageOps     []imageOp
-	pathOps      []*pathOp
-	pathOpCache  []pathOp
-	qs           quadSplitter
-	pathCache    *opCache
-}
-
-type opacityLayer struct {
-	opacity float32
-	parent  int
-	// depth of the opacity stack. Layers of equal depth are
-	// independent and may be packed into one atlas.
-	depth int
-	// opStart and opEnd denote the range of drawOps.imageOps
-	// that belong to the layer.
-	opStart, opEnd int
-	// clip of the layer operations.
-	clip  image.Rectangle
-	place placement
+	profile     bool
+	reader      ops.Reader
+	states      []f32.Affine2D
+	transStack  []f32.Affine2D
+	vertCache   []byte
+	viewport    image.Point
+	clear       bool
+	clearColor  f32color.RGBA
+	imageOps    []imageOp
+	pathOps     []*pathOp
+	pathOpCache []pathOp
+	qs          quadSplitter
+	pathCache   *opCache
 }
 
 type drawState struct {
@@ -141,12 +127,7 @@ type imageOp struct {
 	clip     image.Rectangle
 	material material
 	clipType clipType
-	// place is either a placement in the path fbos or intersection fbos,
-	// depending on clipType.
-	place placement
-	// layerOps is the number of operations this
-	// operation replaces.
-	layerOps int
+	place    placement
 }
 
 func decodeStrokeOp(data []byte) float32 {
@@ -173,25 +154,17 @@ type material struct {
 	// For materialTypeColor.
 	color f32color.RGBA
 	// For materialTypeLinearGradient.
-	color1  f32color.RGBA
-	color2  f32color.RGBA
-	opacity float32
+	color1 f32color.RGBA
+	color2 f32color.RGBA
 	// For materialTypeTexture.
 	data    imageOpData
-	tex     driver.Texture
 	uvTrans f32.Affine2D
 }
 
-const (
-	filterLinear  = 0
-	filterNearest = 1
-)
-
 // imageOpData is the shadow of paint.ImageOp.
 type imageOpData struct {
 	src    *image.RGBA
-	handle any
-	filter byte
+	handle interface{}
 }
 
 type linearGradientOpData struct {
@@ -201,7 +174,7 @@ type linearGradientOpData struct {
 	color2 color.NRGBA
 }
 
-func decodeImageOp(data []byte, refs []any) imageOpData {
+func decodeImageOp(data []byte, refs []interface{}) imageOpData {
 	handle := refs[1]
 	if handle == nil {
 		return imageOpData{}
@@ -209,12 +182,10 @@ func decodeImageOp(data []byte, refs []any) imageOpData {
 	return imageOpData{
 		src:    refs[0].(*image.RGBA),
 		handle: handle,
-		filter: data[1],
 	}
 }
 
 func decodeColorOp(data []byte) color.NRGBA {
-	data = data[:ops.TypeColorLen]
 	return color.NRGBA{
 		R: data[1],
 		G: data[2],
@@ -224,7 +195,6 @@ func decodeColorOp(data []byte) color.NRGBA {
 }
 
 func decodeLinearGradientOp(data []byte) linearGradientOpData {
-	data = data[:ops.TypeLinearGradientLen]
 	bo := binary.LittleEndian
 	return linearGradientOpData{
 		stop1: f32.Point{
@@ -250,6 +220,8 @@ func decodeLinearGradientOp(data []byte) linearGradientOpData {
 	}
 }
 
+type clipType uint8
+
 type resource interface {
 	release()
 }
@@ -262,7 +234,7 @@ type texture struct {
 type blitter struct {
 	ctx                    driver.Device
 	viewport               image.Point
-	pipelines              [2][3]*pipeline
+	pipelines              [3]*pipeline
 	colUniforms            *blitColUniforms
 	texUniforms            *blitTexUniforms
 	linearGradientUniforms *blitLinearGradientUniforms
@@ -299,9 +271,6 @@ type blitUniforms struct {
 	transform     [4]float32
 	uvTransformR1 [4]float32
 	uvTransformR2 [4]float32
-	opacity       float32
-	fbo           float32
-	_             [2]float32
 }
 
 type colorUniforms struct {
@@ -313,7 +282,7 @@ type gradientUniforms struct {
 	color2 f32color.RGBA
 }
 
-type clipType uint8
+type materialType uint8
 
 const (
 	clipTypeNone clipType = iota
@@ -321,8 +290,6 @@ const (
 	clipTypeIntersection
 )
 
-type materialType uint8
-
 const (
 	materialColor materialType = iota
 	materialLinearGradient
@@ -344,17 +311,18 @@ func New(api API) (GPU, error) {
 func NewWithDevice(d driver.Device) (GPU, error) {
 	d.BeginFrame(nil, false, image.Point{})
 	defer d.EndFrame()
+	forceCompute := os.Getenv("GIORENDERER") == "forcecompute"
 	feats := d.Caps().Features
 	switch {
-	case feats.Has(driver.FeatureFloatRenderTargets) && feats.Has(driver.FeatureSRGB):
+	case !forceCompute && feats.Has(driver.FeatureFloatRenderTargets) && feats.Has(driver.FeatureSRGB):
 		return newGPU(d)
 	}
-	return nil, errors.New("no available GPU driver")
+	return newCompute(d)
 }
 
 func newGPU(ctx driver.Device) (*gpu, error) {
 	g := &gpu{
-		cache: newTextureCache(),
+		cache: newResourceCache(),
 	}
 	g.drawOps.pathCache = newOpCache()
 	if err := g.init(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -394,7 +362,7 @@ func (g *gpu) collect(viewport image.Point, frameOps *op.Ops) {
 	g.renderer.pather.viewport = viewport
 	g.drawOps.reset(viewport)
 	g.drawOps.collect(frameOps, viewport)
-	if false && g.timers == nil && g.ctx.Caps().Features.Has(driver.FeatureTimers) {
+	if g.drawOps.profile && g.timers == nil && g.ctx.Caps().Features.Has(driver.FeatureTimers) {
 		g.frameStart = time.Now()
 		g.timers = newTimers(g.ctx)
 		g.stencilTimer = g.timers.newTimer()
@@ -420,9 +388,7 @@ func (g *gpu) frame(target RenderTarget) error {
 	g.stencilTimer.end()
 	g.coverTimer.begin()
 	g.renderer.uploadImages(g.cache, g.drawOps.imageOps)
-	g.renderer.prepareDrawOps(g.drawOps.imageOps)
-	g.drawOps.layers = g.renderer.packLayers(g.drawOps.layers)
-	g.renderer.drawLayers(g.drawOps.layers, g.drawOps.imageOps)
+	g.renderer.prepareDrawOps(g.cache, g.drawOps.imageOps)
 	d := driver.LoadDesc{
 		ClearColor: g.drawOps.clearColor,
 	}
@@ -432,14 +398,14 @@ func (g *gpu) frame(target RenderTarget) error {
 	}
 	g.ctx.BeginRenderPass(defFBO, d)
 	g.ctx.Viewport(0, 0, viewport.X, viewport.Y)
-	g.renderer.drawOps(false, image.Point{}, g.renderer.blitter.viewport, g.drawOps.imageOps)
+	g.renderer.drawOps(g.cache, g.drawOps.imageOps)
 	g.coverTimer.end()
 	g.ctx.EndRenderPass()
 	g.cleanupTimer.begin()
 	g.cache.frame()
 	g.drawOps.pathCache.frame()
 	g.cleanupTimer.end()
-	if false && g.timers.ready() {
+	if g.drawOps.profile && g.timers.ready() {
 		st, covt, cleant := g.stencilTimer.Elapsed, g.coverTimer.Elapsed, g.cleanupTimer.Elapsed
 		ft := st + covt + cleant
 		q := 100 * time.Microsecond
@@ -455,38 +421,20 @@ func (g *gpu) Profile() string {
 	return g.profile
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) texHandle(cache *textureCache, data imageOpData) driver.Texture {
-	key := textureCacheKey{
-		filter: data.filter,
-		handle: data.handle,
-	}
-
+func (r *renderer) texHandle(cache *resourceCache, data imageOpData) driver.Texture {
 	var tex *texture
-	t, exists := cache.get(key)
+	t, exists := cache.get(data.handle)
 	if !exists {
 		t = &texture{
 			src: data.src,
 		}
-		cache.put(key, t)
+		cache.put(data.handle, t)
 	}
 	tex = t.(*texture)
 	if tex.tex != nil {
 		return tex.tex
 	}
-
-	var minFilter, magFilter driver.TextureFilter
-	switch data.filter {
-	case filterLinear:
-		minFilter, magFilter = driver.FilterLinearMipmapLinear, driver.FilterLinear
-	case filterNearest:
-		minFilter, magFilter = driver.FilterNearest, driver.FilterNearest
-	}
-
-	handle, err := r.ctx.NewTexture(driver.TextureFormatSRGBA,
-		data.src.Bounds().Dx(), data.src.Bounds().Dy(),
-		minFilter, magFilter,
-		driver.BufferBindingTexture,
-	)
+	handle, err := r.ctx.NewTexture(driver.TextureFormatSRGBA, data.src.Bounds().Dx(), data.src.Bounds().Dy(), driver.FilterLinear, driver.FilterLinear, driver.BufferBindingTexture)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -514,18 +462,15 @@ func newRenderer(ctx driver.Device) *renderer {
 	if cap := 8192; maxDim > cap {
 		maxDim = cap
 	}
-	d := image.Pt(maxDim, maxDim)
 
-	r.packer.maxDims = d
-	r.intersections.maxDims = d
-	r.layers.maxDims = d
+	r.packer.maxDims = image.Pt(maxDim, maxDim)
+	r.intersections.maxDims = image.Pt(maxDim, maxDim)
 	return r
 }
 
 func (r *renderer) release() {
 	r.pather.release()
 	r.blitter.release()
-	r.layerFBOs.delete(r.ctx, 0)
 }
 
 func newBlitter(ctx driver.Device) *blitter {
@@ -548,7 +493,7 @@ func newBlitter(ctx driver.Device) *blitter {
 	b.texUniforms = new(blitTexUniforms)
 	b.linearGradientUniforms = new(blitLinearGradientUniforms)
 	pipelines, err := createColorPrograms(ctx, gio.Shader_blit_vert, gio.Shader_blit_frag,
-		[3]any{b.colUniforms, b.linearGradientUniforms, b.texUniforms},
+		[3]interface{}{b.colUniforms, b.linearGradientUniforms, b.texUniforms},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
@@ -560,24 +505,12 @@ func newBlitter(ctx driver.Device) *blitter {
 func (b *blitter) release() {
 	b.quadVerts.Release()
 	for _, p := range b.pipelines {
-		for _, p := range p {
-			p.Release()
-		}
+		p.Release()
 	}
 }
 
-func createColorPrograms(b driver.Device, vsSrc shader.Sources, fsSrc [3]shader.Sources, uniforms [3]any) (pipelines [2][3]*pipeline, err error) {
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			for _, p := range pipelines {
-				for _, p := range p {
-					if p != nil {
-						p.Release()
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
+func createColorPrograms(b driver.Device, vsSrc shader.Sources, fsSrc [3]shader.Sources, uniforms [3]interface{}) ([3]*pipeline, error) {
+	var pipelines [3]*pipeline
 	blend := driver.BlendDesc{
 		Enable:    true,
 		SrcFactor: driver.BlendFactorOne,
@@ -595,76 +528,86 @@ func createColorPrograms(b driver.Device, vsSrc shader.Sources, fsSrc [3]shader.
 		return pipelines, err
 	}
 	defer vsh.Release()
-	for i, format := range []driver.TextureFormat{driver.TextureFormatOutput, driver.TextureFormatSRGBA} {
-		{
-			fsh, err := b.NewFragmentShader(fsSrc[materialTexture])
-			if err != nil {
-				return pipelines, err
-			}
-			defer fsh.Release()
-			pipe, err := b.NewPipeline(driver.PipelineDesc{
-				VertexShader:   vsh,
-				FragmentShader: fsh,
-				BlendDesc:      blend,
-				VertexLayout:   layout,
-				PixelFormat:    format,
-				Topology:       driver.TopologyTriangleStrip,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return pipelines, err
-			}
-			var vertBuffer *uniformBuffer
-			if u := uniforms[materialTexture]; u != nil {
-				vertBuffer = newUniformBuffer(b, u)
-			}
-			pipelines[i][materialTexture] = &pipeline{pipe, vertBuffer}
+	{
+		fsh, err := b.NewFragmentShader(fsSrc[materialTexture])
+		if err != nil {
+			return pipelines, err
 		}
-		{
-			var vertBuffer *uniformBuffer
-			fsh, err := b.NewFragmentShader(fsSrc[materialColor])
-			if err != nil {
-				return pipelines, err
-			}
-			defer fsh.Release()
-			pipe, err := b.NewPipeline(driver.PipelineDesc{
-				VertexShader:   vsh,
-				FragmentShader: fsh,
-				BlendDesc:      blend,
-				VertexLayout:   layout,
-				PixelFormat:    format,
-				Topology:       driver.TopologyTriangleStrip,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return pipelines, err
-			}
-			if u := uniforms[materialColor]; u != nil {
-				vertBuffer = newUniformBuffer(b, u)
-			}
-			pipelines[i][materialColor] = &pipeline{pipe, vertBuffer}
+		defer fsh.Release()
+		pipe, err := b.NewPipeline(driver.PipelineDesc{
+			VertexShader:   vsh,
+			FragmentShader: fsh,
+			BlendDesc:      blend,
+			VertexLayout:   layout,
+			PixelFormat:    driver.TextureFormatOutput,
+			Topology:       driver.TopologyTriangleStrip,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return pipelines, err
 		}
-		{
-			var vertBuffer *uniformBuffer
-			fsh, err := b.NewFragmentShader(fsSrc[materialLinearGradient])
-			if err != nil {
-				return pipelines, err
-			}
-			defer fsh.Release()
-			pipe, err := b.NewPipeline(driver.PipelineDesc{
-				VertexShader:   vsh,
-				FragmentShader: fsh,
-				BlendDesc:      blend,
-				VertexLayout:   layout,
-				PixelFormat:    format,
-				Topology:       driver.TopologyTriangleStrip,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return pipelines, err
-			}
-			if u := uniforms[materialLinearGradient]; u != nil {
-				vertBuffer = newUniformBuffer(b, u)
-			}
-			pipelines[i][materialLinearGradient] = &pipeline{pipe, vertBuffer}
+		var vertBuffer *uniformBuffer
+		if u := uniforms[materialTexture]; u != nil {
+			vertBuffer = newUniformBuffer(b, u)
 		}
+		pipelines[materialTexture] = &pipeline{pipe, vertBuffer}
+	}
+	{
+		var vertBuffer *uniformBuffer
+		fsh, err := b.NewFragmentShader(fsSrc[materialColor])
+		if err != nil {
+			pipelines[materialTexture].Release()
+			return pipelines, err
+		}
+		defer fsh.Release()
+		pipe, err := b.NewPipeline(driver.PipelineDesc{
+			VertexShader:   vsh,
+			FragmentShader: fsh,
+			BlendDesc:      blend,
+			VertexLayout:   layout,
+			PixelFormat:    driver.TextureFormatOutput,
+			Topology:       driver.TopologyTriangleStrip,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			pipelines[materialTexture].Release()
+			return pipelines, err
+		}
+		if u := uniforms[materialColor]; u != nil {
+			vertBuffer = newUniformBuffer(b, u)
+		}
+		pipelines[materialColor] = &pipeline{pipe, vertBuffer}
+	}
+	{
+		var vertBuffer *uniformBuffer
+		fsh, err := b.NewFragmentShader(fsSrc[materialLinearGradient])
+		if err != nil {
+			pipelines[materialTexture].Release()
+			pipelines[materialColor].Release()
+			return pipelines, err
+		}
+		defer fsh.Release()
+		pipe, err := b.NewPipeline(driver.PipelineDesc{
+			VertexShader:   vsh,
+			FragmentShader: fsh,
+			BlendDesc:      blend,
+			VertexLayout:   layout,
+			PixelFormat:    driver.TextureFormatOutput,
+			Topology:       driver.TopologyTriangleStrip,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			pipelines[materialTexture].Release()
+			pipelines[materialColor].Release()
+			return pipelines, err
+		}
+		if u := uniforms[materialLinearGradient]; u != nil {
+			vertBuffer = newUniformBuffer(b, u)
+		}
+		pipelines[materialLinearGradient] = &pipeline{pipe, vertBuffer}
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		for _, p := range pipelines {
+			p.Release()
+		}
+		return pipelines, err
 	}
 	return pipelines, nil
 }
@@ -752,8 +695,8 @@ func (r *renderer) intersectPath(p *pathOp, clip image.Rectangle) {
 	}
 	fbo := r.pather.stenciler.cover(p.place.Idx)
 	r.ctx.BindTexture(0, fbo.tex)
-	coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(f32.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
-	subScale, subOff := texSpaceTransform(f32.FRect(sub), p.clip.Size())
+	coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(layout.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
+	subScale, subOff := texSpaceTransform(layout.FRect(sub), p.clip.Size())
 	r.pather.stenciler.ipipeline.uniforms.vert.uvTransform = [4]float32{coverScale.X, coverScale.Y, coverOff.X, coverOff.Y}
 	r.pather.stenciler.ipipeline.uniforms.vert.subUVTransform = [4]float32{subScale.X, subScale.Y, subOff.X, subOff.Y}
 	r.pather.stenciler.ipipeline.pipeline.UploadUniforms(r.ctx)
@@ -802,7 +745,8 @@ func (r *renderer) packStencils(pops *[]*pathOp) {
 			ops = ops[:len(ops)-1]
 			continue
 		}
-		place, ok := r.packer.add(p.clip.Size())
+		sz := image.Point{X: p.clip.Dx(), Y: p.clip.Dy()}
+		place, ok := r.packer.add(sz)
 		if !ok {
 			// The clip area is at most the entire screen. Hopefully no
 			// screen is larger than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
@@ -814,92 +758,14 @@ func (r *renderer) packStencils(pops *[]*pathOp) {
 	*pops = ops
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) packLayers(layers []opacityLayer) []opacityLayer {
-	// Make every layer bounds contain nested layers; cull empty layers.
-	for i := len(layers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		l := layers[i]
-		if l.parent != -1 {
-			b := layers[l.parent].clip
-			layers[l.parent].clip = b.Union(l.clip)
-		}
-		if l.clip.Empty() {
-			layers = slices.Delete(layers, i, i+1)
-		}
-	}
-	// Pack layers.
-	r.layers.clear()
-	depth := 0
-	for i := range layers {
-		l := &layers[i]
-		// Only layers of the same depth may be packed together.
-		if l.depth != depth {
-			r.layers.newPage()
-		}
-		place, ok := r.layers.add(l.clip.Size())
-		if !ok {
-			// The layer area is at most the entire screen. Hopefully no
-			// screen is larger than GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
-			panic(fmt.Errorf("layer size %v is larger than maximum texture size %v", l.clip.Size(), r.layers.maxDims))
-		}
-		l.place = place
-	}
-	return layers
-}
-
-func (r *renderer) drawLayers(layers []opacityLayer, ops []imageOp) {
-	if len(r.layers.sizes) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	fbo := -1
-	r.layerFBOs.resize(r.ctx, driver.TextureFormatSRGBA, r.layers.sizes)
-	for i := len(layers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		l := layers[i]
-		if fbo != l.place.Idx {
-			if fbo != -1 {
-				r.ctx.EndRenderPass()
-				r.ctx.PrepareTexture(r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo].tex)
-			}
-			fbo = l.place.Idx
-			f := r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo]
-			r.ctx.BeginRenderPass(f.tex, driver.LoadDesc{Action: driver.LoadActionClear})
-		}
-		v := image.Rectangle{
-			Min: l.place.Pos,
-			Max: l.place.Pos.Add(l.clip.Size()),
-		}
-		r.ctx.Viewport(v.Min.X, v.Min.Y, v.Dx(), v.Dy())
-		f := r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo]
-		r.drawOps(true, l.clip.Min.Mul(-1), l.clip.Size(), ops[l.opStart:l.opEnd])
-		sr := f32.FRect(v)
-		uvScale, uvOffset := texSpaceTransform(sr, f.size)
-		uvTrans := f32.AffineId().Scale(f32.Point{}, uvScale).Offset(uvOffset)
-		// Replace layer ops with one textured op.
-		ops[l.opStart] = imageOp{
-			clip: l.clip,
-			material: material{
-				material: materialTexture,
-				tex:      f.tex,
-				uvTrans:  uvTrans,
-				opacity:  l.opacity,
-			},
-			layerOps: l.opEnd - l.opStart - 1,
-		}
-	}
-	if fbo != -1 {
-		r.ctx.EndRenderPass()
-		r.ctx.PrepareTexture(r.layerFBOs.fbos[fbo].tex)
-	}
-}
-
 func (d *drawOps) reset(viewport image.Point) {
+	d.profile = false
 	d.viewport = viewport
 	d.imageOps = d.imageOps[:0]
 	d.pathOps = d.pathOps[:0]
 	d.pathOpCache = d.pathOpCache[:0]
 	d.vertCache = d.vertCache[:0]
 	d.transStack = d.transStack[:0]
-	d.layers = d.layers[:0]
-	d.opacityStack = d.opacityStack[:0]
 }
 
 func (d *drawOps) collect(root *op.Ops, viewport image.Point) {
@@ -932,7 +798,7 @@ func (d *drawOps) newPathOp() *pathOp {
 	return &d.pathOpCache[len(d.pathOpCache)-1]
 }
 
-func (d *drawOps) addClipPath(state *drawState, aux []byte, auxKey opKey, bounds f32.Rectangle, off f32.Point) {
+func (d *drawOps) addClipPath(state *drawState, aux []byte, auxKey opKey, bounds f32.Rectangle, off f32.Point, push bool) {
 	npath := d.newPathOp()
 	*npath = pathOp{
 		parent:    state.cpath,
@@ -955,11 +821,18 @@ func (d *drawOps) addClipPath(state *drawState, aux []byte, auxKey opKey, bounds
 	state.cpath = npath
 }
 
+// split a transform into two parts, one which is pure offset and the
+// other representing the scaling, shearing and rotation part
+func splitTransform(t f32.Affine2D) (srs f32.Affine2D, offset f32.Point) {
+	sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy := t.Elems()
+	offset = f32.Point{X: ox, Y: oy}
+	srs = f32.NewAffine2D(sx, hx, 0, hy, sy, 0)
+	return
+}
+
 func (d *drawOps) save(id int, state f32.Affine2D) {
 	if extra := id - len(d.states) + 1; extra > 0 {
-		for range extra {
-			d.states = append(d.states, f32.AffineId())
-		}
+		d.states = append(d.states, make([]f32.Affine2D, extra)...)
 	}
 	d.states[id] = state
 }
@@ -974,13 +847,12 @@ func (k opKey) SetTransform(t f32.Affine2D) opKey {
 }
 
 func (d *drawOps) collectOps(r *ops.Reader, viewport f32.Rectangle) {
-	var quads quadsOp
-	state := drawState{
-		t: f32.AffineId(),
-	}
+	var (
+		quads quadsOp
+		state drawState
+	)
 	reset := func() {
 		state = drawState{
-			t:     f32.AffineId(),
 			color: color.NRGBA{A: 0xff},
 		}
 	}
@@ -988,6 +860,8 @@ func (d *drawOps) collectOps(r *ops.Reader, viewport f32.Rectangle) {
 loop:
 	for encOp, ok := r.Decode(); ok; encOp, ok = r.Decode() {
 		switch ops.OpType(encOp.Data[0]) {
+		case ops.TypeProfile:
+			d.profile = true
 		case ops.TypeTransform:
 			dop, push := ops.DecodeTransform(encOp.Data)
 			if push {
@@ -999,27 +873,6 @@ loop:
 			state.t = d.transStack[n-1]
 			d.transStack = d.transStack[:n-1]
 
-		case ops.TypePushOpacity:
-			opacity := ops.DecodeOpacity(encOp.Data)
-			parent := -1
-			depth := len(d.opacityStack)
-			if depth > 0 {
-				parent = d.opacityStack[depth-1]
-			}
-			lidx := len(d.layers)
-			d.layers = append(d.layers, opacityLayer{
-				opacity: opacity,
-				parent:  parent,
-				depth:   depth,
-				opStart: len(d.imageOps),
-			})
-			d.opacityStack = append(d.opacityStack, lidx)
-		case ops.TypePopOpacity:
-			n := len(d.opacityStack)
-			idx := d.opacityStack[n-1]
-			d.layers[idx].opEnd = len(d.imageOps)
-			d.opacityStack = d.opacityStack[:n-1]
-
 		case ops.TypeStroke:
 			quads.key.strokeWidth = decodeStrokeOp(encOp.Data)
 
@@ -1035,8 +888,8 @@ loop:
 			var op ops.ClipOp
 			op.Decode(encOp.Data)
 			quads.key.outline = op.Outline
-			bounds := f32.FRect(op.Bounds)
-			trans, off := transformOffset(state.t)
+			bounds := layout.FRect(op.Bounds)
+			trans, off := splitTransform(state.t)
 			if len(quads.aux) > 0 {
 				// There is a clipping path, build the gpu data and update the
 				// cache key such that it will be equal only if the transform is the
@@ -1059,9 +912,8 @@ loop:
 			} else {
 				quads.aux, bounds, _ = d.boundsForTransformedRect(bounds, trans)
 				quads.key = opKey{Key: encOp.Key}
-				quads.key = quads.key.SetTransform(trans)
 			}
-			d.addClipPath(&state, quads.aux, quads.key, bounds, off)
+			d.addClipPath(&state, quads.aux, quads.key, bounds, off, true)
 			quads = quadsOp{}
 		case ops.TypePopClip:
 			state.cpath = state.cpath.parent
@@ -1083,7 +935,7 @@ loop:
 			// Transform (if needed) the painting rectangle and if so generate a clip path,
 			// for those cases also compute a partialTrans that maps texture coordinates between
 			// the new bounding rectangle and the transformed original paint rectangle.
-			t, off := transformOffset(state.t)
+			t, off := splitTransform(state.t)
 			// Fill the clip area, unless the material is a (bounded) image.
 			// TODO: Find a tighter bound.
 			inf := float32(1e6)
@@ -1105,15 +957,15 @@ loop:
 				// The paint operation is sheared or rotated, add a clip path representing
 				// this transformed rectangle.
 				k := opKey{Key: encOp.Key}
-				k = k.SetTransform(t)
-				d.addClipPath(&state, clipData, k, bnd, off)
+				k.SetTransform(t) // TODO: This call has no effect.
+				d.addClipPath(&state, clipData, k, bnd, off, false)
 			}
 
 			bounds := cl.Round()
 			mat := state.materialFor(bnd, off, partialTrans, bounds)
 
 			rect := state.cpath == nil || state.cpath.rect
-			if bounds.Min == (image.Point{}) && bounds.Max == d.viewport && rect && mat.opaque && (mat.material == materialColor) && len(d.opacityStack) == 0 {
+			if bounds.Min == (image.Point{}) && bounds.Max == d.viewport && rect && mat.opaque && (mat.material == materialColor) {
 				// The image is a uniform opaque color and takes up the whole screen.
 				// Scrap images up to and including this image and set clear color.
 				d.imageOps = d.imageOps[:0]
@@ -1126,15 +978,6 @@ loop:
 				clip:     bounds,
 				material: mat,
 			}
-			if n := len(d.opacityStack); n > 0 {
-				idx := d.opacityStack[n-1]
-				lb := d.layers[idx].clip
-				if lb.Empty() {
-					d.layers[idx].clip = img.clip
-				} else {
-					d.layers[idx].clip = lb.Union(img.clip)
-				}
-			}
 
 			d.imageOps = append(d.imageOps, img)
 			if clipData != nil {
@@ -1164,10 +1007,7 @@ func expandPathOp(p *pathOp, clip image.Rectangle) {
 }
 
 func (d *drawState) materialFor(rect f32.Rectangle, off f32.Point, partTrans f32.Affine2D, clip image.Rectangle) material {
-	m := material{
-		opacity: 1.,
-		uvTrans: f32.AffineId(),
-	}
+	var m material
 	switch d.matType {
 	case materialColor:
 		m.material = materialColor
@@ -1200,31 +1040,30 @@ func (d *drawState) materialFor(rect f32.Rectangle, off f32.Point, partTrans f32
 		sr.Min.Y += float32(clip.Min.Y-dr.Min.Y) * sdy / dy
 		sr.Max.Y -= float32(dr.Max.Y-clip.Max.Y) * sdy / dy
 		uvScale, uvOffset := texSpaceTransform(sr, sz)
-		m.uvTrans = partTrans.Mul(f32.AffineId().Scale(f32.Point{}, uvScale).Offset(uvOffset))
+		m.uvTrans = partTrans.Mul(f32.Affine2D{}.Scale(f32.Point{}, uvScale).Offset(uvOffset))
 		m.data = d.image
 	}
 	return m
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) uploadImages(cache *textureCache, ops []imageOp) {
-	for i := range ops {
-		img := &ops[i]
+func (r *renderer) uploadImages(cache *resourceCache, ops []imageOp) {
+	for _, img := range ops {
 		m := img.material
 		if m.material == materialTexture {
-			img.material.tex = r.texHandle(cache, m.data)
+			r.texHandle(cache, m.data)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) prepareDrawOps(ops []imageOp) {
+func (r *renderer) prepareDrawOps(cache *resourceCache, ops []imageOp) {
 	for _, img := range ops {
 		m := img.material
 		switch m.material {
 		case materialTexture:
-			r.ctx.PrepareTexture(m.tex)
+			r.ctx.PrepareTexture(r.texHandle(cache, m.data))
 		}
 
-		var fbo FBO
+		var fbo stencilFBO
 		switch img.clipType {
 		case clipTypeNone:
 			continue
@@ -1237,30 +1076,24 @@ func (r *renderer) prepareDrawOps(ops []imageOp) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *renderer) drawOps(isFBO bool, opOff, viewport image.Point, ops []imageOp) {
+func (r *renderer) drawOps(cache *resourceCache, ops []imageOp) {
 	var coverTex driver.Texture
-	for i := 0; i < len(ops); i++ {
-		img := ops[i]
-		i += img.layerOps
+	for _, img := range ops {
 		m := img.material
 		switch m.material {
 		case materialTexture:
-			r.ctx.BindTexture(0, m.tex)
+			r.ctx.BindTexture(0, r.texHandle(cache, m.data))
 		}
-		drc := img.clip.Add(opOff)
+		drc := img.clip
 
-		scale, off := clipSpaceTransform(drc, viewport)
-		var fbo FBO
-		fboIdx := 0
-		if isFBO {
-			fboIdx = 1
-		}
+		scale, off := clipSpaceTransform(drc, r.blitter.viewport)
+		var fbo stencilFBO
 		switch img.clipType {
 		case clipTypeNone:
-			p := r.blitter.pipelines[fboIdx][m.material]
+			p := r.blitter.pipelines[m.material]
 			r.ctx.BindPipeline(p.pipeline)
 			r.ctx.BindVertexBuffer(r.blitter.quadVerts, 0)
-			r.blitter.blit(m.material, isFBO, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.opacity, m.uvTrans)
+			r.blitter.blit(m.material, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.uvTrans)
 			continue
 		case clipTypePath:
 			fbo = r.pather.stenciler.cover(img.place.Idx)
@@ -1275,20 +1108,16 @@ func (r *renderer) drawOps(isFBO bool, opOff, viewport image.Point, ops []imageO
 			Min: img.place.Pos,
 			Max: img.place.Pos.Add(drc.Size()),
 		}
-		coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(f32.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
-		p := r.pather.coverer.pipelines[fboIdx][m.material]
+		coverScale, coverOff := texSpaceTransform(layout.FRect(uv), fbo.size)
+		p := r.pather.coverer.pipelines[m.material]
 		r.ctx.BindPipeline(p.pipeline)
 		r.ctx.BindVertexBuffer(r.blitter.quadVerts, 0)
-		r.pather.cover(m.material, isFBO, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.uvTrans, coverScale, coverOff)
+		r.pather.cover(m.material, m.color, m.color1, m.color2, scale, off, m.uvTrans, coverScale, coverOff)
 	}
 }
 
-func (b *blitter) blit(mat materialType, fbo bool, col f32color.RGBA, col1, col2 f32color.RGBA, scale, off f32.Point, opacity float32, uvTrans f32.Affine2D) {
-	fboIdx := 0
-	if fbo {
-		fboIdx = 1
-	}
-	p := b.pipelines[fboIdx][mat]
+func (b *blitter) blit(mat materialType, col f32color.RGBA, col1, col2 f32color.RGBA, scale, off f32.Point, uvTrans f32.Affine2D) {
+	p := b.pipelines[mat]
 	b.ctx.BindPipeline(p.pipeline)
 	var uniforms *blitUniforms
 	switch mat {
@@ -1297,23 +1126,18 @@ func (b *blitter) blit(mat materialType, fbo bool, col f32color.RGBA, col1, col2
 		uniforms = &b.colUniforms.blitUniforms
 	case materialTexture:
 		t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 := uvTrans.Elems()
+		b.texUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
+		b.texUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 		uniforms = &b.texUniforms.blitUniforms
-		uniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
-		uniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 	case materialLinearGradient:
 		b.linearGradientUniforms.color1 = col1
 		b.linearGradientUniforms.color2 = col2
 
 		t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6 := uvTrans.Elems()
+		b.linearGradientUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
+		b.linearGradientUniforms.blitUniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 		uniforms = &b.linearGradientUniforms.blitUniforms
-		uniforms.uvTransformR1 = [4]float32{t1, t2, t3, 0}
-		uniforms.uvTransformR2 = [4]float32{t4, t5, t6, 0}
 	}
-	uniforms.fbo = 0
-	if fbo {
-		uniforms.fbo = 1
-	}
-	uniforms.opacity = opacity
 	uniforms.transform = [4]float32{scale.X, scale.Y, off.X, off.Y}
 	p.UploadUniforms(b.ctx)
 	b.ctx.DrawArrays(0, 4)
@@ -1321,7 +1145,7 @@ func (b *blitter) blit(mat materialType, fbo bool, col f32color.RGBA, col1, col2
 
 // newUniformBuffer creates a new GPU uniform buffer backed by the
 // structure uniformBlock points to.
-func newUniformBuffer(b driver.Device, uniformBlock any) *uniformBuffer {
+func newUniformBuffer(b driver.Device, uniformBlock interface{}) *uniformBuffer {
 	ref := reflect.ValueOf(uniformBlock)
 	// Determine the size of the uniforms structure, *uniforms.
 	size := ref.Elem().Type().Size()
@@ -1375,7 +1199,7 @@ func gradientSpaceTransform(clip image.Rectangle, off f32.Point, stop1, stop2 f3
 
 	// TODO: optimize
 	zp := f32.Point{}
-	return f32.AffineId().
+	return f32.Affine2D{}.
 		Scale(zp, layout.FPt(clip.Size())).            // scale to pixel space
 		Offset(zp.Sub(off).Add(layout.FPt(clip.Min))). // offset to clip space
 		Offset(zp.Sub(stop1)).                         // offset to first stop point
@@ -1489,7 +1313,7 @@ func (d *drawOps) buildVerts(pathData []byte, tr f32.Affine2D, outline bool, str
 // as needed and feeds them to the supplied splitter.
 func decodeToOutlineQuads(qs *quadSplitter, tr f32.Affine2D, pathData []byte) {
 	for len(pathData) >= scene.CommandSize+4 {
-		qs.contour = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(pathData)
+		qs.contour = bo.Uint32(pathData)
 		cmd := ops.DecodeCommand(pathData[4:])
 		switch cmd.Op() {
 		case scene.OpLine:
@@ -1510,9 +1334,7 @@ func decodeToOutlineQuads(qs *quadSplitter, tr f32.Affine2D, pathData []byte) {
 			q = q.Transform(tr)
 			qs.splitAndEncode(q)
 		case scene.OpCubic:
-			from, ctrl0, ctrl1, to := scene.DecodeCubic(cmd)
-			qs.scratch = stroke.SplitCubic(from, ctrl0, ctrl1, to, qs.scratch[:0])
-			for _, q := range qs.scratch {
+			for _, q := range stroke.SplitCubic(scene.DecodeCubic(cmd)) {
 				q = q.Transform(tr)
 				qs.splitAndEncode(q)
 			}
@@ -1525,10 +1347,12 @@ func decodeToOutlineQuads(qs *quadSplitter, tr f32.Affine2D, pathData []byte) {
 
 // create GPU vertices for transformed r, find the bounds and establish texture transform.
 func (d *drawOps) boundsForTransformedRect(r f32.Rectangle, tr f32.Affine2D) (aux []byte, bnd f32.Rectangle, ptr f32.Affine2D) {
-	ptr = f32.AffineId()
-	if tr == f32.AffineId() {
-		// fast-path to allow blitting of pure rectangles.
-		bnd = r
+	if isPureOffset(tr) {
+		// fast-path to allow blitting of pure rectangles
+		_, _, ox, _, _, oy := tr.Elems()
+		off := f32.Pt(ox, oy)
+		bnd.Min = r.Min.Add(off)
+		bnd.Max = r.Max.Add(off)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -1575,29 +1399,10 @@ func (d *drawOps) boundsForTransformedRect(r f32.Rectangle, tr f32.Affine2D) (au
 	sx, sy := P2.X-P3.X, P2.Y-P3.Y
 	ptr = f32.NewAffine2D(sx, P2.X-P1.X, P1.X-sx, sy, P2.Y-P1.Y, P1.Y-sy).Invert()
 
-	return aux, bnd, ptr
-}
-
-// transformOffset a transform into two parts, one which is pure integer offset
-// and the other representing the scaling, shearing and rotation and fractional
-// offset.
-func transformOffset(t f32.Affine2D) (f32.Affine2D, f32.Point) {
-	sx, hx, ox, hy, sy, oy := t.Elems()
-	iox, fox := math.Modf(float64(ox))
-	ioy, foy := math.Modf(float64(oy))
-	ft := f32.NewAffine2D(sx, hx, float32(fox), hy, sy, float32(foy))
-	ip := f32.Pt(float32(iox), float32(ioy))
-	return ft, ip
-}
-
-func newShaders(ctx driver.Device, vsrc, fsrc shader.Sources) (vert driver.VertexShader, frag driver.FragmentShader, err error) {
-	vert, err = ctx.NewVertexShader(vsrc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	frag, err = ctx.NewFragmentShader(fsrc)
-	if err != nil {
-		vert.Release()
-	}
 	return
 }
+
+func isPureOffset(t f32.Affine2D) bool {
+	a, b, _, d, e, _ := t.Elems()
+	return a == 1 && b == 0 && d == 0 && e == 1
+}